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  • nitrogen  (54)
  • Springer  (54)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
  • 2000-2004  (12)
  • 1985-1989  (42)
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (54)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Elsevier
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of Septic Effluent for Fecal Coliform and Nitrogen in Coarse-textured Soils: Use of Soil-only and Sand Filter Systems (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 124 (2000), S. 205-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: on-site treatment ; fecal coliform bacteria ; nitrate leaching ; nitrogen ; on-site treatment ; septic effluent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Groundwater effluent sample collectors(zero-tension lysimeters) were installed directlybelow the drainfields of three residential onsitetreatment systems in the Clover/Chambers Creek aquiferregion of Pierce County near Tacoma, WA. The use of asplit effluent delivery system from the septic tank,where half the effluent was delivered under pressureto a normal native soil-only filter system and halfwas delivered to a sand filter system, allowed thedirect comparison of the two commonly-utilized septicsystems for treatment levels. Septic tank effluent(from the septic tank) and percolating water (between0.3 and 0.9 m beneath the effluent distributionlines) was collected between May 1991 and April 1994on 30 occasions. Samples were analyzed for fecalcoliform bacteria, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium andtotal reduced (Kjeldahl) nitrogen. Results of thisstudy indicate that the use of sand filters greatlyincreased removal of fecal coliform bacteria and totalnitrogen. Soil-only filter systems had an average of91% removal of fecal coliforms and 47%of total N; whereas sand filter systems had an averageof 99.8% removal of fecal coliforms and 80% of total N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005298932244
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of the Colorado potato beetle on virus-infected tomato in relation to plant nitrogen and alkaloid content (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: host quality ; nitrogen ; survival ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; plant virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle une contamination par un virs végétal peut accroître la consommation de plantes délaissées ou partiellement résistantes, nous avons examiné les interactions entre Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., et le virus de la mosaïque du tabac (TMV). La survie des larves de L. decemlineata a augmenté avec la contamination par TMV; les teneurs en azote et en tomatine étaient toutes deux plus élevées dans les plantes contaminées par le virus. La survie a augmenté linéairement avec la teneur en azote, mais sans dépendre de la teneur en tomatine. L'influence positive pour L. decemlineata de la contamination par le virus peut être attribuée au moins en partie à la teneur en azote plus élevée. Nos résultats correspondent à l'hypothèse selon laquelle la consommation de plantes délaissées ou partiellement résistantes peut être augmentée par la contamination virale, et que cette contamination peut faciliter l'adaptation d'insectes phytophages sur des plantes marginalement consommables.
    Notes: Abstract Infection by tobacco mosaic virus improved the suitability of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. for survival of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), larvae. This improvement was due, at least in part, to the increase in total nitrogen content of virus-infected plants. The simultaneous increase in tomatine content had no discernable effect on L. decemlineata survival. Our results are consistent with the suggestions that virus infection may improve the suitability of partially resistant or non-preferred hosts, and that virus infection may facilitate the adaption of phytophagous insects to such ‘marginal’ host plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361306
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of winter wheat to N-fertiliser: Quantitative relations for components of growth (1987)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 12 (1987), S. 119-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: fertiliser ; nitrogen ; regression ; response ; winter wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Measurements were made of yield of dry matter, plant-N content, and the distribution of mineral-N down the soil profile in 10 fertiliser-N experiments. In one of them detailed measurements were made throughout growth. Rate of N-uptake by the crop was unaffected by the amount of mineral-N in the upper 90 cm of soil when it was above about 30 kg N ha−1. The %N in plants that received ample N-fertiliser declined with increase in plant mass according to a previously derived equation. During senescence there was an apparent loss of N from the crop. N-nutrition in the different experiments had little effect on the partition of assimilate between grain and straw. At harvest grain and straw weights were well related by a linear model which had the same gradient but different intercepts for each experiment. Grain %N was about four times greater than straw %N. Regression analysis supported the view that high evaporative conditions or temperatures during the growing period induced earlier harvest dates, less grain relative to straw, and a higher %N in the plant when ample N-fertiliser was applied but not when N-fertiliser was withheld. Other analyses indicated that cereal roots were generally unable to extract mineral nitrogen from the soil when the concentration was less than about 0.18 kg N ha−1 cm−1, that at low levels of N-nutrition the recovery of available inorganic-N from soil by the grain and straw was about 80%, and that the average mineralisation rates from early spring to shortly after harvest date varied between 0.22 and 0.88 kg N ha−1 d−1 from site to site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048913
