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  • Articles  (1,507)
  • 2000-2004  (1,066)
  • 1975-1979  (441)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (1,472)
  • Sociology  (35)
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  • Articles  (1,507)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breeding for high yield and fibre quality in coloured cotton (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In the present study, three types of coloured fibre cottons, i.e. white, brown and green, were compared for their fibre quality and yield. The comparison of fibre quality suggested that coloured fibre cotton was inferior as compared with white fibre cotton. To understand the effect of cellulose, mineral elements [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)] and pH of fibre cells on the quality of fibre, these components were studied at different fibre cell developed stages in all three fibre cotton types. The cellulose content is closely associated with the quality of fibre. The higher fibre quality of white fibre cotton might be the result of the high cellulose content in it compared with coloured fibre cotton. A rapid and slow decrease in pH in white and coloured cottons, respectively, might have some effects on fibre elongation. Among the mineral contents, potassium is positively correlated with the fibre quality traits. The pigment development patterns in brown and green fibre cottons are not similar. In green fibre cotton it takes more time to deepen in colour as compared with brown fibre cotton. Possible strategies for the improvement in quality of coloured fibre cotton are discussed. The results of heterosis studies in coloured fibre cotton suggest that heterosis could improve yield and quality of coloured fibre cotton. In the present study, the hybrids between ZJU12A x ZJU05R and ZJU18A x ZJU01R, having an acceptable lint colour types plus better fibre quality and high yield performance, may be exploited further for their heterotic advantages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00938.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of replacement of dietary fish meal by meat and bone meal and poultry by-product meal on growth and feed utilization of gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Triplicate groups of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio (initial body weight: 5.25 ± 0.02 g) were fed for 8 weeks at 20–25 °C on five isonitrogenous (crude protein: 400 g kg−1) and isoenergetic diets (gross energy: 17 kJ g−1). Meat and bone meal (MBM) or poultry by-product meal (PBM) were used to replace fish meal at different levels of protein. The control diet contained fish meal as the sole protein source. In the other four diets, 150 or 500 g kg−1 of fish meal protein was substituted by MBM (MBM15, MBM50) or PBM (PBM15, PBM50). The results showed that feeding rate for the MBM50 group was significantly higher than for other groups except the PBM50 group (P 〈 0.05). Growth rate in the MBM15 group was significantly higher than that in the control (P 〈 0.05), while there was no significant difference in growth between the control and other groups (P 〉 0.05). Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in MBM50 was significantly lower while that in MBM15 was significantly higher (P 〈 0.05). Replacement of fish meal by MBM at 500 g kg−1 protein significantly decreased apparent dry matter digestibility (ADCD) and gross energy (ADCE) while apparent protein digestibility (ADCP) was significantly decreased by the replacement of MBM or PBM (P 〈 0.05). The results suggest that MBM and PBM could replace up to 500 g kg−1 of fish meal protein in diets for gibel carp without negative effects on growth while 150 g kg−1 replacement by MBM protein improved feed utilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00301.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil-released carbon dioxide from microbial biomass carbon in the cultivated soils of karst areas of southwest China (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 422-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial biomass carbon ; Soil-released carbon dioxide ; Karst areas ; Southwest China ; Ultisols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Soil microbial biomass and the emission of CO2 from the soil surface were measured in yellow soils (Ultisols) of the karst areas of southwest China. The soils are relatively weathered, leached and impoverished, and have a low input of plant residues. The measurements were made for a 1-year period and show a reciprocal relationship between microbial biomass and surface CO2 efflux. The highest (42.6±2.8 mg CO2-C m–2 h–1) and lowest (15.6±0.6 mg CO2-C m–2 h–1) CO2 effluxes are found in the summer and winter, respectively. The cumulative CO2 efflux is 0.24 kg CO2-C m–2 year–1. There is also a marked seasonal variation in the amount of soil microbial biomass carbon, but with the highest (644±71 μg C g–1 soil) and lowest (270±24 μg C g–1 soil) values occurring in the winter and summer, respectively. The cumulative loss of soil microbial biomass carbon in the top 10 cm of the soil was 608 μg C g–1 year–1 soil over 17 sampling times. The mean residence time of microbial biomass is estimated at 105 days, suggesting that the carbon in soil microbial biomass may act as a source of the CO2 released from soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003749900189
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  • 4
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    Soil-released carbon dioxide from microbial biomass carbon in the cultivated soils of karst areas of southwest China (2000)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-04
