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  • Other Sources  (244)
  • Elsevier  (149)
  • Springer  (90)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 2000-2004  (210)
  • 1985-1989  (34)
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  • 1
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    Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0–180°W) (2004)
    Elsevier
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews, 23 (5-6). pp. 529-560.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: The spatio-temporal pattern of peak Holocene warmth (Holocene thermal maximum, HTM) is traced over 140 sites across the Western Hemisphere of the Arctic (0–180°W; north of ∼60°N). Paleoclimate inferences based on a wide variety of proxy indicators provide clear evidence for warmer-than-present conditions at 120 of these sites. At the 16 terrestrial sites where quantitative estimates have been obtained, local HTM temperatures (primarily summer estimates) were on average 1.6±0.8°C higher than present (approximate average of the 20th century), but the warming was time-transgressive across the western Arctic. As the precession-driven summer insolation anomaly peaked 12–10 ka (thousands of calendar years ago), warming was concentrated in northwest North America, while cool conditions lingered in the northeast. Alaska and northwest Canada experienced the HTM between ca 11 and 9 ka, about 4000 yr prior to the HTM in northeast Canada. The delayed warming in Quebec and Labrador was linked to the residual Laurentide Ice Sheet, which chilled the region through its impact on surface energy balance and ocean circulation. The lingering ice also attests to the inherent asymmetry of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that predisposes the region to glaciation and modulates the pattern of climatic change. The spatial asymmetry of warming during the HTM resembles the pattern of warming observed in the Arctic over the last several decades. Although the two warmings are described at different temporal scales, and the HTM was additionally affected by the residual Laurentide ice, the similarities suggest there might be a preferred mode of variability in the atmospheric circulation that generates a recurrent pattern of warming under positive radiative forcing. Unlike the HTM, however, future warming will not be counterbalanced by the cooling effect of a residual North American ice sheet.
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  • 2
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    Single-frame multiparameter platforms for seafloor geophysical and environmental observations: projects and missons from GEOSTAR to ORION (2002)
    Elsevier
    In:  In: Science Technology Synergy for Research in the Marine Environment: Challenges for the XXI Century. , ed. by Beranzoli, L., Favali, P. and Smirglio, G. Developments in marine technology, 12 . Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, p. 2000. ISBN 0-7803-8669-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-27
    Description: The paper presents an overview of recent seafloor long-term single-frame multiparameter platform developed in the framework of the European Commission and Italian projects starting from the GEOSTAR prototype. The main features of the different systems are described as well as the sea missions that led to their validation. The ORION seafloor observatory network recently developed, based on the GEOSTAR-type platforms and engaged in a deep-sea mission at 3300 m w.d. in the Mediterranean Sea, is also described
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Application of depletion methods to estimate stock size in the squid Loligo forbesi in Scottish waters (UK) (2004)
    Elsevier
    In:  Fisheries Research, 69 (2). pp. 211-227.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-27
    Description: Abundance of the loliginid squid Loligo forbesi in Western and Northern Scottish (UK) waters (ICES fishery subdivisions IVa and VIa) 1989–1998 was estimated using “depletion” methods. Fishery catch and effort data for UK and French fishing vessels were obtained from official government statistics. Biological data were collected during monthly sampling visits to Kinlochbervie (Scotland, UK) fish market. Effects of using different indices for natural mortality and different model fits were evaluated. The results indicate initial (pre-fishing season) annual population sizes in the order of 106 animals. Significant between-year variation in the seasonal pattern of body weight and recruitment indicates that contemporaneous biological data, collected every month (or more frequently) are needed to underpin annual estimates.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Oberpfalz Deep Seismic Reflection Survey and Velocity Studies (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Bull., Open-File Rept., The German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB), Site-Section Studies in the Oberpfalz and Schwarzwald, Berlin, Springer, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 99-150, (ISBN 1-86239-165-3, vi + 330 pp.)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989
    Keywords: KTB ; Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Tectonics ; Reflection seismics ; Duerbaum ; Durbaum ; Ruehl ; Ruhl ; Meissner
