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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (61)
  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (54)
  • 1965-1969  (1)
  • 1960-1964  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 247-263 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Calibration ; Tensor ; Multivariate ; PCR ; MLR ; PLS ; Regression ; Multidimensional arrays ; Order ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many analytical instruments now produce one-, two- or n-dimensional arrays of data that must be used for the analysis of samples. An integrated approach to linear calibration of such instruments is presented from a tensorial point of view. The data produced by these instruments are seen as the components of a first-, second- or nth-order tensor respectively. In this first paper, concepts of linear multivariate calibration are developed in the framework of first-order tensors, and it is shown that the problem of calibration is equivalent to finding the contravariant vector corresponding to the analyte being calibrated. A model of the subspace spanned by the variance in the calibration must be built to compute the contravarian vectors. It is shown that the only difference between methods such as least squares, principal components regression, latent root regression, ridge regression and partial least squres resides in the choice of the model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 265-280 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Calibration ; Tensor ; Multivariate ; Order ; Regression ; Generalized rank annihilation ; GRAM ; Multi order ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tensorial calibration provides a useful approach to calibration in general. For calibration of instruments that produce two-dimensional (second-order) arrays of data per sample, tensoial concepts are as natural a way of solving the calibration problem as vectorial concepts are for the multivariate problem. Similarly, for third- and higher-order data, the tensorial description of calibration is also useful. This paper introduces second-order calibration from a tensorial point of view. Univariate, multivariate and bilinear approaches to calibration are presented. The generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM) is described from the tensorial perspective, and it is shown that GRAM is equivalent to finding a second-order tensorial base that spans both tensors (calibration and unknown) with respective diagonal component matrices. GRAM uses a single calibration sample for multicomponent analysis even in the presence of interference. Second-order bilinear calibration is extended to multiple calibration samples where the effect of collinearities is reduced.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 3 (1989), S. 493-498 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Rank annihilation ; Generalized rank annihilation method ; Generalized eigenproblem ; Calibration ; Spectral interferents ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An improved algorithm for the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM) is presented. GRAM is a method for multicomponent calibration using two-dimensional instruments, such as GC-MS. In this paper an orthonormal base is first computed and used to project the calibration and unknown sample response matrices into a lower-dimensional subspace. The resulting generalized eigenproblem is then solved using the QZ algorithm. The result of these improvements is that GRAM is computationally more stable, particularly in the case where the calibration sample contains chemical constituents not present in the unknown sample and the unknown contains constituents not present in the calibration (the most general case).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 25 (1985), S. 1055-1055 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1699-1706 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge was carried out in lab-scale reactors for both batch and semicontinuous flow patterns. The reactors were monitored at three different temperatures: 10, 20, and 30°C. During the course of digestion, significant solubilization of volatile suspended solids was observed, and its effect on the magnitude of kinetic coefficients was examined. Differences in metabolic activity and sludge stabilization were found between batch and semicontinuous flow patterns. An Arrhenius-type relationship was not found to apply to rate constants for the semicontinuous reactors.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 171-179 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ultrafiltration through Carbosep M4 mineral membrane of protein solutions of decreasing complexity (whey before and after centrifugation or clarification, β-lactoglobulin) was studied. Mathematical models were used to explain variations in flux with time. Taking into account variations in protein retention and hydraulic resistance of the membrane during ultrafiltration, proteins and lipoproteins were found to be involved not only in the polarization layer (reversible fouling leading to a difference in the osmotic pressure), but also in irreversible fouling by adsorption. Morever, the presence of particles (e.g., inorganic precipitates) in whey explains the build-up of a deposit over and within the membrane which contributes to the decline in flux after 1 h ultrafiltration. The relative importance of these phenomena was quantified.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1710-1716 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of applying the UASB concept for the anaerobic treatment of stillage of distilleries in the sugar producing area of Argentina was subject to study. Results obtained in a 100-L UASB reactor treating stillages with COD values between 35 and 100 g COD/L are presented. Loading rates of up to 24 g COD/L/day were applied with an average COD removal of 75% and a biogas production of more than 9 L/L/day, with an average methane content of 58%. The settling velocity distribution of sludge particles would indicate a good formation of biomass pellets. System interruptions of months without feed and at ambient temperature (20-24°C) were well tolerated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 304-308 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Isooctane-AOT-H2O is a suitable system for studying enzyme behavior in organic solvents. Tyrosinase was able to catalyze a well-known reaction in aqueous medium: oxidation of 4-methylcatechol to yield 4-methyl-o-benzoquinone. This reaction was studied using the preceding ternary system with adequate amounts of each component to make up reverse micelles. 4-Methyl-o-benzoquinone stability was demonstrated in isooctane even at alkaline pH values. Apparent Km and Vmax were similar to those in water, but substrate inhibition was more evident. The pH and temperature appear to be shifted toward high and low values, respectively. Characteristic parameters of reverse micelles, ω0 (= H2O/AOT) and percentage of H2O (v/v), were investigated. The results obtained showed that the steady-state rate varies either with ω0 or with percentage of H2O. The variation observed with ω0 showed an optimal value while an increase in percentage of H2O can lead to decreased or increased activity depending on substrate concentration.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 665-674 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Autocatalysis ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Nitric acid ; Nitrogen oxides ; Reduction mechanism ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to explain and analyze the corrosion process of AISI 304 L stainless steel in the presence of nitric acid condensates, the reduction mechanism of nitric acid was studied on a platinum electrode in various nitric acid solutions (4 mol·L-1, 8 mol·L-1 and 12 mol·L-1) at 100 °C. Classical electrochemical techniques were used: cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry on a stationary electrode as well as on a rotating disk electrode. A reduction mechanism is proposed; this mechanism is autocatalytic and involves a charge-transfer step and a heterogeneous chemical reaction which regenerates the electroactive species at the electrode surface. The electroactive species is assumed to be nitrous acid which is a soluble species. The other compounds involved in the reduction mechanism are NO and NO2, which are supposed to be adsorbed. The nitric acid concentration influences the major product of the reduction process: NO for concentrations lower than 8 mol·L-1 and NO2 for higher concentrations.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Pyrazolate complexes ; Palladium ; Platinum ; N ligands ; Bridging ligands ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Trinuclear complexes containing pyrazolate bridging ligands of the type [NBu4]2[{(C6F5)2 M(μ-pz)(μ-X)}2M′] (M, M′= Pd or Pt; X = Cl, OH, or pz) (Hpz = pyrazole) have been prepared using [NBu4][M(C6F5)2(acac)] (acac = acetylacetonate) or [NBu4]2[M2(C6F5)4(μ-OH)2] and [M′Cl2(Hpz)2] or [M′(Hpz)4]2+ as starting materials. Asymmetric homo- and heterobimetallic complexes of the types [NBu4][R2M(μ-pz)2Pd(η3-allyl)] and [R2M(μ-pz)2M′L2] (allyl = C3H5 or C4H7; L2 = 2 PEt3 or bipy; R = C6F5 or C6Cl5; M, M′ = Pd or Pt) have been obtained starting from [NBu4][MR2(pzHpz)] and [Pd(η3-allyl)(acac)] or [M′L2Cl2], respectively. The identity of the new complexes has been established by NMR (1H, 19F and 31P) spectroscopy. The crystal structure of [{(C6F5)2Pd(μ-pz)(μ-Cl)}2Pd]2- has an inversion centre, with a bent appearance of the Pd3(μ-pz)2(μ-Cl)2 moiety. The crystal structure of [(C6F5)2Pd(μ-pz)2Pd(η3-C4H7)] has also been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, where a boat conformation of the central “Pd2N4” six-membered rings is observed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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