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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a single point mutation in the human betaA globin gene that results in the formation of an abnormal hemoglobin [HbS (alpha2betaS2)]. We designed a betaA globin gene variant that prevents HbS polymerization and introduced it into a lentiviral vector we optimized for transfer to hematopoietic stem cells and gene expression in the adult red blood cell lineage. Long-term expression (up to 10 months) was achieved, without preselection, in all transplanted mice with erythroid-specific accumulation of the antisickling protein in up to 52% of total hemoglobin and 99% of circulating red blood cells. In two mouse SCD models, Berkeley and SAD, inhibition of red blood cell dehydration and sickling was achieved with correction of hematological parameters, splenomegaly, and prevention of the characteristic urine concentration defect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pawliuk, R -- Westerman, K A -- Fabry, M E -- Payen, E -- Tighe, R -- Bouhassira, E E -- Acharya, S A -- Ellis, J -- London, I M -- Eaves, C J -- Humphries, R K -- Beuzard, Y -- Nagel, R L -- Leboulch, P -- HL554352/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2368-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard-MIT, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics/*therapy ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Genetic Vectors ; Globins/*genetics/metabolism ; HIV-1/*genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/metabolism ; Humans ; Lentivirus/genetics ; Locus Control Region ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Oxyhemoglobins/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Thalassemia/genetics/therapy ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transgenes ; beta-Globins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-10-29
    Description: Our understanding of the function of dendrites has been greatly enriched by an inspiring dialogue between theory and experiments. Rather than functionally ignoring dendrites, representing neurons as single summing points, we have realized that dendrites are electrically and chemically distributed nonlinear units and that this has important consequences for interpreting experimental data and for the role of neurons in information processing. Here, we examine the route to unraveling some of the enigmas of dendrites and highlight the main insights that have been gained. Future directions are discussed that will enable theory and models to keep shedding light on dendrites, where the most fundamental input-output adaptive processes take place.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segev, I -- London, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):744-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel. idan@lobster.ls.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Humans ; Information Theory ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Learning ; Mathematics ; Mental Processes ; *Models, Neurological ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1979-07-13
    Description: Two different ultrastructural alterations were observed in liver cells of chimpanzees inoculated with plasma derived from two different patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. During the acute phase of illness in one group of four chimpanzees, peculiar tubular structures, composed of two unit membranes with electron-opaque material in between, were observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. In contrast, these structures were never detected in the liver cells of the second group of five chimpanzees that received the second inoculum, However, nuclear changes, usually associated with aggregates of 20- to 27-nanometer particles, were found in hepatocytes of the latter animals. Although these particles resembled viruses, they were not as uniform as small virus particles often appear. In five other chimpanzees inoculated with non-A, non-B hepatitis material not known to be related to the first two inocula, cytoplasmic structures were found in four, and nuclear structures were found in the remaining one. Thus, all 14 chimpanzees inoculated with transmissible non-A, non-B hepatitis agents could be classified as having either nuclear or cytoplasmic changes. These observations add support to epidemiologic data suggesting that there may be more than one agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimizu, Y K -- Feinstone, S M -- Purcell, R H -- Alter, H J -- London, W T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 13;205(4402):197-200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Cytoplasm/ultrastructure ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/*microbiology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/*microbiology ; Inclusion Bodies, Viral/ultrastructure ; Liver/microbiology/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pan troglodytes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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