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  • morphology  (13)
  • Springer  (13)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society
  • Annual Reviews
  • Institute of Physics
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • 2000-2004  (13)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1945-1949
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Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (13)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Physical Society
  • Annual Reviews
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phenetic analysis of morphological variation in Citrullus lanatus in Namibia (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 385-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: Citrullus lanatus ; cluster analysis ; evolution ; morphology ; watermelon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Morphological data recorded from field trials using Citrullus lanatus germplasm collected in Namibia were used to analyse and compare the various morphotypes of this species. The experiment comprised wild types and local landraces as well as commercial cultivars. Cluster analysis supported the indigenous classification system used in Namibia, in which Citrullus types are distinguished based on gross morphology, ecology and usage and grouped into seed, cooking and fresh-eating (watermelon) types. Commercial watermelon cultivars formed a distinct cluster. Wide variation was found within the local types whereas the genetic basis of the commercial type appears to be narrow. The commercial cultivars were most closely related to local watermelon types and more distantly related to the wild types, whereas the cooking melons form an intermediate group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008751319879
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of Morphology of Porous Silicon Formed on N+ Type Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; morphology ; mechanism of growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The properties of porous silicon (PS) are closely connected to its morphology, much investigation has been done in order to correlate the morphological characteristics of PS with the anodisation parameters. In this paper the results of morphological analysis of PS formed on N+type substrates of 〈1 0 0〉 and 〈1 1 1〉 orientation are presented. The dependences of the porosity, thickness of PS, density of pores and of the effective surface on the current density are obtained. Interpretation of these results in terms of diffusion layer and energy levels is given, with special attention given to the low current density case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009627412800
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T.H. Huxley's Criticism of German Cell Theory: An Epigenetic and Physiological Interpretation of Cell Structure (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of the history of biology 33 (2000), S. 247-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0387
    Keywords: cell theory ; morphology ; Thomas Henry Huxley ; physiology ; Schleiden-Schwann cell theory ; Romantic biology ; scientific zoology ; cytology ; preformationism ; natural history ; epigenesis ; Kernmonopol ; histology ; Albert von Kölliker ; embryology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , History
    Notes: Abstract In 1853, the young Thomas Henry Huxley published a long review of German cell theory in which he roundly criticized the basic tenets of the Schleiden-Schwann model of the cell. Although historians of cytology have dismissed Huxley’s criticism as based on an erroneous interpretation of cell physiology, the review is better understood as a contribution to embryology. “The Cell-theory” presents Huxley’s “epigenetic” interpretation of histological organization emerging from changes in the protoplasm to replace the “preformationist” cell theory of Schleiden and Schwann (as modified by Albert vonKölliker), which posited the nucleus as the seat of organic vitality. Huxley’s views influenced a number of British biologists, who continued to oppose German cell theory well into the twentieth century. Yet Huxley was pivotal in introducing the new German program of “scientific zoology” to Britain in the early 1850s,championing its empiricist methodology as a means to enact broad disciplinary and institutional reforms in British natural history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004881730937
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polypropylene Crystallization in an Ethylene-propylene-diene Rubber Matrix (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 437-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystallization ; EPDM ; kinetics ; morphology ; PP ; rubber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the incorporation of an amorphous immiscible polymer (ethylene-propylene-diene- terpolymer) on the PP crystallization kinetics and thermodynamics is investigated by thermal analysis. The results of the investigation have shown that EPDM acts as a nucleant agent. A marked decrease of the half time of PP crystallization, τ1/2 , as well as a sensible increase of the overall crystallization rate, K n , has been observed in the presence of EPDM. Moreover, at any crystallization temperature, a minimum of τ1/2 , is obtained at 25% EPDM content in the blend. The Avrami model has been successfully applied to describe the crystallization kinetics of the blend. The kinetic curves obtained under non-isothermal conditions confirm the results obtained under isothermal conditions and demonstrate the nucleant action of the EPDM phase on the PP crystallization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010165317028
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards the Morphology Control of Stain Etched Porous Silicon (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of porous materials 7 (2000), S. 407-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4854
    Keywords: porous silicon ; stain etching ; morphology ; HREM ; reflectance spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Porous silicon films, nearly 100 nm thick, were produced by stain etching of n+-type silicon substrates. The films were studied by a non-destructive technique: dielectric function profiles were deduced by spectral reflectance via a finite difference model, and porosity was computed by the Effective Medium Approximation. The obtained information, combined with High Resolution Electron Microscopy observations,provided a deeper insight on the relations among technological process, morphology and reflective properties. Our preliminary results outline the possibility to control the porosity profile as well the reflectance of the porous films via the oxidising species concentration in the stain etching solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009607725830
