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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (10)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (7)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (5)
  • 2000-2004  (22)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why Has the UK Corporation Tax Raised So Much Revenue? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 25 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We analyse a puzzle in the UK corporation tax: by both historic and international standards, corporation tax revenues have been high while the statutory rate has been reduced. We consider explanations based on changes in the tax law and in economic factors. Changes in the tax law, such as base-broadening measures through reductions in capital allowances, can explain only part of the puzzle. Among the economic explanations, an increase in the size of the corporate sector, mainly caused by expansion of the service sector and improvements in profitability of the financial sector, seems the most likely. To the extent that higher profits, particularly financial sector profits, may have led to high revenues, there are doubts as to whether revenues will continue to be so strong.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2004.tb00543.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONSUMER ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY IN THE DOMESTIC KITCHEN (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The domestic kitchen is an important point of origin for foodborne disease and food safety communication strategies are required to improve food-handling behaviors in the home. A key to the design of effective strategies is an understanding of factors that influence food safety behaviors. Attitudes may influence food safety behaviors and therefore, attitude determination towards food safety in the domestic kitchen is important for development of targeted food safety communication strategies. A questionnaire was administered to consumers (n = 100) representing a cross-section of the population of Cardiff, South Wales. Results showed that attitudes towards implementation of key food safety behaviors including cross contamination, cooking and storage were positive, however, attitudes towards other practices, for example cooling, were negative. Significant correlations (P 〈 0.05) between specific attitudinal responses and respondent demographics were identified, indicating that targeted strategies may be required for different groups of consumers. Results of this study will be discussed within the context of previous consumer food safety research, optimistic-bias and development of communication strategies designed to raise awareness of food safety issues and bring about behavioral improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2004.tb00383.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of reindeer and caribou to human activities (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 19 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Petroleum and mineral exploration and extraction, hydroelectric development, atmospheric transport of contaminants, timber harvesting and tourism are increasing worldwide, especially in the Arctic. This development may adversely affect populations of reindeer/caribou (Rangifer tarandus) which are the basis of subsistence economies for northern indigenous peoples. Our purpose is to present a survey of the literature that has investigated the response of reindeer/caribou to human activities. Individuals and groups of reindeer/caribou: 1) move away from point sources of disturbance; 2) increase activity and energy expenditure near disturbance; 3) delay crossing or fail to cross linear structures; 4) shift away from areas of extensive and intensive development; and 5) are killed by collisions with vehicles and by hunting along roads. Cows and calves during the calving season are the most easily disturbed group. Bulls in general and all reindeer/caribou during insect harassment are least likely to avoid development areas. Estimation of the proportion of a population that is exposed to disturbance and the implications of this exposure to annual energy budgets, survival and productivity of reindeer/caribou has received little attention. Future advances in understanding the implications of human disturbance to reindeer/caribou will require cumulative effects assessment at annual, population and regional scales. Although some level of cumulative effect is likely, clear separation of cumulative effects of development from natural variation in caribou habitat use and demography will be difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2000.tb00329.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Need and opportunity for a North American caribou knowledge cooperative (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 19 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The importance of migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) to northerners, the increasing pressure to extract non-living resources, and predicted global climate change have led researchers, managers and resource users alike to focus on how to improve our knowledge of this unique northern ungulate. Unprecedented threats to caribou sustainability, along with the increasingly acknowledged value of indigenous hunters’contribution to caribou research, pose the additional challenge to innovate research methods that accommodate differing cultural perspectives and facilitate communication among groups. This paper surveys the state of scientific knowledge of the eleven major northern mainland herds of North America. We recommend an approach to improve our working knowledge of barren-ground caribou in order to assess better future impacts. The transfer of knowledge gained from years of research and indigenous experience on many aspects of caribou ecology should be evaluated and, where applicable, transferred to herds with more modest databases. The establishment of a North American Caribou Monitoring and Assessment System, based on a synthesis of local knowledge and research-based science, is recommended as a tool for improved communication and collective learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-8369.2000.tb00336.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The CD14 receptor does not mediate entry of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into human mononuclear phagocytes (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 36 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Prior reports have suggested that CD14 mediates uptake of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into porcine alveolar macrophages and human fetal microglia, but the contribution of CD14 to cell entry in human macrophages has not been studied. To address this question, we used flow cytometry to quantify uptake by human monocytes and alveolar macrophages of M. tuberculosis expressing green fluorescent protein. Neutralizing anti-CD14 antibodies did not affect bacillary uptake and the efficiency of bacillary entry was similar in THP-1 cells expressing low and high levels of CD14. However, most internalized bacteria were found in CD14+ but not in CD14− monocytes because M. tuberculosis infection upregulated CD14 expression. We conclude that: (1) CD14 does not mediate cellular entry by M. tuberculosis; (2) M. tuberculosis infection upregulates CD14 expression on mononuclear phagocytes, and this may facilitate the pathogen's capacity to modulate the immune response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00039-7
