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  • Articles  (66)
  • 2000-2004  (30)
  • 1980-1984  (24)
  • 1970-1974  (10)
  • 1940-1944  (1)
  • 1930-1934  (1)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (66)
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  • Articles  (66)
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  • 1
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    Recent Advances in Avalanche Photodiodes (2004)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-01
    Print ISSN: 1077-260X
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-4542
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Correction to “Recent Advances in Avalanche Photodiodes” (2004)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-01
    Print ISSN: 1077-260X
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-4542
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiographic image analysis of cylindrical implosion experiments (invited) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Radiography is a heavily used tool for diagnosing laser-based hydrodynamic experiments. A successful experiment relies on the gathering of data over a time window where the relevant physics occurs and on an accurate analysis of those data. Comparison of this experimental data to theory is often best done by generating simulated images from hydrodynamic calculations, including all necessary and important experimental details. Care must be taken to treat both the experimental and theoretical images identically in the analysis. Frequently, image filtering and enhancement routines are used to obtain interface location and perturbation information from the radiographic image. Previous techniques were found to be too sensitive to global image details. New procedures have been developed which utilize local operators that provide better edge or interface identification without bias. These procedures are benchmarked and validated using static radiographic targets of known configuration that mock up experimental situations of interest. The experiment and the image analysis development are described, including discussion of key contributions to the uncertainty of the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1315643
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phased array imaging on a 4.7T/33cm animal research system (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 4292-4294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Although phased array technology has been standard on clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems for many years, it is just now becoming available on small animal MRI systems. Bruker Instruments Ltd. has recently provided multiple rf channels on a 4.7T/33cm Avance, but further development was necessary to complete the phased array implementation. This work discusses the development of this other hardware, specifically the rf array coil, low impedance preamplifiers, excitation coil, and image combination algorithm. Comparison of the array coil to a quadrature coil indicates superior signal-to-noise ratio from the array. In vivo images of a cat spine acquired simultaneously from the individual channels of the array and a sum of squares combination are shown. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1406916
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrahigh vacuum instrument that combines variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy with Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy for studies of chemical reactions at surfaces (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1267-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe the construction of an ultrahigh vacuum chamber that incorporates variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRAS), Auger electron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and temperature programmed desorption, for studying structure and reactivity at surfaces. The chamber and manipulator design enables in situ sample preparation and analysis, and rapid access to several surface-analytical techniques by rotation only. This eliminates sample inconsistencies due to ex situ preparation or the necessity to run parallel experiments. Inclusion of FT-IRAS allows us to characterize surface species and identify adsorbates during studies using STM. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1445863
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrosynthesis of adiponitrile in undivided cells (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 2 (1972), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown that adiponitrile can be synthesized in undivided cells under favourable conditions. Because of strong decomposition of the quaternary ammonium salt support electrolyte, its concentration must be kept at a very low level. To avoid excessive resistance of the cell, the distance between the electrodes must then be smaller than 0·5 mm. We have developed various types of such cells. The ‘capillary gap cell’ is simple in design and can be readily scaled up. Continuous operation is possible. Yields of about 90% of adiponitrile have been obtained. The energy consumption is less than 3 kWh/kg product. Work up of the solutions is greatly facilitated by the low salt concentrations. It has been shown that the anodic oxidation of isopropanol, which is used as cosolvent, is strongly influenced by the acrylonitrile present. A substantial portion of the isopropanol is oxidized to CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615193
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Galvanostatic cycling of graphite intercalation electrodes with anions in aqueous acids (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 12 (1982), S. 505-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Natural graphite flakes (80 wt%), with polypropylene (20 wt%) as a binder, constitute a practical and non-expensive graphite electrode of high crystallinity ‘CPP’. Galvanostatic cycling of these electrodes with current densities in the range 0.3–30 mA cm−2 (charging time 5–120 min) has been investigated in aqueous acids (12, 20 and 36 mol dm−3 HF, 6 and 12 mol dm−3 H2SO4, 4 mol dm−3 HClO4). The anion of the acid is anodically intercalated and cathodically de-intercalated. In spite of the high water concentrations, quantitative current efficiencies have been obtained. From variation of the rest times after charging, a corrosion current density of less than 0.03 mA cm−2 (j ch=3 mA cm−2) has been derived. The overvoltage during charge and discharge is typically about 0.1 V. The potential at the start of the charging process coincides with the intercalation potential defined previously. A strong electrode formation effect is observed upon cycling. The electrode is initially smooth and non-porous; it acquires a high surface roughness after a few cycles, which is then stable. The initial charging curves increase witht 1/2, while the charging curve after electrode formation is linear. Both clearly indicate a linear relationship between surface concentration of intercalated anions and potential. This agrees with our previous finding of linear dependence with respect to acid concentration in the solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614976
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Sechspuls-Brückenschaltung mit gleichspannungsseitiger Kommutierung (1983)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 66 (1983), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents The characteristics of a sixpulse bridge converter with external commutation on the d.c. side are described. For that purpose the waveforms of currents and voltages are evaluated at first neglecting the impedances in the commutation circuits. Next the influence of these impedances on the commutation procedure, on the angle of overlap and on the direct current characteristic is considered. Harmonics in currents and voltages are investigated using some special assumptions. Finally the behaviour of the sixpulse bridge converter with external commutation on the d.c. side is evaluated when working with intermittent current on the a.c. side. The conditions for this operation mode are derived.
