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  • Articles  (41)
  • Springer  (41)
  • 2000-2004  (39)
  • 1935-1939  (2)
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  • Articles  (41)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structures of four complexes produced by reaction of copper(I) cyanide with imidazoles (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: CuCN complexes ; imidazolium complexes ; bridging CN groups ; one-dimensional polymers ; two-dimensional polymers ; disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Four complexes of CuCN with imidazoles have been prepared by adding the ligand to a solution of CuCN in aqueous sodium thiosulfate. The imidazole ligands used were 2-methylimidazole (mim), 1,2-dimethylimidazole (dmim), 5-chloro-1-methylimidazole (clmim), and 2-phenylimidazole (phim). Complex 1, (CuCN)(mim) is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 9.565(3), b = 7.764(5), c = 8.983(8) Å, β = 96.76(3)°, Z, = 4, Complex 2, (CuCN)(dmim) is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 8.120(2), b = 11.796(4), c = 16.375(9) Å, β, = 100.87(4)°, Z = 8. Complex 3, (CuCN) (clmim) is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 24.907(4), b = 6.894(5), c = 18.259(4) Å, β = 102.79(2)°, Z = 16. Complex 4, (CuCN)(phim) is orthorhombic, Pca21, a = 9.204(4), b = 8.125(2), c = 26.304(6) Å, Z, = 8. Complexes 1, 2, and 4 have one-dimensional chains –Cu–CN–Cu– with an imidazole bonded to each Cu. Complex 3 has a two-dimensional sheet of CuCN, again with an imidazole bonded to each Cu. In 1 the imidazole group is disordered by a two-fold rotation approximately around the N···N direction in the imidazole group. In 3 one of the imidazole groups has a disorder involving exchange of the Cl and CH3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009529905538
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopy and Continuous Wave Near-Infrared Stimulated Emission of New Yttrium Gallium Garnet {Y3}[Y, Ga](Ga3)O12:Nd3+ (YGaO3:Nd3+) (2000)
    Springer
    Optical review 7 (2000), S. 101-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: solid-state lasers ; new laser ; yttrium gallium garnet ; Nd3+ion ; disordered laser crystal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Detailed spectroscopic investigations are made for a new laser material, a Nd3+-ion doped YGaO3 garnet crystal with disordered structure, grown from the physicochemical Y2O3-Ga2O3 system with sesquioxide relation close to 1:1. Following absorption and luminescence spectral analyses, the Stark splitting of the 4F3/2 and 4Ij’ manifolds of Nd3+ activators are measured with high accuracy. Between the Stark levels of two near-infrared laser channels (4F3/2→4I11/2 and 4F3/2→4I13/2) low-threshold continuous wave stimulated emission was excited at 300 K. Some spectroscopic characteristics, such as radiative lifetime of the initial laser 4F3/2 state, intermanifold and inter-Stark luminescence branching ratios, linewidths, spontaneous transition probabilities and peak and effective cross-sections of induced transitions are also determined. These parameters are necessary for a theoretical description of the functional properties of Nd3+:YGaO3 lasers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-000-0101-2
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multi-scale simulation of an extreme downslope windstorm over complex topography (2000)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 74 (2000), S. 83-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary A severe localized windstorm, with near-surface winds 〉 60 ms−1, occurred in an isolated valley within the Alpine mountains (〉 1800 m) of central Norway on 31 January 1995. A multi-scale numerical simulation of the event was performed with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)’s Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS), configured with four nested grids telescoping down to 1-km horizontal resolution. The windstorm occurred in response to topographic blocking and deformation of a lower-tropospheric warm front and attendant jet (〉 35 ms−1 at 2 km). The key findings are: i) mountain wave resonance and amplification arising from the interaction of the surface-based front and jet with complex orography, ii) sensitivity of the wave response to differential diabatic heating (vertical) gradients above the front, and iii) trapped response within the layer of large frontal stratification in the lower troposphere and subsequent amplification consistent with the theoretically-established two-layer windstorm analogue of Durran (1986).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007030070027
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collision Probabilities for Keplerian Orbits (2000)
    Springer
    Space debris 2 (2000), S. 161-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9664
    Keywords: impact risk analysis ; orbital debris environment ; probability of collision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We present a new derivation of the probability of collisions between spherical satellites occupying Keplerian orbits. The equations follow from the central concept of the instantaneous collision rate, an expression that describes the occurrence of collisions by using a Dirac δ-function. The derivation proceeds by showing how this instantaneous collision rate can be averaged over orbital mean anomaly angles and, additionally, over orbital precession angles to generate expressions appropriate for intermediate and long time scales. Collision rates averaged over mean anomalies tend to be non-zero during relatively brief collision seasons, when the peak collision probability may exceed the long-term average by several orders of magnitude. Derived precession-angle averages have a functional form similar but not identical to the collision probability expression derived using the spatial density approach of Kessler (Icarus, 48: 39–48, 1981), and the two methods have been found to yield numerical results to within 1% for all cases examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022916401768
