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  • 1
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    Particulate emissions from a mid-latitude prescribed chaparral fire (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Particulate emission from a 400-acre prescribed chaparral fire in the San Dimas Experimental Forest was investigated by collecting smoke aerosol on Teflon and glass-fiber filters from a helicopter, and using SEM and EDAX to study the features of the particles. Aerosol particles ranged in size from about 0.1 to 100 microns, with carbon, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, and iron as the primary elements. The results of ion chromatographic analysis of aerosol-particle extracts (in water-methanol) revealed the presence of significant levels of NO2(-), NO3(-), SO4(2-), Cl(-), PO4(3-), C2O4(2-), Na(+), NH4(+), and K(+). The soluble ionic portion of the aerosol was estimated to be about 2 percent by weight.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 5207-521
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Enhanced biogenic emissions of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide following surface biomass burning (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Recent measurements indicate significantly enhanced biogenic soil emissions of both nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) following surface burning. These enhanced fluxes persisted for at least six months following the burn. Simultaneous measurements indicate enhanced levels of exchangeable ammonium in the soil following the burn. Biomass burning is known to be an instantaneous source of NO and N2O resulting from high-temperature combustion. Now it is found that biomass burning also results in significantly enhanced biogenic emissions of these gases, which persist for months following the burn.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 3893-389
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Nitric acid and ammonia emissions from a mid-latitude prescribed wetlands fire (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The first simultaneous measurements of gaseous nitric acid and ammonia in the smoke plume of a wetlands biomass burn were obtained. The measurements were made using tungsten oxide-coated diffusion denuder tubes from a helicopter during a prescribed burn on November 9, 1987, at the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, located at the NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The mean NH3 and HNO3 mixing ratios measured in the smoke plume were 19 ppbv and 14 ppbv, respectively, both significantly higher than background mixing ratios. Nitric acid correlated well with carbon dioxide produced by the combustion. The mean CO2-normalized emission ratio for HNO3 was found to be 0.00012. Ammonia, however, dit not correlate well with CO2, suggesting a more complex relationship between combustion and production/release of NH3.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 15; 792-795
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Evidence for a decline in the atmospheric accumulation rate of CHClF2 (CFC-22) (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: CHClF2 (CFC-22) is a promising substitute for atmospheric ozone damaging, fully halogenated hydrocarbons. Atmospheric CFC-22 measurements derived from ground-based solar spectra recorded between December 1980 and May 1988 are reported which show that the CFC-22 total column increased at an average annual exponential rate of 7.8 percent + or - 1.0 percent (2 sigma). Compared with other atmospheric data, these measurements indicate that CFC-22 is increasing at a more rapid rate than either CFC-11 or CFC-12, the two most abundant chlorofluorocarbons, but that the rate of CFC-22 increase is likely to have declined over the past few years.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 337; 535-537
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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