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    The role of sediment recycling in EM-1 inferred from Os, Pb, Hf, Nd, Sr isotope and trace element systematics of the Pitcairn hotspot (2002)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 196 (3-4). pp. 197-212.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: We present comprehensive radiogenic isotope (Os, Pb, Hf, Nd, Sr) and trace element data on basaltic lavas from Pitcairn Island and the Pitcairn seamounts and examine the origin of the enriched mantle isotopic signature (EM-1) found in these lavas. The 187Os/188Os ratios of the lavas range from 0.131 to 0.254, while those of the high-Os concentration samples (〉50 pg/g) lie between 0.131 and 0.148. All 187Os/188Os ratios are higher than the bulk silicate Earth reference value of 0.127. Since ancient subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) is expected to have a 187Os/188Os ratio less than 0.127, it appears that recycled SCLM plays no role in the Pitcairn source. Variations in 187Os/188Os ratios appear to be unconnected with those of 206Pb/204Pb ratios in Pitcairn lavas, suggesting that Pb and Os isotopic variations are controlled by different factors. Modeling shows that variations in Pb isotopic compositions may mainly reflect the proportion of recycled sediment in the source, while those of 187Os/188Os ratios may reflect the proportion of peridotite mantle versus recycled oceanic crust. The occurrence of negative Nb anomalies in some of the lavas, a correlation between Nb anomaly and 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7036–0.7051), and extremely unradiogenic and strongly correlated Nd and Hf isotopic compositions (ϵNd of −5.9 to +1.1 and ϵHf of −5.3 to +2.2) together suggest that the Pitcairn mantle source contains a recycled continental crustal component. The slope of the ϵHf vs. ϵNd correlation is shallower for Pitcairn Island than for the Pitcairn seamounts or the global OIB array, and may be due to a variable ratio of recycled mud to sand in the Pitcairn source. A trace element mixing model also indicates the presence of small amounts of recycled pelagic and terrigenous sediment and permits variable amounts of depleted components such as recycled MORB, gabbro and depleted mantle. The 206Pb/204Pb ratios of the Pitcairn lavas vary between 17.47 and 18.10 and are very unradiogenic compared to those of other ocean island basalts. By contrast, 208Pb/204Pb ratios are high and relatively homogeneous at values of ∼39.0. This observation along with the measured Th/U ratios of the lavas, which range up to 14.1, indicate a long-term history of U loss in the Pitcairn source. In 207Pb/204Pb–206Pb/204Pb space, the data form a linear array that can be interpreted in terms of mixing between a minor recycled sediment end member and more depleted material. Lead isotopic compositions suitable for the recycled end member were investigated using a three-stage evolution model by Monte Carlo methods and suggest ages between 0.7 and 1.9 Ga for the recycled sediment. The relationships between measured Th/U and radiogenic 208Pb*/206Pb* ratios suggest that the isotopic arrays displayed by the lavas were produced by mixing, probably occurring during magma genesis.
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  • 6
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    Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge: constraints from ODP Leg 204 (2004)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 222 (3-4). pp. 845-862.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-25
    Description: Large uncertainties about the energy resource potential and role in global climate change of gas hydrates result from uncertainty about how much hydrate is contained in marine sediments. During Leg 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) to the accretionary complex of the Cascadia subduction zone, we sampled the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) from the seafloor to its base in contrasting geological settings defined by a 3D seismic survey. By integrating results from different methods, including several new techniques developed for Leg 204, we overcome the problem of spatial under-sampling inherent in robust methods traditionally used for estimating the hydrate content of cores and obtain a high-resolution, quantitative estimate of the total amount and spatial variability of gas hydrate in this structural system. We conclude that high gas hydrate content (30–40% of pore space or 20–26% of total volume) is restricted to the upper tens of meters below the seafloor near the summit of the structure, where vigorous fluid venting occurs. Elsewhere, the average gas hydrate content of the sediments in the gas hydrate stability zone is generally 〈2% of the pore space, although this estimate may increase by a factor of 2 when patchy zones of locally higher gas hydrate content are included in the calculation. These patchy zones are structurally and stratigraphically controlled, contain up to 20% hydrate in the pore space when averaged over zones ∼10 m thick, and may occur in up to ∼20% of the region imaged by 3D seismic data. This heterogeneous gas hydrate distribution is an important constraint on models of gas hydrate formation in marine sediments and the response of the sediments to tectonic and environmental change.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Geology of an active hot spot: Teahitia-Mehetia region in the South Central Pacific (1989)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Geophysical Research, 11 (1). pp. 27-50.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-22
    Description: The Teahitia-Mehetia hot spot region located in the southeastern extension of the Society Islands chain, near 18° S–148° W consists of several active volcanoes. The distribution of recent volcanic activity correlates with seismic epicenters, and covers an area of more than 1000 km2. Intermittent volcanic activity has given rise to large (〉1000 m high) and small (〈500 m high) edifices composed of various types of flows. Several recent volcanic events have produced a suite of alkalic rocks ranging from ankaramites, through alkali basalts to trachy-phonolites. The presence of altered MORB-like tholeiites on one small seamount suggests that a different mantle source material was involved in forming some of the crust in this hot spot region.
