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  • Springer  (84)
  • American Physical Society  (20)
  • American Geophysical Union  (14)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (4)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • 2000-2004  (51)
  • 1980-1984  (24)
  • 1960-1964  (47)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition and nanocrystallization in reactively sputtered amorphous Ta–Si–N thin films (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 1986-1991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nanocrystallization process of reactively sputtered thin amorphous Ta–Si–N films is investigated by anomalous small angle x-ray scattering (ASAXS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Changes in the microstructure in Ta40Si14N46 films, density variations in the amorphous matrix, decomposition, formation, and growth of nanocrystals after vacuum anneals at different temperatures in the range between 800 and 1000 °C are observed and the results of the different techniques are compared. From a Fourier analysis of ASAXS intensities the nanostructure of the investigated ternary system is derived using a model of hard spheres according to Guinier and Fournet. ASAXS investigations indicate that the noncrystalline samples can be described by a monophase fit and the crystallized samples by a bimodal-phase fit, the latter results being consistent with XRD which identifies TaN and Ta5Si3 phases. Detailed analysis shows that TaN nanograins of approximately 2 nm size develop after a decomposition process. Larger grains of Ta5Si3 are observed in addition to the TaN grains if annealing is performed at temperatures higher than 950 °C. The aim of these investigations is to give a generally applicable explanation of the barrier failure mechanism for Ta–Si–N diffusion barriers, which is actually observed at temperatures below the crystallization temperature if the films are used in contact with Cu or Al. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388173
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superspace formulation of general massive gauge theories and geometric interpretation of mass-dependent Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin symmetries (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7304-7332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A superspace formulation is proposed for the osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of general massive gauge theories. The superalgebra osp(1,2) is considered as subalgebra of the superalgebra sl(1,2)∼osp(2,2) which may be considered as the algebra of generators of the conformal group in a superspace with two anticommuting coordinates. The mass-dependent (anti)Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin symmetries of proper solutions of the quantum master equations in the osp(1,2)-covariant formalism are realized in that superspace as invariance under translations combined with mass-dependent special conformal transformations. The Sp(2) symmetry—in particular the ghost number conservation—and the new ghost number conservation are realized in the superspace as invariance under symplectic rotations and dilatations, respectively. The new ghost number conservation is generally broken by the choice of a gauge. The transformations of the gauge fields and the full set of necessarily required (anti)ghost and auxiliary fields under the superalgebra sl(1,2) are determined both for irreducible and first-stage reducible theories with closed gauge algebra. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288496
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrode modification by electron-induced patterning of aromatic self-assembled monolayers (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3323-3325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Self-assembled monolayers of ω-(4′-methyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-dodecyl thiol [CH3–C6H4-C6H4–(CH2)12–SH,BP12] on gold were patterned via exposure to 300 eV electrons. Subsequent copper deposition in an electrochemical cell revealed behavior opposite to that of electron beam patterned monolayers of alkanethiols. Whereas alkanethiols act as a positive resist and lead to copper deposition only on irradiated parts, the biphenyl based thiol acts as a negative resist. At the irradiated areas the layer exhibits blocking behavior and copper deposition is observed only on the nonirradiated parts. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1415771
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanocrystallization of amorphous-Ta40Si14N46 diffusion barrier thin films (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3618-3620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nanocrystallization process in thin amorphous-Ta40Si14N46 films, annealed in the range between 800 and 1000 °C for 1 h, is investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field and energy-dispersive x-ray analyses. At 800 °C clusters of about 2 nm in size indicate that compositional inhomogeneities have developed while the film has still remained structurally amorphous. The sample annealed at 900 °C contains a high density of nanograins of TaN measuring about 2 nm as well as amorphous structures measuring 75–100 nm having a high tantalum content. After annealing at 1000 °C, an almost entirely crystalline structure is observed with 4-nm-sized particles of cubic TaN and 15-nm-sized grains of Ta5Si3. Possible mechanisms driving these structural changes are discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1377626
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a blue object with a newly detected X-ray source (1983)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 94 (1983), S. 291-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A blue object was identified on POSS prints. Its position coincides with an X-ray source found by the HEAO-B satellite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653718
