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  • Springer Nature  (210)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (54)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 2000-2004  (181)
  • 1940-1944  (92)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling of Aquifer Stratigraphy, South Carolina (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 38 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Deterministic and stochastic methods of three-dimensional hydrogeologic modeling are applied to characterization of contaminated Eocene aquifers at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. The results address several important issues, including the use of multiple types of data in creating high-resolution aquifer models and the application of sequence-stratigraphic constraints. Specific procedures used include defining grid architecture stratigraphically, upscaling, modeling lithologic properties, and creating multiple equiprobable realizations of aquifer stratigraphy. An important question answered by the study is how to incorporate gamma-ray borehole-geophysical data in areas of anomalous log response, which occurs commonly in aquifers and confining units of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and other areas. To overcome this problem, gamma-ray models were conditioned to grain-size and lithofacies realizations. The investigation contributes to identifying potential pathways for downward migration of contaminants, which have been detected in confined aquifers at the modeling site.The approach followed in this investigation produces quantitative, stratigraphically constrained, geocellular models that incorporate multiple types of data from borehole-geophysical logs and continuous cores. The use of core-based stochastic realizations in conditioning deterministic models provides the advantage of incorporating lithologic information based on direct observations of cores rather than using only indirect measurements from geophysical logs. The high resolution of the models is demonstrated by the representation of thin, discontinuous clay beds that act as local barriers to flow. The models are effective in depicting the contrasts in geometry and heterogeneity between sheet-like nearshore-transgressive sands and laterally discontinuous sands of complex shoreline environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00339.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pH on the activity of bovicin HC5, a bacteriocin from Streptococcus bovis HC5 (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 231 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The bacteriocin, bovicin HC5, catalyzed potassium efflux from Streptococcus bovis JB1, and this activity was highly pH dependent. When the pH was near neutral, glucose-energized cells were not affected by bovicin HC5, but the intracellular steady-state concentration of potassium decreased at acidic pH values. The idea that pH was affecting bovicin HC5 binding was supported by the observation that acidic pH also enhanced the efflux of potassium from non-energized cells that had been loaded with potassium. The relationship between bovicin HC5 concentration and potassium depletion was a saturation function, but cooperativity plots indicated that the binding of one bovicin molecule to the cell membrane facilitated the binding of another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00922-4
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The steady-state orgA specific mRNA levels in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are repressed by oxygen during logarithmic growth phase but not early-stationary phase (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 236 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The orgA gene from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is involved in promoting cellular invasion of the pathogen. Its exact role in virulence is still unclear mainly due to difficulties in understanding its complex regulation. In this study a novel competitive RT-PCR (cRT-PCR) system was developed to measure the steady-state orgA specific mRNA levels in cells under various growth parameters. Previous studies have been inconsistent regarding oxygen regulation of orgA. Using our system we found that oxygen repressed the copy levels 3.5-fold in cells grown only to logarithmic phase. Oxygen repression was not observed in cells grown to early-stationary phase, a parameter that has previously been demonstrated to be the most invasive stage of growth. The importance of NaCl in orgA gene regulation is also illustrated. Significant increases in copy numbers were observed after growth in high NaCl conditions. Measuring the steady-state mRNA levels using cRT-PCR provides an accurate insight into prokaryotic gene regulation prior to translation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09628.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free-Product Recovery of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Liquids (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 20 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Recovery wells remain the principle technology for removal of free-product hydrocarbon liquids from the subsurface. This paper presents simple models for estimating hydrocarbon recovery rates using wells and vacuum-enhanced systems. Use of LNAPL volume balance between LNAPL recovery rate and formation free-product volume leads to development of algebraic equations that can be used to estimate recovery times. Selection of model parameters is discussed, model comparisons are made, and applications are presented for design and analysis of recovery systems using wells. Model validation is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2000.tb00280.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decision Analysis for Pump-and-Treat Design (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 20 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The use of decision analysis (DA) has been proposed as a technique for selecting from among alternative designs for subsurface remediation. To assess the ability of DA to generate consistent decisions for the widely practiced pump-and-treat (PAT) strategy, 27 candidate PAT designs were compared for a case study site. The sensitivity of the alternative selection to various modeling assumptions was examined, including the complexity of the site-specific numerical models, the assumed degree of aquifer heterogeneity, the manner of defining failure, and the assumed cost of failure. The initial net-present-worth analysis resulted in the selection of one of two designs that included injection wells for effluent disposal and hydraulic control. However, when the injection wells were excluded from consideration, the selection from a diverse set of alternative PAT designs was highly sensitive to the particular modeling assumptions. In general, the practical usefulness of the DA approach is dependent on the ability to characterize the nature and probability of system failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2000.tb00281.