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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (26)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (20)
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2000-2004  (38)
  • 1965-1969  (16)
  • 1
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    Retraction (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-20
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intermediate phases in the hydrogen disproportionated state of NdFeB-type powders (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 1924-1930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transmission electron microscopy studies have been carried out on partially disproportionated NdFeB-type alloys. A new intermediate magnetic (NIM) phase has been identified. Moreover, the lamella structure which subsequently develops from the tetragonal NIM phase comprises a tetragonal NdFe-containing (IL) phase and α-Fe. The experimental data show strong evidence of a well-defined crystallographic relation between both the NIM and lamella phases and between the IL phase and α-Fe. These observations give insight into how crystallographic texture, and hence anisotropy, can be developed in NdFeB-type powders processed by the hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption, and recombination route. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388166
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative imaging of magnetic domain walls in thin films using Lorentz and magnetic force microscopies (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 5220-5227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Images of a thin film permalloy element taken with Lorentz and magnetic force microscopies are compared with those from a simulation of the expected magnetic structure of the element. Measurements taken from the domain walls present in the element allow a quantitative comparison to be made. In the case of magnetic force microscopy, quantification is made possible by using a nonperturbative approach based on an extended charge model for the magnetic probe. Excellent agreement between experiment and simulation is observed for both imaging techniques. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1412829
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of the lunar wake (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 1785-1789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The solar wind plasma from the Sun interacts with the Moon, generating a wake structure behind it, since the Moon is to a good approximation an insulator, has no intrinsic magnetic field, and a very thin atmosphere. Following earlier one and one-half dimensional (1〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12D) simulations, 2〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12D simulations have been studied for the first time. 2〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12D simulations in the solar wind rest frame with an initial circular void reveal structures similar to those found in the earlier simulations, indicating that the 1〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12D simulations are a good approximation to the physics. The infilling of the wake was found to be anisotropic, with the infilling occurring predominantly parallel to the magnetic field. The 2〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12D simulations that are stationary with respect to the Moon, allow the effect of solar wind magnetic fields oblique to the solar wind flow to be studied, and these reveal additional assymetries. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1467655
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple avalanche model for astroplasma and laboratory confinement systems : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1969-1976 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An avalanche or "sandpile" model is discussed that generalizes the original self-organized criticality avalanche model of Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld [Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 381 (1987)] to include spatially extended local redistribution. A single control parameter specifies the spatial extent of local redistribution when the critical gradient is exceeded: this has profound consequences for nonlocal avalanching transport and for the dynamical behavior of the system, which are insensitive to other details such as the initial conditions and fluctuations in fueling or the critical gradient. The model possesses essentially two regimes of behavior. If the scale of nonlocal transport is of the order of the system size, the system is in the vicinity of a fixed point; in consequence the statistics of energy dissipation and length of avalanches are power law, and the time evolution is irregular ("intermittent"). If this scale is significantly smaller than the system size, the time evolution is quasiregular and follows a limit cycle. The first of these regimes appears relevant to the earth's magnetosphere, where bursty transport and large scale reconfiguration (substorms) are observed. In this case the avalanche statistics have been inferred from observations of patches of intensity in the aurora, which may map to energy dissipation events in the magnetotail. The second regime displays significant links to the observed confinement phenomenology of magnetic fusion plasmas, corresponding to a broader range of model parameter space. For example, there is correlation between sandpile profiles, stored energy, and edge steepening on the one hand, and the control parameter on the other. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1352581
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detailed structure and dynamics in particle-in-cell simulations of the lunar wake (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4551-4559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The solar wind plasma from the Sun interacts with the Moon, generating a wake structure behind it, since the Moon is to a good approximation an insulator, has no intrinsic magnetic field and a very thin atmosphere. The lunar wake in simplified geometry has been simulated via a 1〈fraction SHAPE="CASE"〉12D electromagnetic particle-in-cell code, with high resolution in order to resolve the full phase space dynamics of both electrons and ions. The simulation begins immediately downstream of the moon, before the solar wind has infilled the wake region, then evolves in the solar wind rest frame. An ambipolar electric field and a potential well are generated by the electrons, which subsequently create a counter-streaming beam distribution, causing a two-stream instability which confines the electrons. This also creates a number of electron phase space holes. Ion beams are accelerated into the wake by the ambipolar electric field, generating a two-stream distribution with phase space mixing that is strongly influenced by the potentials created by the electron two-stream instability. The simulations compare favorably with WIND observations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1398570
