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  • Springer  (167)
  • American Physical Society  (121)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2000-2004  (288)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutralizing antibody provided protection against enterovirus type 71 lethal challenge in neonatal mice (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 7 (2000), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Enterovirus type 71 ; Experimental infection ; Mice ; Neutralizing antibody ; Vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental infection with enterovirus type 71 (EV71) induced death in neonatal mice in an age- and dose-dependent manner. The mortality rate was 100% following intraperitoneal inoculation 1-day-old ICR mice and this gradually decreased as the age at the time of inoculation increased (60% in 3-day-old mice and no deaths occurred in mice older than 6 days of age). A lethal dose greater than 108 PFU was necessary. Lethargy, failure to gain weight, rear limb tremors and paralysis were observed in the infected mice before death. EV71 was isolated from various tissues of the dead mice. Using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique with a specific primer pair, a 332-bp product was detected in the tissues that produced a culture positive for EV71. Protection against EV71 challenge in neonatal mice was demonstrated following passive transfer of serum from actively immunized adult mice 1 day after inoculation with the virus. Pups from hyperimmune dams were resistant to EV71 challenge. Additionally, maternal immunization with a formalin-inactivated whole-virus vaccine prolonged the survival of pups after EV71 lethal challenge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02253368
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  • 2
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    Identification and expression of zebrafish Iroquois homeobox gene irx1 (2001)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0949-944X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-041X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of optical pump-probe characterization of low-temperature-grown GaAs at well-above-bandgap and near-bandedge wavelengths (2000)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 32 (2000), S. 573-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Keywords: low-temperature-grown GaAs ; photo-carrier lifetime ; time-resolved photoreflectance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Annealed low-temperature-grown GaAs was studied by time-resolved photoreflectance measurement at well-above-bandgap photon energies and by photoreflectance as well as transmission measurements at near-bandedge wavelength. At near-bandedge wavelength, the initial changes in reflectivity and transmission were observed to relax at identical relaxation rate, which was attributed to the absence of carrier cooling and the domination of carrier trapping. All the measured photoreflectance traces were found to be well fitted by the previously proposed three-component decomposition procedure. Among the three components, the fast positive peak was attributed to absorption bleaching and its relaxation, that is, the scattering of the photo-carrier out of their initially excited states by carrier cooling and trapping. The decay times of the positive peak, combined with the carrier cooling times extracted from photoreflectance measurement on semi-insulating GaAs, give consistent estimate of carrier trapping time at all wavelengths within the spectral range. Our results verify that well-above-bandgap photoreflectance measurement combined with the three-component fitting procedure can be used to estimate the photo-carrier trapping time which are consistent with that obtained by near-bandedge photoreflectance and transmission techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007008003089
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large near resonance third order nonlinearity in GaN (2000)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 32 (2000), S. 619-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Keywords: GaN ; nonlinear refractive index ; third-order nonlinearity ; two-photon absorption ; two-photon confocal microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied third order nonlinearities, including two-photon absorption coefficient β and nonlinear refractive index n 2, of GaN in below bandgap ultraviolet (UV) wavelength regime by using UV femtosecond pulses. Two-photon absorption was investigated by demonstrating femtosecond UV pulsewidth autocorrelation in a GaN thin film while femtosecond Z-scan measurements revealed information for both n 2 and β. The distribution of n 2 versus wavelength was found to be consistent with a model described by the quadratic Stark effect, which is the dominant factor contributed to the nonlinear refractive index near the bandgap. Large β on the order of 10 cm/GW and large negative n 2 with a magnitude on the order of several 10−12 cm2/W were obtained. The β at near mid-gap infrared (IR) wavelength was also found to be on the order of several cm/GW by using two-photon-type autocorrelations in a GaN thin film. Taking advantage of the large two-photon absorption at mid-gap wavelengths, we have demonstrated excellent image quality on two-photon confocal microscopy, including two-photon-scanning-photoluminescence imaging and two-photon optical-beam-induced current microscopy, on a GaN Hall measurement sample and an InGaN green light emitting diode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007076506723
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of a Cooperative Algorithm for power control in cellular systems with a time‐varying link gain matrix (2000)
    Springer
    Wireless networks 6 (2000), S. 429-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A new version of the Cooperative Algorithm is proposed for distributed power control in time‐varying cellular environment. Unlike other approaches which assume a fixed link gain matrix, we consider a time‐varying model for shadow fading. We consider the performance of three schemes, namely, instantaneous SIR balancing, slow path loss compensation and the Cooperative Algorithm. Analytical results are obtained for the case where there are two cochannel users. We have shown that the sequence of signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR) converges in distribution. The outage probability in steady state is obtained. It is shown that when the power control sampling period is small, the performance of the Cooperative Algorithm approaches that of instantaneous SIR balancing. For more than two users, a detailed simulation is performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019128224779