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method Development and Generation of Profiles for Selected Phenolics from Apple Cultivars Used for Processed Products (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Profiles of selected phenolic constituents of 2 apple cultivars, Northern Spy and Ida Red, commonly used for processed products were compared. Although chlorogenic acid was the principal phenolic in both cultivars, there were significant quantitative differences. A new solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation using polymeric resins was developed for this experiment. Quantification was by ultra-violet (UV) absorbance using a diode array detector. The performance of this new method was compared with that of a published liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method, based on linearity of detector response, limits of detection, reproducibility of analysis, and recoveries from spiked apple samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08822.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simplified Kinetic Scheme of Flavor Formation by the Maillard Reaction (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The simplified kinetic scheme presented categorizes the volatile compounds into 4 classes: pyrroles and other nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds (PY), furans and other oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds (FU), carbonyls (C), and pyrazines (PZ). The scheme comprises 11 reaction steps. The order of magnitude of the reaction rate for some of these steps could be determined from literature sources. Using these rates, the scheme was able to correlate the pseudo-zero-order rate of generation of FU and PZ (from the literature) to the initial temperature and concentration of reactants. It also reproduces the kinetics of volatile formation in a model glucose-alanine system in a glycerol matrix, as measured for 4 temperatures by GC-MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08772.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blanch Time and Cultivar Effects on Quality of Frozen and Stored Corn and Broccoli (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three corn and 2 broccoli cultivars were steam blanched for various times and evaluated for residual enzyme activity. Lipoxygenase was inactivated in 4 min in supersweet corn, while sweet corn required a 6-min blanch; peroxidase was inactivated in 8 min. Inactivation of broccoli lipoxygenase, peroxidase, and cystine lyase was achieved in 90 s. Blanched samples were stored 9 mo at –18 °C, then analyzed for color, texture, hexanal, free fatty acids, and sugars. Firmness increased significantly with blanching in both commodities, then declined. Short blanch treatments targeting lipoxygenase inactivation positively affected color and texture of both corn and broccoli. Changes in current industry practices are recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb16043.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identifying Optimum Locations for Tropical Testing of United States Army Materiel and Systems (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 25 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: This paper is an example of applied military geography focusing on a particular problem arising from the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977. One of the provisions of the treaty required the United States (US) military to completely withdraw from and relinquish its military and government facilities to the Republic of Panama prior to midnight on 31 December 1999. In so doing, the US army turned over to the Panama government all of its military bases, some of which had been used since World War I to test materiel, equipment and systems within a tropical environment. Given its global mission and responsibilities, the US army has a well-established practice of testing its materiel, equipment and systems throughout the entire range of potential operating environments. The US experience in the Pacific in World War II and in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War clearly demonstrated the need to test the performance of new equipment under the harsh conditions found in tropical jungles. Furthermore, since 1960, nearly 75 per cent of all international and internal armed conflicts have been in countries that are totally or partially in the tropics. This paper presents the findings of a scientific panel that was organised to propose a new location for testing US army materiel and systems within a tropical environment. Rather than simply choosing a location analogous to Panama, the panel sought to develop a methodology that could be employed for site selection based on any set of environmental criteria. This study is a classical locational analysis and reconfirms the integrative nature of geography and its utility for solving complex problems that cut across disciplinary boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0129-7619.2004.00175.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence tagged site markers linked to the sbm1 gene for resistance to pea seedborne mosaic virus in pea (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Resistance to pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) pathotype P-1 in peas is conferred by sbm1 with recessive inheritance. PSbMV is an economically important pathogen with world-wide distribution that causes significant losses in pea yield and reduces seed and produce quality. The sbm1 gene was previously mapped to linkage group VI on molecular linkage maps of the pea genome. To improve plant breeders’ ability to develop varieties resistant to PSbMV, two random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (G05_2537 and L01_910) and one restriction fragment length polymorphism (P446) linked to sbm1 have been identified. The genomic sequences for these markers have been characterized and the information used to develop three simple polymerase chain reaction-based STS (sequence tagged site) assays. Linkage analysis in two F2 populations showed that the most tightly linked of these three STS loci (sG05_2537) is approximately 4 cM from sbm1. Characterization of a collection of resistant and susceptible germplasm demonstrated a strong correlation between STS alleles and sbm1 alleles, indicating the utility of these markers for marker-assisted selection in breeding programmes using a range of germplasm sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00761.x
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