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mannose selection system for production of fertile transgenic maize plants from protoplasts (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 654-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Maize ; Protoplast ; Transformation ; Mannose-selection marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Maize (Zea mays L.) callus cultures cannot use mannose as a sole carbohydrate source, but can utilize fructose for that purpose. Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) can convert mannose to fructose. Transgenic maize plants were obtained by selecting polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformed protoplasts on mannose (20 g/l) containing medium. Transgenic calluses and plants carrying the PMI structural gene, manA, were able to convert mannose to fructose. The PEG-mediated protoplast transformation frequency was 0.06%. Stable transformation was confirmed by PCR, PMI activity, germination tests, and by histochemical staining with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide (X-Gluc). Stable integration of the transgenes into the maize genome was demonstrated in T1 and T2 plants. Results indicate that the mannose selection system can be used for maize PEG-mediated protoplast transformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002999900181
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-axis optical fiber acclerometer (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 959-961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006764121038
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid Helium and Liquid Neon-Sensitive, Low Background Scintillation Media for the Detection of Low Energy Neutrinos (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 118 (2000), S. 153-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The use of liquid helium and neon as scintillators for neutrino detection is investigated. Several unique properties of these cryogens make them promising candidates for real-time solar neutrino spectroscopy: large ultraviolet scintillation yields from ionizing radiation, transparency to their own scintillation light, and low levels of radioactive impurities. When neutrinos scatter from electrons in liquid helium or neon, ultraviolet light is emitted. The ultraviolet scintillation light can be efficiently converted to the visible with wavelength shifting films. In this way the neutrino-electron scattering events can be detected by photomultiplier tubes at room temperature. We conclude that the solar neutrino flux from the p+p→e++d+ν e reaction could be characterized and monitored versus time using a 10 ton mass of liquid helium or neon as a scintillation target.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004690906370
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Economics of Monomedia and Cross-Media Expansion: A Study of the Case Favouring Deregulation of TV and Newspaper Ownership in the U.K. (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cultural economics 24 (2000), S. 1-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6997
    Keywords: concentration ; convergence ; cross-media ownership ; economies of scale ; media policy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Art History , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Since the early 1990s, regulators across the globehave faced increasing pressure from media firms toliberalise domestic media and cross-media ownershiprestrictions. Based on empirical research carried outin the U.K., this paper examines the ``economic'' case putforward in favour of deregulation. Findings suggestthat, although factors other than size will affectperformance, there is generally a strong and positivecorrelation between the market share and the operatingprofitability of firms involved in either televisionor radio broadcasting or newspaperpublishing. But, with regard to cross-media ownershipof television and newspapers, there is nocompelling evidence that diagonal integration bringsabout inherent synergies, economies of scope or othereconomic benefits. Thus, whereas a variety ofeconomic efficiency gains may be available to justifya relaxation of restrictions over monomedia expansion,few such benefits can be found in support ofderegulating cross-ownership of television andnewspapers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007599617438
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polar Plumes and Inter-plume regions as observed by SUMER on SOHO (2000)
    Springer
    Solar physics 194 (2000), S. 43-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present observations of O vi 1032 Å line profiles obtained with the SUMER instrument on SOHO extending from the solar disk to 1.5 R ⊙ above the limb in the north polar coronal hole. Variations of the intensity and linewidth in the polar plume and inter-plume regions are investigated. We find an anti-correlation between the intensity and the linewidth in the plume and inter-plume regions with detailed plume structures been seen out to 1.5 R ⊙. Possible implications regarding the magnetic topologies of these two regions and related heating mechanisms are discussed. The O vi linewidth measurements are combined with UVCS output to provide an overview of its variations with height extending up to 3.5 R ⊙. We find a linear increase of the linewidth from 1 to 1.2 R ⊙, then a plateau followed by a sharp increase around 1.5 R ⊙.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005253413687
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-Period Oscillations in Polar Plumes as Observed by cds on Soho (2000)
    Springer
    Solar physics 196 (2000), S. 63-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We examine spectral time series of the transition region line O v 629Å, observed with the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on the SOHO spacecraft in July 1997. Both Fourier and wavelet transforms have been applied independently to the analysis of plume oscillations in order to find the most reliable periods. The wavelet analysis allows us to derive the duration as well as the periods of the oscillations. Our observations indicate the presence of compressional waves with periods of 10–25 min. We have also detected a 11±1 min periodicity in the network regions of the north polar coronal hole. The waves are produced in short bursts with coherence times of about 30 min. We interpret these oscillations as outward propagating slow magneto-acoustic waves, which may contribute significantly to the heating of the lower corona by compressive dissipation and which may also provide enough energy flux for the acceleration of the fast solar wind. The data support the idea that the same driver is responsible for the network and plume oscillations with the network providing the magnetic channel through which the waves propagate upwards from the lower atmosphere to the plumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005265230456
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