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  • Springer  (175)
  • Springer Nature  (46)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (13)
  • 2000-2004  (234)
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Year
  • 1
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    Electron Wavefunctions and Densities for Atoms (2001)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-01
    Print ISSN: 1424-0637
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-0661
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
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    The Electron Density is Smooth Away from the Nuclei (2002)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-3616
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0916
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    Super roots in Lotus corniculatus: A unique tissue culture and regeneration system in a legume species (2003)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inelastic relaxation and noise temperature in S/N/S junctions (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2002), S. 629-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.50.+r Proximity effects, weak links, tunneling phenomena, and Josephson effects – 74.80.Fp Point contacts; SN and SNS junctions – 73.50.Td Noise processes and phenomena
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We studied electronic relaxation in long diffusive superconductor/normal metal/superconductor (S/N/S) junctions by means of current noise and transport measurements down to very low temperature (100mK). Samples with normal metal lengths of 4, 10 and 60μm have been investigated. In all samples the shot noise increases very rapidly with the voltage. This is interpreted in terms of enhanced heating of the electron gas confined between the two S/N interfaces. Experimental results are analyzed quantitatively taking into account electron-phonon interaction and heat transfer through the S/N interfaces. Transport measurements reveal that in all samples the two S/N interfaces are connected incoherently, as shown by the reentrance of the resistance at low temperature. The complementarity of noise and transport measurements allows us to show that the energy dependence of the reentrance at low voltage is essentially due to the increasing effective temperature of the quasiparticles in the normal metal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2002-00346-y
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase behaviour and physical properties of the cationic quaternary system tetradecyldimethylamine oxide hydrochloric acid 1-hexanol water (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Small vesicles ; Phase behaviour ; Small-angle neutron scattering ; Charged surfactants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The phase behaviour and properties of the tetradecyldimethylamine oxide/HCl/hexanol/water quaternary surfactant system have been studied by means of electric conductivity, rheology, freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). In this system the originally zwitterionic surfactant can become increasingly charged by protonation through the addition of HCl, i.e. the degree of charging can be changed continuously. An interesting, isotropic phase (L1 * phase) of low viscosity was observed for intermediate degrees of charging. From viscosity and conductivity measurements this phase can clearly be distinguished from the conventional L1 phase that is composed of micelles. Investigation of the structures present by means of FF-TEM and SANS showed that the L1 * phase is made up of unilamellar vesicles of extremely small diameter of 8–10 nm. Evidently such highly curved structures are stabilized by the electrostatic conditions in this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050023
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology of nanocomposites based on layered silicates and polyamide-12 (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 629-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Nanocomposites ; Polyamide ; Clay ; Rheology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Nanocomposites based on polyamide-12 (PA-12) and layered silicates are synthesized and analyzed with respect to their morphological and rheological properties. Transmission electron microscopy shows the fine dispersion of silicate layers in a PA-12 matrix. Different swelling agents for the clay (protonated aminododecanoic acid or water) are used. This allows the molar mass of PA-12 to be controlled during the preparation of the nanocomposites. When aminododecanoic acid is used as a swelling agent, the exfoliated silicate layers are chemically bonded to the matrix, whereas the use of water as a swelling agent leads to exfoliated silicate layers well dispersed in the polymer matrix without tethered polymer chains. The rheological behavior of the nanocomposites differs extremely from that of the pure PA-12 matrices. A qualitative description of the rheology of these nanocomposites is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960000294