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modifications to the edge current profile with auxiliary edge current drive and improved confinement in a reversed-field pinch (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 3491-3494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Auxiliary edge current drive is routinely applied in the Madison Symmetric Torus [R. N. Dexter, D. W. Kerst, T. W. Lovell et al., Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] with the goal of modifying the parallel current profile to reduce current-driven magnetic fluctuations and the associated particle and energy transport. Provided by an inductive electric field, the current drive successfully reduces fluctuations and transport. First-time measurements of the modified edge current profile reveal that, relative to discharges without auxiliary current drive, the edge current density decreases. This decrease is explicable in terms of newly measured reductions in the dynamo (fluctuation-based) electric field and the electrical conductivity. Induced by the current drive, these two changes to the edge plasma play as much of a role in determining the resultant edge current profile as does the current drive itself. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287913
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High confinement plasmas in the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed-field pinch : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 2061-2068 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Reduction of core-resonant m=1 magnetic fluctuations and improved confinement in the Madison Symmetric Torus [Dexter et al., Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] reversed-field pinch have been routinely achieved through control of the surface poloidal electric field, but it is now known that the achieved confinement has been limited in part by edge-resonant m=0 magnetic fluctuations. Now, through refined poloidal electric field control, plus control of the toroidal electric field, it is possible to reduce simultaneously the m=0 and m=1 fluctuations. This has allowed confinement of high-energy runaway electrons, possibly indicative of flux-surface restoration in the usually stochastic plasma core. The electron temperature profile steepens in the outer region of the plasma, and the central electron temperature increases substantially, reaching nearly 1.3 keV at high toroidal plasma current (500 kA). At low current (200 kA), the total beta reaches 15% with an estimated energy confinement time of 10 ms, a tenfold increase over the standard value which for the first time substantially exceeds the constant-beta confinement scaling that has characterized most reversed-field-pinch plasmas. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1456930
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stochastic pitch angle diffusion due to electron-whistler wave–particle interactions (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2953-2962 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the Earth's magnetosphere, electron–whistler mode wave–particle interactions are a candidate mechanism for auroral precipitation via electron phase space diffusion. Of particular interest are stochastic interactions between relativistic electrons and (as often observed) waves of more than one wave number. It can be shown that the interaction between electrons and two oppositely directed monochromatic whistlers is stochastic. Once a threshold is exceeded, stochastic trajectories exist in addition to regular orbits (Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser, or KAM, surfaces) near resonance, and here their corresponding pitch angle diffusion is estimated. The treatment is extended to consider broad band whistler wave packets and it is shown that the stochastic diffusion mechanism is again present for interactions with one or two wave packets. The pitch angle diffusion coefficient is estimated from the dynamics of stochastic electrons. For wave amplitudes consistent with planetary magnetospheres, such as at the Earth and Jupiter, pitch angle diffusion due to stochastic interactions occurs on fast (millisecond) time scales resulting in significant increases in the pitch angle diffusion coefficient. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1371953
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain processes in the magnetization reversal of exchange-biased IrMn/CoFe bilayers (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 1458-1465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used transmission electron microscopy to study directly the way magnetization reversal proceeds in the ferromagnetic layer for sets of bilayers in which the ferromagnetic layer (CoFe) was of constant thickness while the thickness of the antiferromagnetic layer (IrMn) was varied. The first set studied was in the as-deposited state while the second was subjected to rapid thermal processing. For IrMn thicknesses of 20 Å, no shift fields were observed, although significant coercivities (∼70 Oe) were recorded and reversal involved rather simple domain processes. By contrast, complex small-scale domains dominated the reversal processes for samples where the IrMn thickness exceeded 60 Å; here, strong exchange biasing and higher coercivities were the norm. For all thicknesses of IrMn, an unexpected variation in the dominant orientation of domain walls on the outward and return parts of the magnetization cycle tended to be observed. A possible origin of this, together with the differences between the as-deposited samples and those subjected to rapid thermal processing, are discussed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1489494
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