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and Biomechanical Studies of Pedicle Screw Fixation for the Lower Cervical Spine (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of systems integration 10 (2000), S. 55-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8787
    Keywords: biomechanics ; morphology ; cervical spine ; pedicle screw fixation ; finite element analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Based on eight specimens removedfrom fresh cadavers, the morphology of the pedicles of the C3–7cervical vertebrae was determined. Three preliminary designsof pedicle screw and finite element models of the screw withcervical vertebra were developed. The feasibility of pediclescrew fixation for the lower cervical spine is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026559301696
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific Variation in the Vocalizations and Hand Pad Morphology of Southern Lesser Bush Babies (Galago moholi): A Comparison with G. senegalensis (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 21 (2000), S. 537-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Keywords: galago ; taxonomy ; vocalization ; morphology ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have shown the taxonomic value of vocal repertoires and hand (volar) pad characteristics in the classification of cryptic nocturnal primates such as bush babies. However, no study included quantitative comparisons within the geographical range of any one species. We investigated levels of intraspecific variation in calls and hand pad characteristics of the southern lesser bush baby (Galago moholi), using the northern lesser bush baby (Galago senegalensis) for interspecific comparisons. Examination of calls recorded from different regions along a transect of 1500 km across southern Africa revealed low levels of intraspecific variation in Galago moholi, whereas comparisons with homologous call-types in G. senegalensis revealed them to be significantly different. Volar pad measurements across the ranges of both species also showed low levels of intraspecific variation and relatively high interspecific variation. These findings demonstrate that vocal and volar pad characteristics can be used as consistent measures of difference between species that look almost identical. These methods provide a practical means of distinguishing between cryptic species, whether in the field, in captivity, or, in the case of volar pads, of preserved specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005400205038
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implications of morphological phylogenetics for the placement of the generaAdenocaulon andEriachaenium (Asteraceae) (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 223 (2000), S. 229-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Asteraceae ; Cichorioideae ; Adenocaulon ; Eriachaenium ; problematic genera ; morphology ; phylogenetic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Adenocaulon andEriachaenium are two problematic genera because their tribal and subfamilial placement in Asteraceae is uncertain. Previous cladistic analyses based on molecular data undertaken to analyze the relationships within Asteraceae, placeAdenocaulon in the tribe Mutisieae (Cichorioideae). This paper investigates cladistic relationships amongAdenocaulon andEriachaenium and tribes of subfamilies Cichorioideae and Asteroideae using morphological data. Thirty-eight characters were scored across 52 genera selected as exemplar taxa to represent the current classification system. In the analysis (one tree, length = 86, c.i. = 0.55, r.i. = 0.64)Adenocaulon andEriachaenium are sister taxa and appear as an isolated clade nested in Cichorioideae. A new, tentative position among the tribes of the paraphyletic Cichorioideae is proposed for these two isolated genera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985282
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Software dependent phenetic relationships of non-nodulating African species ofAcacia (2000)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 220 (2000), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Acacia ; classification ; Leguminosae ; morphology ; phenetics ; RAPD ; software ; taxonomy ; UPGMA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phenetic analysis of non-nodulatingAcacia species by Harrier et al. (1997) was repeated to illustrate how different computer programs may generate alternative UPGMA trees for the very same data, even in the absence of data input order effects (ties). For example, all Harrier et al.'s UPGMA dendrograms produced by software from the Scottish Agricultural Statistics Service differed from those obtained by the packages NTSYS and MVSP87. Particularly, the positions ofA. albida, A. rovumae, andA. pentagona, as well as the relationships betweenDiacanthae andTriacanthae were affected by this phenomenon. Hence, whenever clustering techniques are used, care should be taken to consider possible software-dependent caveats and artefacts. Nevertheless, all programs provided clusterings that largely coincided with the subgeneric and sectional groupings proposed by Vassal (1972) although the positions of some species varied depending on whether morphological or molecular data were considered (e.g.A. albida andA. rovumae).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985042
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycelium of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from different genera: form, function and detection (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 226 (2000), S. 131-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizas ; ecological function ; isozymes ; morphology ; mycelium architecture ; molecular probes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract It is often assumed that all species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the same function because of the ubiquity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and the fact that all AMF occupy the same plant/soil niche. Despite apparent differences in the timing of evolutionary divergence and the morphological characteristics of AMF from the different genera, the majority of studies on these fungi use only species of Glomus. There is increasing evidence, however, that the mechanisms involved in the establishment of a mycorrhiza may differ for species and genera of AMF and influence their subsequent function. The aim of this paper is to highlight the diversity in the form and function of AMF from different genera, knowledge of which is vital in understanding their ecological roles. Potential use of biochemical and molecular approaches to detect AMF in planta and ex planta is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026574828169
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