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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (278)
  • Springer  (243)
  • Blackwell Science, Ltd
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  • 1
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    Re-Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Data Sets Uncovers Disparate Laboratory-Specific Microbiomes Associated with the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) (2021)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-02
    Print ISSN: 0095-3628
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-184X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Site-directed mutagenesis of intimin α modulates intimin-mediated tissue tropism and host specificity (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 40 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The hallmark of enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherchia coli adhesion to host cells is intimate attachment leading to the formation of distinctive ‘attaching and effacing’ lesions. This event is mediated, in part, by binding of the bacterial adhesion molecule intimin to a second bacterial protein, Tir, delivered by a type III secretion system into the host cell plasma membrane. The receptor-binding activity of intimin is localized to the C-terminal 280 amino acids (Int280) and at least five distinct intimin types (α, β, γ, δ and ε) have been identified thus far. In addition to binding to Tir, intimin can also bind to a component encoded by the host. The consequence of latter intimin-binding activity may determine tissue tropism and host specificity. In this study we selected three amino acids in intimin, which are implicated in Tir binding, for site-directed mutagenesis. We used the yeast two-hybrid system and gel overlays to study intimin–Tir protein interaction. In addition, the biological consequences of the mutagenesis was tested using a number of infection models (cultured epithelial cells, human intestinal explants and a mouse model). We report that while an I237/897A substitution (positions numbered according to Int280α/whole intimin α) in intimin α did not have any affect on its biological activity, a T255/914A substitution attenuated intimin activity in vivo. In contrast, the mutation V252/911A affected tissue targeting in the human intestinal explant model and attenuated the biological activity of intimin in the mouse model. This study provides the first clues of the molecular basis of how intimin mediates tissue tropism and host specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02371.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) LEE2 and LEE3 operons by Ler (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 38 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produces attaching and effacing lesions (AE) on epithelial cells. The genes involved in the formation of the AE lesions are contained within a pathogenicity island named the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). The LEE comprises 41 open reading frames organized in five major operons: LEE1, LEE2, LEE3, LEE4 and tir. The first gene of the LEE1 operon encodes a transcription activator of the other LEE operons that is called the LEE-encoded regulator (Ler). The LEE2 and LEE3 operons are divergently transcribed with overlapping −10 promoter regions, and gene fusion studies have shown that they are both activated by Ler. Deletion analysis, using lacZ reporter fusions, of the LEE2 and LEE3 promoters demonstrated that deletions extending closer to the LEE2 transcription start site than −247 bp lead to loss of activation by Ler, whereas only 70 bp upstream of the LEE3 transcription start site is required for Ler-mediated activation. We have purified Ler as a His-tagged protein and used it to perform DNA-binding assays with LEE2 and LEE3. We observed that Ler bound to a DNA fragment containing the −300 to +1 region of LEE2; however, it failed to bind to a DNA fragment containing the −300 to +1 region of LEE3, suggesting that Ler activates both operons by only binding to the regulatory region upstream of LEE2. The Ler-activatable LEE3::lacZ fusions extended to what would be −246 bp of the LEE2 operon. A lacZ fusion from the −300 to +1 region of LEE3 failed to be activated by Ler, consistent with our hypothesis that Ler activates the expression of LEE2 and LEE3 by binding to a region located downstream of the LEE3 transcription start site. DNase I footprinting revealed that Ler protected a region of 121 bp upstream of LEE2. Purified Ler mutated in the coiled-coil domain was unable to activate transcription and to bind to the LEE2 regulatory region. These data indicate that Ler may bind as a multimer to LEE2 and activate both divergent operons by a novel mechanism potentially involving changes in the DNA structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02168.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coiled-coil proteins associated with type III secretion systems: a versatile domain revisited (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 45 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathogenic potential of many Gram-negative bacteria is indicated by the possession of a specialized type III secretion system that is used to deliver virulence effector proteins directly into the cellular environment of the eukaryotic host. Extracellular assemblies of secreted proteins contrive a physical link between the pathogen and host cytosol and enable the translocated effectors to bypass the bacterial and host membranes in a single step. Subsequent interactions of some effector proteins with host cytoskeletal and signalling proteins result in modulation of the cytoskeletal architecture of the aggressed cell and facilitate entry, survival and dissemination of the pathogen. Although the secreted components of type III secretion systems are diverse, many are predicted to share a common coiled-coil structural feature. Coiled-coils are ubiquitous and highly versatile assembly motifs found in a wide range of structural and regulatory proteins. The prevalence of these domains in secreted virulence effector proteins suggests a fundamental contribution to multiple aspects of their function, and evidence accumulating from functional studies suggests an intrinsic involvement of coiled-coils in subunit assembly, translocation and flexible interactions with multiple bacterial and host proteins. The known functional flexibility that coiled-coil domains confer upon proteins provides insights into some of the pathogenic mechanisms used during interaction with the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03083.