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  • Elsevier  (529)
  • American Chemical Society  (238)
  • Oxford University Press  (52)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
  • 2000-2004  (840)
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Year
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of diagnostic hole-closure in Z-pinch driven hohlraums (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 681-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this article we investigate the partial closure of diagnostic holes in Z-pinch driven hohlraums. These hohlraums differ from current laser-driven hohlraums in a number of ways such as their larger size, greater x-ray drive energy, and lower temperature. Although the diameter of the diagnostic holes on these Z-pinch driven hohlraums can be much greater than their laser-driven counterparts, 4 mm in diameter or larger, radiation impinges on the wall material surrounding the hole for the duration of the Z pinch, nearly 100 ns. This incident radiation causes plasma to ablate from the hohlraum walls surrounding the diagnostic hole and partially obscure this diagnostic hole. This partial obscuration reduces the effective area over which diagnostics view the hohlraum's radiation. This reduction in area can lead to an underestimation of the wall temperature when nonimaging diagnostics such as x-ray diodes and bolometers are used to determine power and later to infer a wall temperature. In this article we describe the techniques used to characterize the hole-closure in these hohlraums and present the experimental measurements of this process. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873852
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic behavior of nanostructured Fe films measured by magnetic dichroism (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 3414-3417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic properties of Fe nanostructured films have been studied using magnetic linear and circular dichroism in x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The samples were prepared by the deposition of nanoscale Fe clusters, size 1–4 nm, onto thin Cu films. The linear dichroism, which is used to measure the in-plane magnetization, increases with increasing film thickness, with a sharp increase between 1 and 1.5 ML coverage. The circular dichroism, which measures the out-of-plane magnetization, is zero within the experimental error at all thicknesses studied. Capping an Fe film with an ultrathin Pd layer results in a factor of 3 decrease of the linear dichroism response. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288230
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The construction of a gas aggregation source for the preparation of size-selected nanoscale transition metal clusters (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3178-3183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and operation of a gas aggregation source is described. The source combines the attributes of high-temperature operation (enabling preparation of transition metal clusters), mass selection, ultrahigh vacuum compatibility, and transportability. This makes it ideally suited to in situ studies such as scanning tunneling microscope or synchrotron radiation experiments. Data are presented to illustrate the performance of the source; recent results obtained in synchrotron radiation studies are highlighted. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1304868
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The "Compact Toroid Injection Experiment" tomographic imaging system (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4119-4126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design, construction and operation of a tomographic imaging system on the Compact Toroid Injection Experiment is described. The system measures the total radiated power over energies from visible light up into the extreme ultraviolet. It then reconstructs two dimensional profiles from the data. The reconstruction routine is based on a method known as second order regularization which finds a compromise between smoothness and fit to the data. This method was found to have the best overall fidelity to test images. The hardware and overall reconstruction were calibrated using two different sources. First results from the system under real experimental conditions are presented. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1318920
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method for repairing Mo/Si multilayer thin film phase defects in reticles for extreme ultraviolet lithography (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The development of a nearly defect-free reticle blank is an important challenge facing extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The core element of an EUVL reticle blank is the reflective Mo/Si multilayer film, and deposition of Mo/Si on very small substrate defects can result in critical Mo/Si phase defects. In this article we present a method for repairing Mo/Si multilayer film phase defects in EUVL reticle blanks. An electron beam is used to deposit energy in the immediate vicinity of the defect, producing a small local contraction of the layer thicknesses due to silicide formation at the Mo/Si interfaces. We show in simulations that this contraction can significantly reduce the original structural deformation. We also present experimental results showing that it is possible to use an electron beam to controllably produce depressions in Mo/Si with nanometer-scale depths, and that this can be achieved without significantly impairing the reflective properties of the Mo/Si multilayer films. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1419265
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Companion equations for branes (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 4284-4292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The quantum mechanical transition between a free particle Lagrangian and the Klein–Gordon field description of a free particle (particle-wave duality) is conjectured to extend to an analogous construction of relativistically invariant wave equations associated with strings and branes. Electromagnetic interactions in the two systems are discussed. It is emphasized that all integrable free field theories, including those of Dirac–Born–Infeld type, are associated with Lagrangians equivalent to divergences on the space of solutions of the equations of motion. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533342
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of pinching in the compact toroid injection experiment: Implications for a plasma opening switch (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1237-1239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A compact toroid inductively stores the energy released by a capacitor bank as it is being accelerated. This energy can be stored for a period of more than ten microseconds and then transferred to a load on a much shorter time scale. This article presents framing camera images of the radial compression of plasma trailing behind a compact toroid as the compact toroid leaves its inner electrode. This compression illustrates the basic principles of a compact toroid plasma opening switch which could be used to drive fast z pinches. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1400773
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic nanoscale dots on colloid crystal surfaces (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 748-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate that uniform, ordered, single-domain magnetic nanoscale dots can be fabricated on concentrated colloid surfaces. The substrate consists of compact silica nanosphere arrays grown on a glass wafer. Through the subsequent deposition and oxidation treatment of a Co film, monodisperse magnetic Co nanoscale dot arrays with controlled magnetic properties and size were obtained. We suggest that magnetic dots deposited on colloidal surfaces might open a way of developing artificially nanostructured materials for fundamental studies in nanomagnetism and for applications such as patterned magnetic recording media. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125882
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced peak power and short pulse operation of planar waveguide CO2 lasers (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2276-2278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a large peak power enhancement and reduction in pulse width for planar waveguide carbon dioxide lasers. Gain modulation through rf discharge power switching produces trains of laser pulses with peak power levels at up to 38 times the cw power level, with a pulse duration as low as 10 μs. Operation at repetition rates in the kHz region preserves the average power (100 W) of the normal cw/long pulse mode of operation. The laser is shown to operate close to the predicted boundaries dictated by thermal loading of the discharge. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1359148
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geometry optimization of large biomolecules in redundant internal coordinates (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 6566-6572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present an improved version of our recent algorithm [B. Paizs, G. Fogarasi, and P. Pulay, J. Chem. Phys. 109, 6571 (1998)] for optimizing the geometries of large molecules. The approximate Cholesky factorization technique has been generalized to the case of redundant coordinates, and an alternative approach involving use of the B†B matrix in the iterative coordinate back transformation is described. The generalized full Cholesky factors of B†B are very sparse and the corresponding force and geometry transformations are fast and numerically stable, permitting us to apply this technique for internal coordinate geometry optimization of molecules containing thousands of atoms. As an example we present optimization data on alpha-helical alanine polypeptides, and various globular proteins. Results for the alanine polypeptides indicates that internal coordinate optimization is clearly superior to the first-order Cartesian optimization techniques generally used in force field calculations. The largest system investigated is alpha-helical Ac-(Ala)999-NH2 containing 9999 atoms, which was successfully optimized using less than a megaword of memory. Optimization of various globular proteins shows that our procedure can easily deal with highly redundant (including full primitive) coordinate sets. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1308551
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