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  • 8
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    Hydrothermal studies in the Aegean Sea (2000)
    Elsevier
    In:  Physics and Chemistry of The Earth Part B-Hydrology Oceans and Atmosphere, 25 (1). pp. 1-8.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-03
    Description: The aims of the Aegean Hydrothermal Fluxes and Biological Production project were to estimate the fluxes of fluids, chemicals, heat and bacteria from hydrothermal vents, establish the controls on venting dynamics, measure the productivity in the region of the vents and establish the effect of the vents on biodiversity of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This paper presents an initial synthesis of the project results. Research was done both by land-based SCUBA diving and from several vessels at a number of active sites in the near-shore coastal regions of Milos and Kos, with some additional studies at Methana, Lesbos and Santorini. Vent water composition showed very large variations. This was due to the mixing, of hydrothermal reservoir fluids, vapour condensate and seawater altered by interactions of fluid-sediment-bacteria in different proportions, in the gasohydrothermal vents. The composition ranged from nearly sea water with only slightly reduced pH, to higher or lower salinity fluids with a pH as low as 3 and with large enrichments in heavy and trace metals. Phase separation was a common feature at these shallow vents. The dry gas phase was mainly C02, but with significant amounts of H2S, CH4 and H2. These fluids commonly passed through soft sediments before venting from the seafloor and induced a convection cell of pore-water entrainment from deeper sediment layers into the water column with a consequent ‘re-charge’ down-flow of seawater into the sediment around the vent outlets. Such complex conditions may well explain the high biodiversity of Bacteria, Archaea and epifaunal species surrounding the vents. As many as 44 % of the archaeal lineages detected were found to represent novel phyla. Epifaunal diversity was particularly high with over 200 species recorded at the shallower Milos vents. These vents may form a ‘steppingstone’ for warmer water species to colonise the surrounding areas when water temperatures permit.
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  • 9
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    Biological response of coral reefs to sea surface temperature variation: Evidence from the raised Holocene reefs of Kikai-jima (Ryukyu Islands, Japan) (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Coral Reefs, 20 (3). pp. 221-234.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-21
    Description: The island of Kikai-jima (central Ryukyu Islands, Japan) provides a rare opportunity to define both environmental and biological variations within a reef ecosystem over a geological time frame. This paper documents the palaeo-environmental records archived in the δ18O composition of four Holocene Porites cores collected from the raised reef terraces of Kikai-jima. These coral samples record mean sea surface temperatures of 23.5 °C at 4,220 years B.P., falling to 22.2 °C at 3,790 years B.P. and to a minimum of 21.4 °C at 3,400 years B.P. After this time mean sea surface temperatures rose to 23.5 °C at 1,860 years B.P. before reaching modern-day conditions of 24.9 °C. During the cool water period between 3,790 and 3,400 years B.P., the coral isotope data indicate that sea surface temperatures were below the currently accepted 18 °C minimum temperature for reef development approximately 14% of the time. Biological changes (total coral abundance, colony size, individual coral coverage, genera diversity and evenness) preserved in the raised reef terraces of Kikai-jima can be explained by these variations in Holocene sea surface temperature. The biological data indicate that the coral community at Kikai-jima was ecologically stressed during the cool water period from 3,790 to 3,400 years B.P.; however, in the gross morphological sense the coral community did still constitute a coral reef.
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  • 10
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    ENSIP: the El Nino simulation intercomparison project (2001)
    Springer
    In:  Climate Dynamics, 18 (3-4). pp. 255-276.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-08
    Description:  An ensemble of twenty four coupled ocean-atmosphere models has been compared with respect to their performance in the tropical Pacific. The coupled models span a large portion of the parameter space and differ in many respects. The intercomparison includes TOGA (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere)-type models consisting of high-resolution tropical ocean models and coarse-resolution global atmosphere models, coarse-resolution global coupled models, and a few global coupled models with high resolution in the equatorial region in their ocean components. The performance of the annual mean state, the seasonal cycle and the interannual variability are investigated. The primary quantity analysed is sea surface temperature (SST). Additionally, the evolution of interannual heat content variations in the tropical Pacific and the relationship between the interannual SST variations in the equatorial Pacific to fluctuations in the strength of the Indian summer monsoon are investigated. The results can be summarised as follows: almost all models (even those employing flux corrections) still have problems in simulating the SST climatology, although some improvements are found relative to earlier intercomparison studies. Only a few of the coupled models simulate the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in terms of gross equatorial SST anomalies realistically. In particular, many models overestimate the variability in the western equatorial Pacific and underestimate the SST variability in the east. The evolution of interannual heat content variations is similar to that observed in almost all models. Finally, the majority of the models show a strong connection between ENSO and the strength of the Indian summer monsoon.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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