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  • 6
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    Derepression of BDNF transcription involves calcium-dependent phosphorylation of MeCP2 (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Mutations in MeCP2, which encodes a protein that has been proposed to function as a global transcriptional repressor, are the cause of Rett syndrome (RT T), an X-linked progressive neurological disorder. Although the selective inactivation of MeCP2 in neurons is sufficient to confer a Rett-like phenotype in mice, the specific functions of MeCP2 in postmitotic neurons are not known. We find that MeCP2 binds selectively to BDNF promoter III and functions to repress expression of the BDNF gene. Membrane depolarization triggers the calcium-dependent phosphorylation and release of MeCP2 from BDNF promoter III, thereby facilitating transcription. These studies indicate that MeCP2 plays a key role in the control of neuronal activity-dependent gene regulation and suggest that the deregulation of this process may underlie the pathology of RT T.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Wen G -- Chang, Qiang -- Lin, Yingxi -- Meissner, Alexander -- West, Anne E -- Griffith, Eric C -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Greenberg, Michael E -- HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS28829/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):885-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*genetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Cloning, Molecular ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Histones/metabolism ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Precipitin Tests ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Rats ; *Repressor Proteins ; Rett Syndrome/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Detection of daily clouds on Titan (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-20
    Description: We have discovered frequent variations in the near-infrared spectrum of Titan, Saturn's largest moon, which are indicative of the daily presence of sparse clouds covering less than 1% of the area of the satellite. The thermodynamics of Titan's atmosphere and the clouds' altitudes suggest that convection governs their evolutions. Their short lives point to the presence of rain. We propose that Titan's atmosphere resembles Earth's, with clouds, rain, and an active weather cycle, driven by latent heat release from the primary condensible species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Griffith, C A -- Hall, J L -- Geballe, T R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):509-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-6010, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11039930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Methane ; Rain ; *Saturn ; Spectrum Analysis ; Sunlight ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Cooperation of GGAs and AP-1 in packaging MPRs at the trans-Golgi network (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: The Golgi-localized, gamma-ear-containing, adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor-binding proteins (GGAs) are multidomain proteins that bind mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) in the Golgi and have an essential role in lysosomal enzyme sorting. Here the GGAs and the coat protein adaptor protein-1 (AP-1) were shown to colocalize in clathrin-coated buds of the trans-Golgi networks of mouse L cells and human HeLa cells. Binding studies revealed a direct interaction between the hinge domains of the GGAs and the gamma-ear domain of AP-1. Further, AP-1 contained bound casein kinase-2 that phosphorylated GGA1 and GGA3, thereby causing autoinhibition. This could induce the directed transfer of the MPRs from GGAs to AP-1. MPRs that are defective in binding to GGAs are poorly incorporated into AP-1-containing clathrin-coated vesicles. Thus, the GGAs and AP-1 interact to package MPRs into AP-1-containing coated vesicles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doray, Balraj -- Ghosh, Pradipta -- Griffith, Janice -- Geuze, Hans J -- Kornfeld, Stuart -- R01 CA-08759/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1700-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-Ribosylation Factors/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Receptor, IGF Type 2/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; trans-Golgi Network/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Tissue engineering--current challenges and expanding opportunities (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Tissue engineering can be used to restore, maintain, or enhance tissues and organs. The potential impact of this field, however, is far broader-in the future, engineered tissues could reduce the need for organ replacement, and could greatly accelerate the development of new drugs that may cure patients, eliminating the need for organ transplants altogether.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Griffith, Linda G -- Naughton, Gail -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1009-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, and Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. griff@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bioreactors ; Blood Vessels/physiology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Culture Techniques ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Skin Transplantation ; Stem Cells/physiology ; *Tissue Engineering/instrumentation/methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Evidence for the exposure of water ice on Titan's surface (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: The smoggy stratosphere of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, veils its surface from view, except at narrow wavelengths centered at 0.83, 0.94, 1.07, 1.28, 1.58, 2.0, 2.9, and 5.0 micrometers. We derived a spectrum of Titan's surface within these "windows" and detected features characteristic of water ice. Therefore, despite the hundreds of meters of organic liquids and solids hypothesized to exist on Titan's surface, its icy bedrock lies extensively exposed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Griffith, Caitlin A -- Owen, Tobias -- Geballe, Thomas R -- Rayner, John -- Rannou, Pascal -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):628-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA. griffith@lpl.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Monoxide ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Ice ; Methane ; Organic Chemicals ; *Saturn ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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