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformations of carbon and nitrogen in a Calciorthid soil amended with a range of organic residues (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 105 (1988), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: extractable carbon ; fulvic acids ; humic acids ; humification ; mineralization ; nitrogen ; oxidizable carbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A calcareous soil was treated with an organic fertilizer mixture of grape debris and peat, or with pig manure, chicken manure, city refuse or with aerobic or anaerobic sewage sludges. Changes in different fractions of carbon and nitrogen were followed by analysis of the soil, immediately after these additions, after they had decomposed for six months in the soil, after a maize harvest, and after a subsequent barley harvest. The various forms of carbon had decreased after six months. The rate of decrease varied with the nature of the organic materials. In all samples, the fulvic acids fraction decreased most. The main transformations happened during the first six months whether there was a crop growing or not, but the crops had no influence on the breakdown of the organic materials. The ratio of humic acids/fulvic acids had increased after six months of humification and, in general terms, the final values of the ratio oxidizable carbon/extractable carbon were lower than the initial ones, indicating a higher degree of humification in the organic matter by the end of the experiment. The total nitrogen level remained practically constant after the first six months of humification even after the second crop. Part of the organic nitrogen of the soil samples amended with chicken manure, city refuse or the two sludges was transformed into mineral nitrogen during the humification process. The extractable nitrogen values increased because of the fertilizer applied during the pot trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02376784
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a nitrogen leaching/mineralization model for sugar beet (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 101 (1987), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: computer model ; fertilizer requirement ; leaching ; mineralization ; nitrogen ; optimum yield ; sugar beet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Tests were made of the ability of a leaching/mineralization model to predict the amounts of mineral N in the soil in spring as a step towards estimating the nitrogen fertilizer requirement of sugar-beet crops. There was good agreement between predicted and measured values, both under conditions of natural winter rainfall and when the soil was covered to prevent leaching. The model also successfully predicted leaching losses of soil mineral N soon after drilling in a year in which early season irrigation and heavy rain induced considerable leaching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371031
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microcosm study of nitrogen utilization in the Great Salt Lake, Utah (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 158 (1988), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: halophiles ; hypersalinity ; Great Salt Lake ; microcosm ; nitrogen ; ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microcosms were used to study the effects of two inorganic nitrogen sources (ammonia and nitrate) and two organic nitrogen sources (urea and glutamic acid) on the growth of algae and bacteria found in the Great Salt Lake, Utah. Ammonia, nitrate and urea stimulated bacterial growth indirectly through increased algal production of unknown organic substances. Glutamic acid, representing readily available organic carbon and nitrogen, stimulated the bacteria directly. No nitrification was observed in the microcosms although nitrite was found when the microcosms were supplemented with nitrate. Lake sediment contained a number of anaerobic bacteria producing hydrogen sulfide, methane and other gases. Production of these gases was stimulated in the columns with high algal and bacterial activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026268
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A laboratory study of phosphorus and nitrogen excretion of Euchlanis dilatata lucksiana (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 186-187 (1989), S. 347-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: rotifers ; Euchlanis ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; excretion ; body size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus (PO4-P) and nitrogen (NH4-N) excretion rates of Euchlanis dilatata lucksiana, a rotifer, isolated from Lake Loosdrecht (The Netherlands) and cultured in the lake water at 18–19 °C, were measured in the laboratory. In a series of experiments, the effects of experiment duration on the P and N excretion rates were examined. The rates measured in the first half-hour were about 2 times higher for P and 2–4 times for N than the rates in the subsequent three successive hours which were quite comparable. Eight experiments were carried out in triplicate, 4 each for P and N excretion measurements, using animals of two size ranges: 60–125 µm and 〉 125 µm. The specific excretion rates varied from 0.06 to 0.18 µg P.mg−1 DW.h−1 and 0.21 to 0.76 µg N.mg−1 DW.h−1. Generally an inverse relationship was observed between the specific excretion rates and the mean individual weight. The excretion rates of Euchlanis measured by us are lower than those reported for several other rotifer species, most of which are much smaller than Euchlanis. Extrapolating the excretion rates of Euchlanis to the other rotifer species in Lake Loosdrecht, and accounting for their density, size and temperature, rotifer excretion appears to be a significant, potential nutrient (N,P) source for phytoplankton growth in the lake. The excretion rates for the rotifers appear to be about two thirds of the total zooplankton excretion, even though the computed rotifer mean biomass is about one-third of the total zooplankton biomass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048931
