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  • Geophysics  (8)
  • Astrophysics  (6)
  • Chemical Engineering  (5)
  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1965-1969  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-oil displacements from porous media utilizing transient adhesion-tension alterations (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous laboratory studies have demonstrated that the injection of small quantities of reverse-wetting agents during water displacement can increase oil recovery from unconsolidated porous media. Hexylamine is a suitable reverse-wetting agent. It has been found that the effectiveness of this treatment increases with the quantity of amine injected (slug volume and/or amine concentration in the slug), and that treatments sufficient to stimulate oil production at high water flow rates did not do so at low flow rates. It has been established that the stimulation of oil production by this technique is accomplished by transient adhesion-tension alterations, resulting in the spontaneous accumulation of oil into large continuous masses which are subsequently mobilized.The present investigation has attempted to investigate the effect of other variables thought to be important in this system in order to clarify the mechanism by which increased oil recovery is effected. Specifically, the mechanism by which large oil masses are formed and propagated was studied.Displacement studies conducted in a glass-grid micromodel, under cinemicrographic observation, revealed that large oil masses form as a consequence of restoration of water wettability (amine desorption) but only if the local oil saturation exceeds the irreducible minimum value (under water-wet conditions). Mobilization of these oil masses was observed under the influence of a favorable wettability gradient.Displacement studies were also performed in unconsolidated silica sand beds, under conditions of varying oil-water viscosity ratio, hydraulic permeability, flow rate, and time at which the amine was injected. In the range of the variables investigated, the additional oil recovered (by treatment) increased as the viscosity ratio increased oil recovery. Water-oil displacement efficiencies enhanced by amine treatment were found to correlate satisfactorily with a parameter representing the ratio of the hydraulic forces to the capillary forces within the medium.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110412
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct contact heat transfer between immiscible liquids in turbulent pipe flow (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper reports on an experimental study of the direct contact heat transfer between oil and water in turbulent pipe flow under nonboiling conditions. Data were taken by a new technique, namely, monitoring on a very fast response recorder the output of a small thermocouple placed in the two-phase flow. The variables studied were the liquid velocity, the pipe diameter, the water volume fraction, and, to a lesser degree, the interfacial tension and the oil viscosity. A successful semiempirical method of correlating the data is also presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140126
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evaporation of carbon tetrachloride in a wetted-wall column (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 1139-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110633
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Promotion of drop-by-drop condensation of steam from seawater on a vertical copper tube (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A limited number of tests were made of promoters, their method of application, corrosion resistance, etc.The best promoter found to date is tetrakis octadecyl thio silane (C18H37S)4Si which differs only in parafinic chain length from (C12H25S)4Si which was found to be one of the best promoters for drop-by-drop condensation by Blackman and Dewar (1, 2), Hampson (2, 3), and Osment (4, 5). These compounds are nontoxic.The C18 compound appears to be superior to the C12 compound in that it is less volatile, lower melting (∼34°C), and appears to impart superior oxidation resistance to copper when adsorbed on clean oxide-free metal.Copper tubes can be rapidly cleaned in place by sulfur dioxide or hydrochloric acid in steam, or, if previously promoted by a thio silane, by treatment first with chlorine gas in steam.The thio silanes may be rapidly applied as a 1% solution in octanoic acid injected into the sea-water feed. The acid acts as cleaner and poor promoter, allowing the good promoter molecules to contact the metal tube.The amounts of the best promoters required are in the parts per billion range.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140209
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rheological interpretation of torque-rheometer data (1967)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760070112
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  • 6
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    Sun and Sky Radiance Measurements and Data Analysis Protocols (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: This chapter is concerned with two types of radiometric measurements essential to verify atmospheric correction algorithms and to calibrate vicariously satellite ocean color sensors. The first type is a photometric measurement of the direct solar beam to determine the optical thickness of the atmosphere. The intensity of the solar beam can be measured directly, or obtained indirectly from measurements of diffuse global upper hemispheric irradiance. The second type is a measurement of the solar aureole and sky radiance distribution using a CCD camera, or a scanning radiometer viewing in and perpendicular to the solar principal plane. From the two types of measurements, the optical properties of aerosols, highly variable in space and time, can be derived. Because of the high variability, the aerosol properties should be known at the time of satellite overpass. Atmospheric optics measurements, however, are not easy to perform at sea, from a ship or any platform. This complicates the measurement protocols and data analysis. Some instrumentation cannot be deployed at sea, and is limited to island and coastal sites. In the following, measurement protocols are described for radiometers commonly used to measure direct atmospheric transmittance and sky radiance, namely standard sun photometers, fast-rotating shadow-band radiometers, automated sky scanning systems, and CCD cameras. Methods and procedures to analyze and quality control the data are discussed, as well as proper measurement strategies for evaluation of atmospheric correction algorithms and satellite-derived ocean color.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: In Situ Aerosol Optical Thinkness Collected by the SIMBIOS Program (1997-2000): Protocols, and and Data QC and Analysis; 26-42; NASA/TM-2001-209982
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  • 7
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    Mesosphere Dynamics with Gravity Wave Forcing (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: We present results from a non-linear, 3D, time dependent numerical spectral model (NSM) which extends from the ground up into the thermosphere and incorporates Hines' Doppler Spread Parameterization for small-scale gravity waves (GW). Our focal point is the mesosphere where wave interactions are playing a dominant role. We discuss planetary waves in the present paper and diurnal and semi-diurnal tides in the companion paper. Without external time dependent energy or momentum sources, planetary waves (PWs) are generated in the model for zonal wavenumbers 1 to 4, which have amplitudes in the mesosphere above 50 km as large as 30 m/s and periods between 2 and 50 days. The waves are generated primarily during solstice conditions, which indicates that the baroclinic instability (associated with the GW driven reversal in the latitudinal temperature gradient) is playing an important role. Results from a numerical experiment show that GWs are also involved directly in generating the PWs. For the zonal wavenumber m = 1, the predominant wave periods in summer are around 4 days and in winter between 6 and 10 days. For m = 2, the periods are in summer and close to 2.5 and 3.5 days respectively For m = 3, 4 the predominant wave periods are in both seasons close to two days. The latter waves have the characteristics of Rossby gravity waves with meridional winds at equatorial latitudes. A common feature of the PWs (m = 1 to 4) generated in summer and winter is that their vertical wavelengths throughout the mesosphere are large which indicates that the waves are not propagating freely but are generated throughout the region. Another common feature is that the PWs propagate preferentially westward in summer and eastward in winter, being launched from the westward and eastward zonal winds that prevail respectively in summer and winter altitudes below 80 km. During spring and fall, for m = 1 and 2 eastward propagating long period PWs are generated that are launched from the smaller eastward zonal winds that prevail in these seasons. PWs generated in the model produce large amplitude modulations of the diurnal tides at altitudes above 80 km and contribute to their seasonal variations.