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of synthetic sex pheromone for management of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, in cabbage (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 94 (2000), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: diamondback moth ; Plutella xylostella ; sex pheromones ; mating disruption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Over a 2-year period field trials were conducted to assess the potential to disrupt mating ofPlutella xylostella (L.) using a commercial rope formulation of a 70:30 mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, two components of the sex pheromone of the female. Screened field cages were placed into blocks of cabbage which were either treated with the pheromone or left untreated. Different densities of P. xylostella pupae were placed into each cage and then larval and pupal counts were made of the subsequent generation. In addition, sentinel females at mating stations were placed in each cage to assess the influence of the pheromone on the ability of males to locate and mate with females. Likewise, we used pheromone traps to assess whether the pheromone treatment influenced the ability of males to locate a pheromone source. In both years larval and pupal populations, produced as a result of the original inoculation, did not differ between pheromone-treated and untreated fields. The effect of pheromone treatment on larval and pupal numbers did not change with changes in inoculated P. xylostella density, however, the density of P. xylostella released caused significant differences in the density of the subsequent generation. No significant differences were detected between the number of sentinel female adult P. xylostella that successfully mated in pheromone-treated fields compared with untreated fields. Significant differences in the numbers of male P. xylostella caught in pheromone-baited traps occurred between pheromone-treated and untreated fields in the first trial of 1993, and in the first trial in 1994 but not in the second trial. Such differences are often thought of as indications of mating disruption, although our other data presented in this study and reports from other studies indicate this is not always the case. Previous studies on mating disruption of P. xylostella in larger scale field tests have been performed but the results have been variable and often ambiguous. Overall, our results indicate that mating disruption of P. xylostella with the present technology does not appear to work even under the very controlled situations which we utilized to eliminate insect movement between plots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003927725403
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the validity of an approximation for the deviation of a light beam. by a prism (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 69-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.15.Gs; 42.79.Bh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. According to many textbooks on optics, the deviation angle of a prism with the apex angle (or prism angle), γ, and the refractive index, n, with respect to the surrounding medium can be approximated by δappr=(n-1)γ, if γ≪π/2 and the angle of incidence α1≪π/2. The validity of this approximation is investigated considering the relative error of the deviation. It is shown that this approximation can be extended to angles of incidence α1=nγ with very fair accuracy and even to larger prism angles γ〈π/4 in the range of angles of incidence near the minimum of deviation depending on the acceptable relative error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050010
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation of dodecanethiol molecules: application to self-assembled monolayer damage in atom lithography (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 651-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 85.40.Hp; 85.40.Ux; 39.10.+j
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Atom lithography commonly employs self-assem- bled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols which act as resists to protect prepared surfaces. Metastable atomic species such as helium are used to damage the resist, enabling pattern transfer via mask lithography, followed by wet chemical etching. The damage mechanism is, however, not well understood. Here we report studies of fragmentation of dodecanethiol (DDT) molecules embedded in helium nano-droplets that have been irradiated by an electron beam. The results of the charge-transfer fragmentation process provide the first experimental data on the damage mechanisms that occur in the metastable helium/SAM interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050875
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory for the spectral transmittance of Christiansen filters made of glass beads (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 853-861 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 78.35.+c; 42.25.Gy; 42.70.Ce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The spectral transmittance of Christiansen filters made of glass beads immersed in an index-matching fluid is described theoretically based on geometrical optics. The glass beads and the immersion fluid are considered to be homogeneous and free of absorption. The diameter is assumed to be the same for all of the beads. Fresnel reflection and prismatic deviation of the incident light are considered to be the dominant losses in transmission experiments. The parameters for these losses can be estimated a priori by a simple model. Losses by Rayleigh scattering and diffraction can be included by additional parameters to fit the experimental spectral extinction curves. For the range of wavelengths sufficiently far from the transmittance maximum the theoretical results of the model predict that the spectral extinction increases sublinearly with the thickness of the filters, the inverse of the diameter of the glass spheres, and the difference of the refractive indices between the glass and the immersion fluid. Due to the total reflection of the glass spheres, if their refractive index is smaller than that of the immersion fluid, an asymmetry of the spectral transmittance curves is observed. Furthermore, the halfwidth of the spectral transmission passband decreases with increasing thickness of the filters and with decreasing average diameter of the beads for given dispersion curves of the refractive indices. The simple theory to describe the spectral transmittance curves of Christiansen filters made of glass beads quantitatively seems to solve a 100-year-old problem in physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050019
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