    Notes: Übersicht Es werden die wichtigsten Eigenschaften der Sechspuls-Brückenschaltung mit gleichspannungsseitiger Kommutierung beschrieben. Dazu werden zunächst die Strom-und Spannungszeitverläufe ohne Berücksichtigung von Impedanzen im Kommutierungskreis abgeleitet. Danach wird der Einfluß von Impedanzen im Kommutierungskreis auf den Kommutierungsvorgang, auf den Überlappungswinkel und die Steuerkennlinien untersucht. Weiter wird auf Spannungsund Stromoberschwingungen auf der Wechselstrom- und Gleichspannungsseite eingegangen. Es werden diese Oberschwingungen unter vereinfachenden Annahmen berechnet. Zum Abschluß wird auf den auch bei gleichspannungsseitiger Kommutierung auftretenden Lückbetrieb eingegangen. Es werden die Funktion der Schaltung im Lückbetrieb erläutert und die Bedingungen für das Auftreten von lückendem Wechselstrom angegeben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575976
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die gleichspannungsseitige Kommutierung bei netzgeführten Stromrichtern (1982)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 65 (1982), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents The characteristics of converters with natural commutation on the d.c. side are described using the example of a two pulse bridge connection. This type of converters was not evaluated very largely in the past compared to the converters with natural commutation on the a.c. side. In this paper the characteristics of the direct current and the commutation procedure are evaluated. This includes calculating the angle of overlap. The advantagous behaviour of this type of converters is shown when operating in the inverter mode. The equation of the angle of advance is derived. This equation is compared to that of the converter using natural commutation on the a.c. side. The influence of inductances in the commutation circuits on the average value of the direct current is shown. Some systematic remarks are made on single-way connections and double-way connections of converters using natural commutation on the d.c. side.
    Notes: Übersicht Die wichtigsten Eigenschaften von Stromrichtern mit natürlicher, gleichspannungsseitiger Kommutierung werden am Beispiel der Zweipulsbrückenschaltung beschrieben. Dieser Stromrichtertyp wurde in der Vergangenheit im Gegensatz zu den Stromrichtern mit natürlicher, wechselspannungseitiger Kommutierung kaum behandelt. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird auf die Bildung des Gleichstromes und den Kommutierungsvorgang einschließlich der Berechnung des Überlappungswinkels eingegangen. Das vorteilhafte Verhalten dieser Stromrichter im Wechselrichterbetrieb wird mit der Ableitung der Beziehung für den Voreilwinkel gezeigt. Diese wird mit der entsprechenden Beziehung für die Stromrichter mit wechselspannungsseitiger Kommutierung verglichen. Weiter wird auf den Einfluß der Induktivitäten im Kommutierungskreis auf den Mittelwert des Gleichstromes eingegangen. Für Stromrichter mit natürlicher Gleichspannungskommutierung wird schließlich eine Systematik der Schaltungen mit einer Einteilung in Einweg- und Zweiwegschaltungen angegeben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01452147
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct silver bonding – an alternative for substrates in power semiconductor packaging (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (2000), S. 389-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Bonding between silver and ceramics like Al2O3, ZrO2, MgO, AlN, sapphire or quartz glass is obtained by a “liquid phase bonding process” based on the pseudo-binary eutectic between Ag and CuO (at 1 mol %). It melts 15 K below the melting point of pure Ag in air. Excellent wetting between the eutectic liquid and the ceramic surfaces gives mechanically strong, reliable bonds. The bonding mechanism is similar to the well known direct copper bonding (DCB)-process. Our new process is simple and works at 1219±2 K in plain air. It therefore has the potential of massive cost reductions compared to the more complicated DCB-process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008942502309
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