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  • Springer  (209)
  • 2000-2004  (208)
  • 1945-1949  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precise Real-Time Positioning in WADGPS Networks (2000)
    Springer
    GPS solutions 4 (2000), S. 68-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1521-1886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: In recent years the importance of real-time positioning and navigation with the Global Positioning System (GPS) has grown rapidly. Starting from the establishment of differential GPS (DGPS) reference stations for marine and land navigation, new users and applications have emerged that resulted in a high demand for the establishment of a high-density network of reference stations around the world. Many countries have established their own DGPS service, which is either governmentally or commercially owned. These services are referred to as Local Area DGPS Systems (LADGPS). However, the costs for the establishment and maintenance of a dense network of reference stations are very high. Therefore Wide Area DGPS Systems (WADGPS) are being developed to overcome the main drawbacks of LADGPS. In this case, only a few reference stations are used to cover a large area, such s a continent like Europe. To achieve high positioning accuracies, real-time modeling of the main error sources for long-range baselines is required as errors in the satellite orbit and ionospheric refraction do not cancel entirely in double differencing. In this article, a real-time correction model based on the Kalman filter for WADGPS and networked LADGPS services is discussed and results of field tests in a WADGPS network in Europe are presented. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012844
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of an ATM switch for handoff support (2000)
    Springer
    Wireless networks 6 (2000), S. 411-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In a wireless ATM system, a network must provide seamless services to mobile users. To support this, mobility function should be added to existing ATM networks. Through a handoff operation, a mobile user can receive a service from the network without disconnecting the communication. A handoff results in connection path rerouting during an active connection. To avoid cell loss during a handoff, cell buffering and rerouting are required in the network. A handoff switch is a connection breakdown point on an original connection path in the network from which a new connection sub‐path is established. It performs cell buffering and rerouting during a handoff. Cell buffering and rerouting can introduce a cell out‐of‐sequence problem. In this paper we propose a handoff switch architecture with a shared memory. The architecture performs cell buffering and rerouting efficiently by managing logical queues of virtual connections in the shared memory and sorting head‐of‐line cells for transmission, thus achieving in‐sequence cell delivery during a handoff. We also present simulation results to understand the impacts of handoffs on switch performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019239225687
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient Wavelength Assignment Algorithms for Light Paths in WDM Optical Networks With/Without Wavelength Conversion (2000)
    Springer
    Photonic network communications 2 (2000), S. 349-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8188
    Keywords: wavelength routing ; non-wavelength continuous ; wavelength continuous ; NWC ; WC ; one-wavelength-decrease cost
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In order to reduce the overall wavelength number required in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network with static traffic loading, new heuristic algorithms for wavelength assignment are proposed in this paper. A new parameter called “one-wavelength-decrease cost” is defined and used to compare the efficiency of these algorithms. Comparative simulation studies have been carried out for various network topologies to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026518614126
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new harvest operation cost model to evaluate forest harvest layout alternatives (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 95 (2000), S. 115-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: harvest scheduling problem ; operations research modeling ; example problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we develop a new model for harvest operation costs that can be used to evaluate stands for potential harvest. The model is based on felling, extraction, and access costs and is unique in its consideration of the interaction between harvest area shapes and access roads. We illustrate the model and evaluate the impact of stand size, volume, and road cost when determining harvest layouts. We also present a generalized case where multiple unit road costs are considered in the same stand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018914527037
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significant improvement on the electroluminescence characteristics of MEH-PPV by blending with PMMA (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 7 (2000), S. 175-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) ; Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) ; Light emitting diode ; Near-field scanning optical micrographs (NSOM) ; Electroluminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A significant improvement on the electroluminescence threshold voltage from 5.5 volts down to 2.9 volts of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) in the Ca/polymer/ITO diode is observed by incorporating a non-conjugated PMMA into MEH-PPV. The threshold voltage of the material decreases with the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) content. Near-field scanning absorption and photoluminescence micrographs show that the PMMA domains dispersed in the continuous MEH-PPV phase appear to be similar to sesame seeds embedded in the MEH-PPV pancakes. The resistivity of PMMA is two orders lower than that of MEH-PPV. The excellent electrical conduction of PMMA in Ca/PMMA/ITO glass devices is not due to a pin-hole defect mechanism but may result from the electron hopping from Ca through the carbonyl groups in the PMMA. The significant improvement in the threshold voltage may be due to the combination of the electron hopping in the thin PMMA sesame seeds and the thinner thickness effect of MEH-PPV in the light emitting layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0118-8
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel Synthesis of 2-Fluoroalkyl Quinolines (2000)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 131 (2000), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Keywords. α-Fluoroalkyl aldehyde; α-Fluoroalkyl cyclohexanone; Aniline; 2-Fluoroalkyl quinoline; 2-Fluoroalkyl benzoxazole; Acetic acid.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung.  2-Fluoralkylchinoline werden durch Reaktion von Anilin mit α-Fluoraldehyden oder α-Fluorcyclohexanonen in Gegenwart von Essigsäure dargestellt. Unter denselben Reaktionsbedingungen gibt 2-Aminophenol die entsprechenden 2-Fluoralkyl-8-chinolinole; in manchen Fällen werden 2-Fluoralkylbenzoxazole als Nebenprodukte gebildet.
