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  • Articles  (61)
  • Elsevier  (37)
  • Springer  (24)
  • 2000-2004  (21)
  • 1980-1984  (31)
  • 1970-1974  (9)
  • 1940-1944
  • Sociology
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  • Articles  (61)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The utilitarian contract: A generalization of Rawls' theory of justice (1974)
    Springer
    Theory and decision 4 (1974), S. 345-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7187
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract In a series of major papers culminating in A Theory of Justice, John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1971. Future page references to the book are placed in parentheses. Some of Rawls' basic ideas were set forth earlier in his ‘Justice as Fairness’, The Philosophical Review 57 (1958) 164–94. John Rawls constructs an alternative to utilitarianism by developing a social contract theory of moral and political philosophy. Unfortunately, Rawls formulates the two basic principles upon which the theory rests in such a way as to restrict (unduly) the contract theory's applicability (see Section I). In this paper we present a more general discussion of the theory of justice that avoids the problems of Rawls' formulation and yet retains the important idea of justice as fairness and the contractarian approach (Section II). Later it is argued that this more general theory constitutes a bridge between the pure utilitarian theories and the social contract doctrines (Sections V and VI). The theory's advantages are demonstrated by applying it to a problem discussed by Rawls, intergenerational equity, and comparing the two solutions (Section III). Further comparisons are made and inferences drawn in the concluding three sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00136654
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Economic dimensions of prospective technological studies at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (2002)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-1625
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5509
    Topics: Geography , Sociology , Technology
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Socialization and demographic determinants of mortality expectations (1980)
    Springer
    Population and environment 3 (1980), S. 10-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Since subjective life expectancy (SLE) has been found related to a variety of personal orientations, the clarification of its determinants should facilitate understanding of social behavior. A theoretical model is presented which includes sociodemographic and socialization predictors. It was hypothesized that SLE would vary with exposure to early death among near relatives, family size, and desired longevity (DL). Exposure and DL were expected to vary with socioeconomic status (SES), age, and ethnic membership. Results from a sample of 513 students (18–29 years of age) indicated that the mean SLE of females exposed to same-sex early death was markedly lower than that of males or of females exposed to opposite-sex death. Among respondents with death exposure, family size was inversely related to SLE. SES had a direct effect on the dependent variable; the effects of age and ethnic membership were indirect. While death socialization attenuates SLE, it does not affect DL. It was suggested, therefore, that increased exposure to early death could heighten personal frustration, especially among females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253067
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum (1982)
    Springer
    Population and environment 5 (1982), S. I 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01257075
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The social contents of place schemata: People are judged by the places where they live and work (1984)
    Springer
    Population and environment 7 (1984), S. 211-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Previous research in environmental cognition has focused primarily on physical attributes of environmental settings. The present studies were undertaken to explore the extent to which schemata for settings include their social attributes as well. Subjects were asked to make judgments about the occupants of a variety of examples of either residential or work settings, and to judge the settings themselves. Higher occupational status and more favorable traits were attributed to residents of higher-status neighborhoods. More favorable traits were attributed to people who work in settings associated with higher-status occupations. Higher-status neighborhoods, but not work settings, were judged more favorably. These findings support recent calls for a more inclusive view of environmental settings that considers both their physical and social attributes. They also suggest a new direction for social-psychological research in person perception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256408
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Family building: A social psychological study of fertility decisions (1980)
    Springer
    Population and environment 3 (1980), S. 210-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Decision theory, coupled with a hierarchically arranged questionnaire format, is discussed as a possible approach to the prediction of birth planning decisions. The empirical success of the scheme is examined in terms of interrelating attitudes, behavioral intention, desired family size, and birth planning behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01255339
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An equity-based model of vandalism (1982)
    Springer
    Population and environment 5 (1982), S. 182-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract An equity-based model of vandalism is proposed which views this behavior as often having meaning for vandals and for society. Type and intensity of vandalism are then predicted based upon a specification of first and second order moderators of inequity resolution, and an ordering of vandalism along dimensions of instrumentality, expressiveness and message ambiguity. The role of perceived control as a primary determinant of mode and intensity of vandalism is stressed. Second order moderators such as state of the physical environment and availability of various group level processes are also incorporated into the model as sufficient, but not necessary, conditions. Illustrative predictions include the occurence of diffuse, malicious vandalism when inequity is high and control is low; whereas more tactical-selective forms of vandalism are proposed when control approaches moderate levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01257056
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of early leavers from a remote mining community (1981)
    Springer
    Population and environment 4 (1981), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract The Environmental Response Inventory (ERI) was administered to 72 employees of a mining company who were leaving two remote miningdominated communities in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to establish whether employees leaving the area before three months residency, despite incentives to stay, could be discriminated (by the ERI scales) from longer staying colleagues. The analyses showed that early leavers tended to have higher scores on the Stimulus Seeking and Environmental Trust scales and lower scores on the Mechanical Orientation scale than those who stayed longer. The possible use of the ERI in personnel work is discussed with suggestions for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256537
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Expectation-Threshold model of reproductive decision making (1982)
    Springer
    Population and environment 5 (1982), S. 95-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7810
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract It is proposed that as expectations about parenting become increasingly high, couples have an increasing tendency to decide to have a(or another) child. Similarly, as parenting expectations become increasingly low, couples have an increasing tendency to decide on sterilization. Couples without extremely high or low expectations continue to use contraceptives. Expectations are defined as Subjective Expected Utilities (SEUs) for having or not having a child. Preliminary results support the model and suggest that the threshold for making these decisions is not at neutral, but is conservative so that couples must have fairly high or low expectations before making such binding decisions are parenting or sterilization. The fact that data reveal that this exists supports the Expectancy-Threshold model, but it also requires a change in SEU Theory's maximization rule for some kinds of decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01367489
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison and choice (1982)
    Springer
    Theory and decision 14 (1982), S. 35-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7187
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper develops the idea of a choice as a mapping of subsets of a set X into their respective subsets and the idea of the comparison, as a relation between elements of X, that is determined or ‘revealed’ by a choice. It then studies how certain properties of a choice imply or are implied by certain properties, such as acyclicity, quasi-transitivity, pseudo-transitivity and transitivity, of the comparison revealed, finally giving a complete logical diagram of all the implications between these latter properties of the comparison.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00135143
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