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on ensiling safflower forage (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The ensiling characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) wilted to 290 and 411 g dry matter (DM) kg−1 fresh material were studied in 1·5 l glass jars. The experiment included a control and the application of Lactobacillus plantarum at 3·3 × 105 colony-forming units (cfu) per g of crop. After 60 days of ensiling, the pH of safflower silages was 4·6 and 4·0 in the control and inoculated silages respectively, with corresponding values for lactic acid, the major fermentation product, of 20 and 45 g kg−1 DM. The silages from the anaerobic jars were stable upon aerobic exposure. It is concluded the safflower silage has potential as an alternative fodder in semiarid regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2002.00314.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein digestibility and amino acid availability of several protein sources for juvenile Chinese hairy crab Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards (Decapoda, Grapsidae) (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Apparent and true values of protein digestibility (APD vs. TPD) and amino acid availability (AAAA vs. TAAA) of casein, gelatin, fish meal, shrimp meal, soybean meal and spirulina meal were determined for juvenile Chinese hairy crab Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards. Assay diets were prepared by incorporation of 20% of a protein source into a reference diet. A protein-free diet (PFD) was used to estimate the metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN) content and amino acid composition (MFAA). MFN content was 445.3 mg 100 g−1 PFD. MFAA ranged from 19.6 mg 100 g−1 PFD for tryptophan to 228.5 mg 100 g−1 PFD for glutamic acid. Casein and gelatin trended towards higher APD, while fish meal had the lower APD and TPD. Although there was reasonable agreement between protein digestibility and average amino acid availability, protein sources had significant effects on AAAA and TAAA. For total amino acids and most individual amino acids, casein and gelatin were relatively higher both in AAAA and in TAAA, soybean meal and spirulina meal intermediate, while fish meal was lower. Data of AAAA and TAAA suggest that soybean meal and spirulina meal could be used as substitutes for animal proteins. Individual AAAAs and TAAAs were variable within and among protein sources. Those results suggest that determination of amino acid availabilities is necessary for the more accurate and economical feed formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00498.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microencapsulation Protects Immunoglobulin in Yolk (IgY) Specific against Helicobacter pylori Urease (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Hens were intramuscularly (im) immunized on thighs by using urease (E.C. 3.5.1.5) from Helicobactor pylori as antigen. The specificity of IgY against urease of H. pylori increased gradually after initial immunization. The collected yolk was microencapsulated with 10% or 20%β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and gum arabic by a spray-drier. Microencapsulation was effective in protecting the IgY activity against pepsin. Liposome prepared at the lecithin/ cholesterol ratio of 1/0.25 (mole/mole) displayed satisfactory encapsulation efficiency (69%) of IgY. Increase in cholesterol content in the liposomal structure exhibited a stronger protection effect of IgY against pepsin and acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb11351.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Natural Vitamin E from Wheat Germ Using Response Surface Methodology (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Natural vitamin E was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction of carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) from wheat germ. Several SFE-CO2 parameters, such as extracting pressure, extracting temperature, and flow rate of carbon dioxide were examined as the independent variables of central composite rotate design (CCRD). Through the response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal processing conditions were determined and the quadratic response surfaces were drawn from the mathematical models. The results demonstrated that the extracting pressure, temperature, pressure × temperature interaction, and flow rate of CO2 significantly affected the yield of the natural Vitamin E's extraction, while two interactions containing the flow rate of CO2 had no significant effect on the yield of natural vitamin E. The optimal processing conditions of the extraction of natural vitamin E in wheat germ by SFE-CO2 were: extracting pressure 5000 PSI, extracting temperature 316 K, and flow rate of carbon dioxide 1.7 ml/min. Optimum value predicted by RSM for the concentration of natural vitamin E was 2307 mg/100g. Close agreement between experimental and predicted values was obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb11391.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival and cell culturability of biocontrol Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 in the rhizosphere of cucumber grown in two soils of contrasting fertility status (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words  Pseudomonas fluorescens ; Cucumber ; Rhizosphere ; Biocontrol ; Culturability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of cucumber roots on survival patterns of the biocontrol soil inoculant Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0-Rif was assessed for 22 days in two non-sterile soils, using a combination of total immunofluorescence cell counts, Kogure's direct viable counts and colony counts on plates containing rifampicin. In Eschikon soil (high fertility status for cucumber), CHA0-Rif persisted as culturable cells in bulk soil and in the rhizosphere, but colony counts were lower than viable counts and total cell counts inside root tissues. The occurrence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells inside root tissues (5 log cells g–1 root) was unlikely to have resulted from the hydrogen peroxide treatment used to disinfect the root surface, as hydrogen peroxide caused the death of CHA0-Rif cells in vitro. In Siglistorf soil (low fertility status for cucumber), the inoculant was found mostly as non-culturable cells. Colony counts and viable counts of CHA0-Rif were similar, both in bulk soil and inside root tissues, whereas in the rhizosphere viable counts exceeded colony counts at the last two samplings (giving about 7 log VBNC cells g–1). In conclusion, soil type had a significant influence on the occurrence of VBNC cells of CHA0-Rif, although these cells were found in root-associated habitats (i.e. rhizosphere and root tissues) and not in bulk soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740000238
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  • 10
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    Survival and cell culturability of biocontrol Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 in the rhizosphere of cucumber grown in two soils of contrasting fertility status (2000)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-03
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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