    Notes: Summary.  2-Fluoroalkyl quinolines are prepared by reacting aniline with α-fluoroalkyl aldehydes or α-fluoroalkyl cyclohexanones in the presence of acetic acid. Under the same reaction condition, 2-aminophenol gives the corresponding 2-fluoroalkyl-8-quinolinols; in some cases, 2-fluoroalkyl benzoxazoles are also formed as minor products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007060050006
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncertainties in estimating B c hadronic productionand comparisons of the production at TEVATRON and LHC (2004)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 38 (2004), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The uncertainties in estimating the hadronic production of the B c meson are studied in the framework of the complete $\alpha_{\mathrm {s}}^4$ approach of perturbative QCD and the gluon-gluon fusion mechanism. Quantitative comparisons of the production at TEVATRON and LHC are made. Considering the detectors at TEVATRON and LHC, we have also estimated the production with proper kinematic cuts. Based on the results, we conclude that the experimental studies of the B c meson at the two colliders will be complementary and mutually stimulative. We find that as the CM energy is increasing from RUN-I to RUN-II at TEVATRON, the production cross section increases by about $20\%$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2004-02015-0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On Subfields of the Hermitian Function Field (2000)
    Springer
    Compositio mathematica 120 (2000), S. 137-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-5846
    Keywords: function fields ; rational places ; finite fields.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The Hermitian function field H= K(x,y) is defined by the equationy q+ y=x q+1(q being a powerof the characteristic of K). OverK= $${\mathbb{F}}$$ q 2 it is a maximalfunction field; i.e. the numberN(H)of $${\mathbb{F}}$$ q2-rationalplaces attains the Hasse--Weil upper boundN(H)=q 2+1+2g(H)·q.All subfields K ⊂ ≠ E⊂Hare also maximal.In this paper we construct a large number of nonrational subfields E⊂H, by considering the fixed fieldsH $$G$$ under certaingroups $$G$$ type="Italic"〉g≥0 that occur as the genus of some maximal function field over $${\mathbb{F}}$$ q 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001736016924
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overproduction of d-hydantoinase and carbamoylase in a soluble form in Escherichia coli (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 348-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The production of d-hydantoinase and carbamoylase from Agrobacterium radiobacter NRRL B11291 using T7 and trc promoters, respectively, was found to cause protein aggregates in Escherichia coli. We initiated a systematic study aimed at overproducting these two proteins in a soluble form. As a result, the protein aggregate from carbamoylase overproduction could be alleviated with the aid of GroEL/GroES. In contrast, the production of a high level of d-hydantoinase in an active form can be achieved at low temperature (25 °C) or by the coproduction of DnaJ/DnaK. Overall, with such approaches both recombinant proteins gain more than a four-fold increase in enzyme activity. In addition, by fusion with thioredoxin, d-hydantoinase activity can be increased 25% more than the unfused counterpart in the presence of DnaJ/DnaK. These results indicate the success of our approaches to overproducing d-hydantoinase and carbamoylase in a soluble form in E. coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000385
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tariffs and quotas in a spatial duopoly with a land market (2000)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 34 (2000), S. 233-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper develops a spatial duopoly model by taking land consumption and mobile households into consideration and examines the respective effects of a tariff and a quota on an open economy with various price conjectural variations (including Löschian, H-S and G-O competition). The main conclusions are: (i) The Metzler Paradox does not occur under a tariff but occurs under a quota in Löschian competition; (ii) The tariff and the quota are completely equivalent under H-S competition if the nature of the quota constraint does not affect the original price conjectures; (iii) If an import equivalent quota induces a change in the domestic producer's strategy from Löschian (H-S and G-O) competition to the price leadership position, then the quota yields domestic prices which are lower (higher) than those induced by a tariff.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001689900003
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