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the structure of the ‘red’ globular cluster NGC 1806 in the large magellanic cloud (1982)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 84 (1982), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A structural study of the old globular cluster NGC 1806 in the LMC has been carried out by star counts onB- andV-ESO 3.6 m telescope plates with three different limiting magnitude levels. The star density distribution was obtained directly from the surface strip count function with the Plummer formalism and the generalized Schuster law according to Lohmann. This yields beside the central density the structural parametern and the characteristic length parameterR 0 for each individual colour and magnitude level. The results show that the blue stellar content of NGC 1806 — the horizontal branch stars — is more concentrated towards the cluster center than the red giant and subgiant objects. Also such a dynamical mass segregation is observed for the red giants compared with the subgiants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713631
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the η production in proton-proton collisions with the COSY time-of-flight spectrometer (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2003), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 25.40.Ve Other reactions above meson production thresholds (energies 400 MeV) – 13.75.Cs Nucleon-nucleon interactions (including antinucleons, deuterons, etc.) – 14.40.Aq π, K, and η mesons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The reaction pp → ppη was measured at excess energies of 15 and 41 MeV at an external target of the Jülich Cooler Synchrotron COSY with the time-of-flight spectrometer. About 25000 events were measured for the excess energy of 15 MeV and about 8000 for 41 MeV. Both protons of the process ppη were detected with an acceptance of nearly 100% and the η was reconstructed by the missing-mass technique. For both excess energies the angular distributions are found to be nearly isotropic. In the invariant-mass distributions strong deviations from the pure phase space distributions are seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2002-10079-7
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die mesozoische Magnafazies-Abfolge in den nördlichen Anden (Peru, Ekuador, Kolumbien) (1980)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 69 (1980), S. 875-891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Over 100 sedimentary formations and groups are known from the epicontinental to continental Mesozoic (“Oriente Andino” sensu H.Bürgl) in the Andean region of Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. These lithostratigraphic (or facial) complexes are attached to 6 magnafacies-units which follow each other chronologically, thereby clearly evidencing a uniform paleogeographic-sedimentary development in the mentioned areas, although the geological structure of the Western respectively Coastal Cordilleras of the North (Colombia, Ecuador) is fundamentally different from that of the Southern ones (Peru, Chile).
    Abstract: Resumen Más de 100 grupos y formaciones sedimentarios des »Oriente Andino« (sensu H.Bürgl) en los Andes septentrionales (PerÚ, Ecuador, Colombia) están asociados a 6 unidades magnafaciales que se suceden cronológicamente. Este »Oriente Andino« abarca las cuencas sedimentarias de tipo epicontiental a continental de la época mesozoica. Se bosqueja así claramente, en las áreas mencionadas, una evolución paleogeográfica-sedimentológica bastante uniforme, aunque las estructuras geológicas de las Cordilleras Occidentales (o Costeras, respectivamente) de la parte septentrional (Colombia, Ecuador) se diferencian fundamentalmente de las del Sur (PerÚ, Chile).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die weit über 100 sedimentären Formationen und Gruppen im mesozoischen epikontinentalen bis kontinentalen „Oriente Andino“ der nördlichen Anden (Peru, Ekuador und Kolumbien) werden 6 zeitlich aufeinanderfolgenden Magnafazies-Einheiten zugeordnet. Dabei zeichnet sich deutlich eine einheitliche paläogeographisch-sedimentäre Entwicklung in den genannten Räumen ab, obwohl sich der geologische Bau der andinen West- bzw. Küstenkordilleren im Norden (Kolumbien, Ekuador) grundsätzlich vom Süden (Peru, Chile) unterscheidet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02104651
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromazurol S zum qualitativen Berylliumnachweis (1963)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 51 (1963), S. 495-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Beryllium yields a characteristic bright blue stain with Chrome azurol S on filter paper. The interfering action of other cations can be eliminated by adding oxalate and EDTA. As little as 4.5μg of beryllium in 0.05 ml of test solution can be still detected. The sensitivity of the reaction is lowered by the presence of ten times as much of several cations.
    Abstract: Résumé Le béryllium donne sur papier filtre avec le chromazurol S, une tache caractéristique bleu clair. On peut écarter l'influence gênante des autres cations par addition d'oxalate et d'EDTA. On peut rechercher jusqu'à 4,5μg de béryllium dans 0,05 ml de solution. La sensibilité de la réaction se trouve diminuée par quelques cations pris en excès de dix fois.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Beryllium gibt mit Chromazurol S auf Filtrierpapier einen charakteristischen hellblauen Fleck. Der störende Einfluß anderer Kationen kann durch Zugabe von Oxalat und ÄDTA behoben werden. Es lassen sich noch 4,5μg Beryllium in 0,05 ml Lösung nachweisen. Bei zehnfachem Überschuß einiger Kationen wird die Empfindlichkeit der Reaktion verringert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01217577
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solar rotation and activity in the past and their possible influence upon the evolution of life (1981)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 24 (1981), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is proposed that the rotational angular momentum of the lower Main Sequence stars determines the intensity of their magnetic spot activity. As a consequence of this feedback coupling, the stellar rotation and the activity decay exponentially by magnetic braking of the induced stellar flare- and wind-activity. Therefore, the Sun should have rotated much faster and must have shown a very enhanced activity in its early history. This strong solar activity in the past could have had influenced the evolution of terrestrial life, and may explain the stagnation of maritime life for about 2×109 yr, the diversification of species during the Cambrian formation, and the land conquest by life in the upper Silurian system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00896905
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