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of C, N, P and S in grassland soils: a model (1988)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 5 (1988), S. 109-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: soil organic matter ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; sulfur ; simulation ; grasslands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We have developed a model to simulate the dynamics of C, N, P, and S in cultivated and uncultivated grassland soils. The model uses a monthly time step and can simulate the dynamics of soil organic matter over long time periods (100 to 10,000 years). It was used to simulate the impact of cultivation (100 years) on soil organic matter dynamics, nutrient mineralization, and plant production and to simulate soil formation during a 10,000 year run. The model was validated by comparing the simulated impact of cultivation on soil organic matter C, N, P, and S dynamics with observed data from sites in the northern Great Plains. The model correctly predicted that N and P are the primary limiting nutrients for plant production and simulated the response of the system to inorganic N, P, and S fertilizer. Simulation results indicate that controlling the C:P and C:S ratios of soil organic matter fractions as functions of the labile P and S levels respectively, allows the model to correctly simulate the observed changes in C:P and C:S ratios in the soil and to simulate the impact of varying the labile P and S levels on soil P and S net mineralization rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02180320
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus and nitrogen retention in five Precambrian shield wetlands (1989)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 8 (1989), S. 185-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: phosphorus ; nitrogen ; wetlands ; beaver ponds ; conifer swamp ; sedge fen ; Precambrian shield ; nutrient retention ; mass balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus and nitrogen mass balances of five wetlands (two beaver ponds, two conifer-Sphagnum swamps and one sedge fen) situated in three catchments in central Ontario, Canada, were measured. Monthly and annual input-output budgets of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total organic nitrogen (TON), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), ammonium ion (NH4 + -N), nitrate (NO 3 − -N) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were estimated for the five wetlands during the 1982–83 and 1983–84 water years. Except for the deepest beaver pond (3.2 m) which had annual TP retention of −44% (−0.030 ± 0.015 g m−2 yr−1), the wetlands retained 〈 0.001 to 0.015 g M−2 yr−1 ; however, this wasless than 20% of the inputs and the estimated budget uncertainties were equal to or greater than the retention rates. Annual TN retentions ranged from −0.44 to 0.56 g m−2 yr−1 (−12 to 4%) but were not significantly different from zero. The wetlands transformed nitrogen by retaining TIN (16 to 80% RT) and exporting an equivalent amount as TON (−7 to 102% RT). The beaver ponds, however, retained NO 3 − while NH 4 + was passed through or the outputs exceeded the inputs. In contrast, the conifer swamps retained both NH 4 + and NO 3 − . DOC fluxes into and out of the beaver ponds were equal (−18 and 4% RT) but output from the conifer swamps exceeded input by 〉 90%. Marked seasonal trends in nutrient retention were observed. Nutrient retention coincided with low stream flow, increased evapotranspiration and biotic uptake during the summer. Net nutrient export occurred during the winter and spring when stream flows were highest and biotic uptake was low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002888
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic and Volumetric Virial Coefficients of Nitrogen (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1033-1044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: intermolecular potential ; nitrogen ; speed of sound ; virial coefficients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Speeds of sound in nitrogen were measured at temperatures between 170 and 400 K at amount-of-substance densities between 40 and 400 mol·m−3. From these measurements, second and third acoustic virial coefficients were obtained. The parameters of two- and three-body isotropic intermolecular potential-energy models were optimized in a simultaneous fit to the second and third acoustic virial coefficients and the ordinary second and third virial coefficients of nitrogen reported by Nowak et al. The results, which shows that the acoustic and ordinary virial coefficients are mutually consistent, may be used to predict second and third virial coefficients, and their acoustic counterparts, over a wide range of temperatures. The parameters of an anisotropic site-site potential-energy model were also obtained from a fit to the acoustic and ordinary second virial coefficients alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026489719404
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