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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensory Modeling of Coffee with a Fuzzy Neural Network (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Models were constructed to predict sensory evaluation scores from the blending ratio of coffee beans. Twenty-two blended coffees were prepared from 3 representative beans and were evaluated with respect to 10 sensory attributes by 5 coffee cup-tasters and by models constructed using the response surface method (RSM), multiple regression analysis (MRA), and a fuzzy neural network (FNN). The RSM and MRA models showed good correlations for some sensory attributes, but lacked sufficient overall accuracy. The FNN model exhibited high correlations for all attributes, clearly demonstrated the relationships between blending ratio and flavor characteristics, and was accurate enough for practical use. FNN, thus, constitutes a powerful tool for accelerating product development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb11411.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insertional mutagenesis and characterization of a polyketide synthase gene (PKS1) required for melanin biosynthesis in Bipolaris oryzae (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 238 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A polyketide synthase gene named PKS1, involved in the melanin biosynthesis pathway of the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris oryzae, was isolated using restriction enzyme-mediated integration. Sequence analysis showed that the PKS1 encodes a putative protein that has 2155 amino acids and significant similarity to other fungal polyketide synthases. Targeted disruption of the PKS1 gene showed that it is necessary for melanin biosynthesis in B. oryzae. Northern blot analysis showed that PKS1 transcripts were specifically enhanced by near-ultraviolet radiation (300–400 nm) and that its temporal transcriptional patterns were similar to those of THR1 and SCD1 genes involved in the melanin biosynthesis pathway of B. oryzae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09729.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemical and isotopic studies of aeolian sediments in China (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Sr and Nd isotopic, rare earth element (REE) and major element compositions, together with mineral and grain-size proportions, are reported for aeolian loess deposits and desert sands from several Chinese localities. The study was carried out in order to examine regional variations in the isotopic and geochemical features of these aeolian sediments, and to constrain the provenance of Chinese loess. Samples include loesses from the Tarim and Junggar basins and desert sands from the Taklimakan desert in north-west China, loess from the Ordos area and desert sands from the Tengger and Mu-us deserts in north-central China, as well as loess and desert sands from the Naiman area, north-east China. REE distributions show minimal variation among the Chinese loess deposits, whereas those for the desert sands show regional variations. New isotopic data document a latitudinal variation in Sr and Nd isotopic features for the loesses and desert sands. The Naiman and Junggar loesses have distinctly lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios and higher εNd(0) values than the loesses from the Tarim Basin, the Ordos area and the Loess Plateau. Among the desert sands, the Naiman samples have higher εNd(0) values than the Taklimakan, Tengger and Mu-us samples. Isotopic data suggest that loesses of the Loess Plateau were supplied from the Tarim Basin loesses and Taklimakan Desert sand, and that the Naiman loesses were supplied from the Junggar Basin loesses. The latitudinal variation in the loesses and desert sands may be partly explained by isotopic variations reported previously for moraines from the Tianshan and west Kunlun Mountains, which are possible sources for the loesses and desert sands. These inferences on the provenance of the loesses and desert sands are consistent with the dust transport pattern over East Asia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00618.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monodansylcadaverine inhibits cytotoxicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct hemolysin on cultured rat embryonic fibroblast cells (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 196 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The mechanism of action of Vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) on cultured cells still remains unclear. We show that addition of osmotic stabilizers, such as polyethylene glycol and dextran, could not protect cultured rat embryonic fibroblast cells (Rat-1) against cytotoxicity induced by TDH, unlike their protection against the hemolytic activity of TDH. By contrast, 100 μM monodansylcadaverine, as well as the presence of 1 mM ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) in medium, protected the cells against cytotoxicity of TDH. Binding of TDH to Rat-1 cells and intracellular localization of TDH were affected by monodansylcadaverine and EGTA as analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. On the hemolytic activity of TDH, monodansylcadaverine and EGTA had no effect. These results suggest that the mechanism of cytotoxicity of TDH on Rat-1 cells was different from that of hemolytic activity of TDH on red blood cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10548.