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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aberrant chloroplasts in transgenic rice plants expressing a high level of maize NADP-dependent malic enzyme (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 211 (2000), S. 265-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Chlorophyll a/b ratio ; C4 photosynthesis ; Grana development ; NADP-malic enzyme ; Oryza (transgenic) ; Photosystem II activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) is a major decarboxylating enzyme in NADP-ME-type C4 species such as maize and Flaveria. In this study, chloroplastic NADP-ME was transferred to rice (Oryza sativa L.) using a chimeric gene composed of maize NADP-ME cDNA under the control of rice light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b-binding protein (Cab) promoter. There was a 20- to 70-fold increase in the NADP-ME activity in leaves of transgenic rice compared to that in wild-type rice plants. Immunocytochemical studies by electron microscopy showed that maize NADP-ME was mostly localized in chloroplasts in transgenic rice plants, and that the chloroplasts were agranal without thylakoid stacking. Chlorophyll content and photosystem II activity were inversely correlated with the level of NADP-ME activity. These results suggest that aberrant chloroplasts in transgenic plants may be caused by excessive NADP-ME activity. Based on these results and the known fact that only bundle sheath cells of NADP-ME species, among all three C4 subgroups, have agranal chloroplasts, we postulate that a high level of chloroplastic NADP-ME activity could strongly affect the development of chloroplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000282
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Method of Analyzing Edge Effect in Phase Contrast Imaging with Incoherent X-rays (2000)
    Springer
    Optical review 7 (2000), S. 566-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: phase contrast ; incoherent X-ray ; edge effect ; half-width of edge enhancement ; Cu ; Mo ; W anodes X-ray tubes ; refraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method has been devised to calculate the half-width of the phase contrast enhanced edge of an X-ray- image with incoherent X-rays. This method is based on changes in the wave fronts of X-rays after penetrating an object, and it takes into account the blur due to penumbra observed in practical radiographic imaging. The method closely predicted edge enhancement when images of a plastic fiber were produced with practical X-ray tubes (Cu, Mo, and W anodes with focus-diameters of 10,100, and 40 μ, respectively). Thus, the method shows promise in facilitating phase contrast X-ray imaging in both medical radiography and non-destructive inspection using incoherent X-rays from X-ray tubes with substantial focus-sizes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-000-0566-z
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