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Network Dimensioning in WDM-Based All-Optical Networks (2000)
    Springer
    Photonic network communications 2 (2000), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8188
    Keywords: WDM networks ; network dimensioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The problem of network dimensioning, which involves optimal network designs using minimal resources for a given well-predicted traffic between individual nodes but without a pre-determined network topology, is analyzed in details in this paper. Such optimal designs are critical as the network resources are directly related to the cost of implementation. The problem complexity increases as the traffic between every node pair varies in a periodic manner. Furthermore, the presence of wavelength conflicts makes the network-dimensioning problem distinct and more complicated than that for traditional circuit-switching networks. Here, we adopt the approach based on a multi-commodity flow problem. A general cost function covering the resources of all system components is formulated, and two solution approaches are presented; one based on integer programming and one on heuristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010044623593
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Comparison of Wideband Communication Characteristics for Various Corridors at 57.5 GHz (2000)
    Springer
    Wireless personal communications 12 (2000), S. 71-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-834X
    Keywords: corridor characteristics ; indoor wireless communication ; millimeter wave ; wideband communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A comparison of wideband communication characteristics for five different geometrical configurations of corridors at 57.5 GHz is investigated. Shooting and bouncing/image techniques are applied to compute the impulse responses for: (i) the straight shape corridor with rectangular cross section (ii) the straight shape corridor with arched cross section (iii) the curved shape corridor with rectangular cross section (iv) the curved shape corridor with arched cross section and (v) the L-shape corridors. By using the impulse responses of these multipath channels, the outage probabilities for high-speed BPSK (binary phase shift keying) systems with phase and timing recovery circuits are calculated. Numerical results show that the outage probability for the L-shape corridor is the largest among all the five configurations being studied. Also, the outage probabilities for the arched cross section corridors are smaller than those for the rectangular cross section corridors regardless of the shapes. In addition, the effect of space antenna diversity techniques on mitigating the multipath fading is also investigated. Finally, it is with noting that in these cases the present work provides not only comparative information but also a quantitative information on the performance reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008825927352
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Joint broadcast scheduling and user's cache management for efficient information delivery (2000)
    Springer
    Wireless networks 6 (2000), S. 279-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In information delivery through broadcasting, a server continuously pushes information in a broadcast channel and the users access it by tuning in and waiting until the information they are interested in is transmitted. The server follows a schedule that attempts to match the user access statistics in order to reduce the access latency. In case of inhomogeneous user populations with several different access profiles, the users have local cache to smooth out the mismatches of their profile with the broadcast schedule statistics. In this work we propose a method for joint design of the server broadcast schedule and the user caching strategy such that the access delay is minimized. We identify a fluid model of the joint problem on which the joint optimization is performed and subsequently the dynamic schedule is designed to match the optimal fluid model parameters. It turns out that with joint design of the broadcast schedule and the user cache management policy significant performance improvement is achieved, particularly for inhomogeneous user populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019102017510
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low Power Rake Receiver and Viterbi Decoder Design for CDMA Applications (2000)
    Springer
    Wireless personal communications 14 (2000), S. 49-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-834X
    Keywords: low power design ; Rake receiver ; Add-Compare-Select unit ; Viterbi decoder ; CDMA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we address the issues of designing lowpower VLSI implementation of the Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA) receiver. Among all the digitalfunctional blocks of a CDMA receiver, the RAKEreceiver and the Viterbi decoder are the mostcomputational intensive and hence consume most of thepower. In this work, we propose new VLSI architecturesfor these two functional blocks which consumesignificantly lower power. In particular, were-organize the structure of the pilot-aided RAKEdemodulator to reduce the operational frequency of thearithmetic components and we propose a newAdd-Compare-Select (ACS) architecture for the Viterbidecoder which can reduce the complexity of thecomputation. Also a novel pre-computationalarchitecture is proposed to further reduce the powerconsumption of the ACS unit. Experimental results showsignificant reduction in power consumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008961028130
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new harvest operation cost model to evaluate forest harvest layout alternatives (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 95 (2000), S. 115-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: harvest scheduling problem ; operations research modeling ; example problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we develop a new model for harvest operation costs that can be used to evaluate stands for potential harvest. The model is based on felling, extraction, and access costs and is unique in its consideration of the interaction between harvest area shapes and access roads. We illustrate the model and evaluate the impact of stand size, volume, and road cost when determining harvest layouts. We also present a generalized case where multiple unit road costs are considered in the same stand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018914527037
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