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An integral method for the analysis of blood flow (1971)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 33 (1971), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The existing methods to solve the problems of pulsatile flow in the cardiovascular system are based on either linear axisymmetric equations or non-linear one-dimensional equations. The solutions thus obtained give only a mediocre comparison with measurements. In this paper, a non-linear axisymmetric theory is proposed. The starting point of the present theory is a third degree polynomial representation of the velocity profile. Integral methods are then applied to obtain the governing equations. To ascertain the accuracy of the theory proposed above, the calculations for a simple case involving pulsatile flow in a long rigid tube were performed. The results are: (a) the average velocities compare very well with exact solutions and (b) the velocity profiles for a given frequency agree very well with exact solutions for flow in small tubes, but tend to differ as tube size is increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476669
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TheJ/Ψ absorption cross section in nuclei and color screening (1993)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 57 (1993), S. 225-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Data on 120 GeV photoproduction ofJ/Ψ's in nuclear targets are re-examined to extract the absorption cross section forJ/Ψ's in high energy collisions with nucleons. We find σ a =6.6±2.2 mb in contrast with an earlier estimate of 1–2 mb. Comparison of low and high energy data on photon producedJ/Ψ's thus no longer show possible evidence for observable effects of color screening. Examination of representative data on the Feynmanx distributions ofJ/Ψ production by hadrons demonstrates how to extract both the total inelasticJ/Ψ-nucleon cross section and the partial cross section into open charm. We find that the data is inconsistent with any significant contribution from color screening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01565052
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The surface hydroxyl population in bone mineral (1968)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 222 (1968), S. 56-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung der Oberflächen-OH-Gruppen im Knochenmineral, welches als unreiner Hydroxyl-apatit beschrieben werden kann, wurde Lithium-Aluminiumhydrid in Diglymelösung verwendet. Die Menge der OH-Gruppen wurde aus der entwickelten Wasserstoffmenge berechnet. Ein Vergleich der auf diesem Wege ermittelten Menge an OH-Gruppen mit der aus der spezifischen Oberfläche (BET N2-Adsorption) und der Kristallstruktur errechneten zeigt ein Defizit von mehr als 50%. Zur Deutung werden mehrere Möglichkeiten diskutiert. Die Annahme, daß echte Fehlstellen für die Oberflächen-OH-Gruppen vorliegen, wird bevorzugt.
    Notes: Summary Lithium aluminium hydride reagent has been employed in the determination of surface OH groups in bone mineral which may be described as an impure hydroxyapatite. The dehydrated sample is dropped into a diglyme solution of LiAlH4 and hydrogen gas evolution is measured. One mole of hydrogen is evolved by each mole of OH groups. The total surface is previously measured by the B.E.T. nitrogen adsorption method. Thus it is possible to compare the number of surface OH groups found per unit area with that estimated on the basis of the known crystal lattice. Less than fifty percent of the estimated number is found. Several possible explanations for the apparent discrepancy are offered. Perhaps the most compelling one is the suggestion of an actual deficiency of surface hydroxyl groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01507367
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practical optical beamforming networks (1998)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 30 (1998), S. 1033-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A review of optical beamforming techniques is presented. The techniques are subdivided into two broad categories. First, several representative implementations of narrow band, phase-only techniques are summarized. A detailed description of a narrow band architecture realized in our laboratory is presented. The architecture is based on coherent heterodyning of two narrow linewidth Nd:YAG lasers, with a controlled angular beam offset to generate the required microwave phase progression. Second, several representative wideband, true time delay architectures are briefly described. A description of a 'dispersive-prism' based true time-delay technique developed in our laboratory is presented. The results show multi-octave one-dimensional transmit and receive true time-delay beamformer operation, as well as two-dimensional transmit beamformer operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006950928457
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optoelectronic techniques for ultrafast device network analysis to 700 GHz (1996)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 28 (1996), S. 783-800 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent advances in state-of-the-art optoelectronic techniques are presented for small-signal electronic device network analysis. The impetus for optoelectronic approaches is given by the severely inadequate bandwidth coverage of existing measurement techniques. Based on a comparison of the trade-offs offered by various optoelectronic techniques, external electrooptic sampling was chosen. Then, the three basic building blocks of an electrooptic characterization system are discussed, which cover the areas of wide-band signal measurement, generation and transmission. The building blocks are subsequently integrated into a complete electrooptic network analyser system capable of active device characterization over a 100 GHz bandwidth. These capabilities are demonstrated on a heterojunction field-effect transistor with a directly-measured maximum frequency of oscillation of 94 GHz. Then, the performance of the electrooptic network analyser is optimized by minimizing transmission line losses, and by improving signal generation and measurement geometries. The resulting system exhibits an unprecedented single-measurement bandwidth of 700 GHz on passive structures. The system performance is verified by comparing measured results with simple models of the measured passive structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00820149
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A LISP-based system for the study of Schenkerian analysis (1976)
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 10 (1976), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02399139
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