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct hemolysin can induce an apoptotic cell death in Rat-1 cells from inside and ouside of the cells (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 195 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rat-1 cells exposed to Vibrio parahaemolyticus thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) developed morphological changes including shrinkage of the cells and reduction in the size of nuclei. Cells either microinjected with TDH or transfected with the tdh gene also showed morphological changes similar to those induced by externally added toxin. Furthermore, TDH-exposed or tdh-transfected cells both showed chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation which suggest cells undergoing apoptosis. In contrast, expression of a TDH mutant (R7) did not reveal any cytotoxic effects. We demonstrate that expressed TDH was distributed in the cytoplasm. The interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-related protease inhibitor ZVAD-FMK did not inhibit TDH cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that TDH can induce its cytotoxicity both from outside and from inside the cells and killed the cells through apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10527.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of a novel esterase promising for the production of useful compounds from Microbacterium sp. 7-1W (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 206 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A novel esterase catalyzing regioselective hydrolysis was purified from the membrane fraction of Microbacterium sp. 7-1W, and characterized. The enzyme was solubilized with Brij 58 and purified 13.8-fold to apparent homogeneity with 2.58% overall recovery. The relative molecular mass of the native enzyme as estimated by gel filtration was more than 600 000 Da, and the subunit molecular mass was 62 000 Da. The enzyme catalyzed cleavage of the terminal ester bonds of cetraxate esters and pantothenate esters. The Km and Vmax values for methyl cetraxate were 0.380 mM and 7.76 μmole min−1 mg−1 protein, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by serine hydrolase inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11013.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of benzyl ether bonds of lignin by ruminal microbes (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 187 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We examined microbial activity in the rumen to cleave benzyl ether bonds of lignin model compounds that fluoresced when the bonds were cleaved. 4-Methylumbelliferone veratryl ether dimer was degraded completely within 8 h even in the presence of fungicidal antibiotics, but no significant degradation occurred with bactericidal antibiotics. Degradation of a phenolic β-O-4 trimer incorporating 4-methylumbelliferone by a benzyl ether linkage was stimulated by ruminal microbes, although its corresponding non-phenolic model compound, 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-O-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-3-propanol, was not degraded. A coniferyl dehydrogenation polymer bearing fluorescent β-O-4 benzyl ether that contains both phenolic and non-phenolic benzyl ether bonds was partially degraded (about 20%) in 48 h. These results suggest that ruminal microbes decompose benzyl ether linkages of lignin polymers under anaerobic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09129.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spring cannibalism on 1 year walleye pollock in the Doto area, northern Japan: is it density dependent? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 59 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cannibalism in walleye pollock off the eastern coast of the Hokkaido Island, Japan was important only during spring (April to June), and its importance increased from 0% in dry mass for 〈200 mm LS fish to 48·9% for 〉400 mm LS fish. Most of the prey was represented by age 1 year fish, showing a unimodal body size distribution with a mode at 121–130 mm. Although cannibal body size was larger in deeper (〉150 m) water, there was no difference in prey size by depth, suggesting impingement of the predators inhabiting deeper water into the shallow areas to cannibalize 1 year fish. The minimum ratio cannibal: prey size was 1·74. There was a positive but non-significant correlation between the contribution of cannibalism to a potential predator's (〉300 mm) diet and an estimate of the previous year's recruitment. This was due to an extremely high contribution of cannibalism during 1992, when a distinctly larger size of predators seemed to bias the contribution. When the 1992 data were removed from the analysis, a significant correlation was obtained (r2=0·77, P〈0·01), showing that Pollock cannibalism is rather density dependent. Based on the results, it is hypothesized that the‘overflow’ of 1 year fish from the shelf waters due to their high abundance and the weak stratification in the spring water column results in increased co-occurrence with adult fish and consequent cannibalism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb02368.x
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