    Keywords: Geophysics
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  • 8
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    Mesosphere Dynamics with Gravity Wave Forcing (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: We present results from a nonlinear, 3D, time dependent numerical spectral model (NSM), which extends from the ground up into the thermosphere and incorporates Hines' Doppler Spread Parameterization for small-scale gravity waves (GW). Our focal point is the mesosphere that is dominated by wave interactions. We discuss diurnal and semi-diurnal tides ill the present paper (Part 1) and planetary waves in the companion paper (Part 2). To provide an understanding of the seasonal variations of tides, in particular with regard to gravity wave processes, numerical experiments are performed that lead to the following conclusions: 1. The large semiannual variations in tile diurnal tide (DT), with peak amplitudes observed around equinox, are produced primarily by GW interactions that involve, in part, planetary waves. 2. The DT, like planetary waves, tends to be amplified by GW momentum deposition, which reduces also the vertical wavelength. 3.Variations in eddy viscosity associated with GW interactions tend to peak in late spring and early fall and call also influence the DT. 4. The semidiurnal semidiurnal tide (SDT), and its phase in particular, is strongly influenced by the mean zonal circulation. 5. The SDT, individually, is amplified by GW's. But the DT filters out GW's such that the wave interaction effectively reduces the amplitude of the SDT, effectively producing a strong nonlinear interaction between the DT and SDT. 6.) Planetary waves generated internally by baroclinic instability and GW interaction produce large amplitude modulations of the DT and SDT.
    Keywords: Geophysics
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  • 9
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    Quasi-Decadal Oscillations Generated by the QBO (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Quasi-decadal oscillations (QDO) have been observed in the stratosphere and have been linked to the equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and to the 11-year solar activity cycle. With the use of a 2D version of our Numerical Spectral Model (NSM) that incorporates Hines' Doppler Spread Parameterization (DSP) for gravity waves (GW), we demonstrate that beat periods between 9 and 11 years can be generated by the QBO as it interacts through GW filtering with the Annual Oscillation (AO) and Semi-annual Oscillation (SAO). Results are discussed from computations covering up to 50 years, and our analyses leads to the following conclusions. The QDO as a stand-alone signature is largely confined to the upper mesosphere. Its largest signature appears in the form of amplitude modulations of the QBO, AO and SAO, and these extend into the lower stratosphere. The downward control that characterizes the QBO apparently comes into play, and the longer time constants for diffusion and radiative loss at lower altitudes facilitate the QDO response. Although excited by the QBO, which is confined to low latitudes, the QDO is shown to extend to high latitudes. The effect is particularly large for the QBO with period around 33.5 month (near the upper limit of observations), which interacts with the SAO to produce a hemispherically symmetric QDO. Our analysis indicates that the QDO is transferred to high latitudes by the meridional circulation, which prominently exhibits this periodicity particularly in the amplitude modulation of the AO.
    Keywords: Geophysics
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  • 10
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    Mesospheric Non-Migrating Tides Generated With Planetary Waves: II Influence of Gravity Waves (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: We demonstrated that, in our model, non-linear interactions between planetary waves (PW) and migrating tides could generate in the upper mesosphere non-migrating tides with amplitudes comparable to those observed. The Numerical Spectral Model (NSM) we employ incorporates Hines Doppler Spread Parameterization for small-scale gravity waves (GW), which affect in numerous ways the dynamics of the mesosphere. The latitudinal (seasonal) reversals in the temperature and zonal circulation, which are largely caused by GWs (Lindzen, 198l), filter the PWs and contribute to the instabilities that generate the PWs. The PWs in turn are amplified by the momentum deposition of upward propagating GWs, as are the migrating tides. The GWs thus affect significantly the migrating tides and PWs, the building blocks of non-migrating tides. In the present paper, we demonstrate that GW filtering also contributes to the non-linear coupling between PWs and tides. Two computer experiments are presented to make this point. In one, we simply turn off the GW source to show the effect. In the second case, we demonstrate the effect by selectively suppressing the momentum source for the m = 0 non-migrating tides.
    Keywords: Geophysics
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