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  • Springer  (108)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (17)
  • 2000-2004  (39)
  • 1990-1994  (86)
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  • 1
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    Evolutionarily conserved nuclear migration genes required for early embryonic development in Caenorhabditis elegans (2001)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0949-944X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-041X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    The Calculative Nature of Microbe?Mineral Interactions (2004)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-03-25
    Print ISSN: 0095-3628
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-184X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiproliferative Activity of Polymer-Bound, Monoamine-Coordinated Platinum Complexes Against LNCaP Human Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma Cells (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 10 (2000), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: antiproliferative activity ; water-soluble polymer–platinum complexes ; LNCaP human metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The chemotherapeutic treatment of secondary, i.e., disseminated cancers, has until now remained an unsatisfactory modality. The LNCaP human metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma cell line lends itself as a useful tool to probe the efficaciousness of novel antineoplastic agents for the control of metastatic cell growth. In this paper we report on a series of cell culture tests assessing the antiproliferative activity of several water-soluble polymer–platinum conjugates in which the metal is tied (anchored) to various polymeric carriers through coordination by a single carrier-attached primary amine ligand. The conjugates are based on polyaspartamide carriers composed, within the backbone, of a majority fraction of subunits bearing water-solubilizing tertiary amine side-group functions and a minority fraction of subunits featuring side chain-terminating primary amino groups for metal binding. Two similarly structured conjugates in which the platinum center is coordinated by two amine ligands in cisoid orientation mimicking the structural skeleton of cisplatin are included in the study for comparison. In all structures cleavage of a side-chain segment is required for release of the monomeric bioactive platinum complex. The growth of LNCaP human metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma cells in RPMI 1640 medium in the presence and absence of the conjugates in a range of concentrations is assessed by a protein assay, and the IC50 values, representing the drug concentrations required for 50% cell growth inhibition relative to untreated control, are determined. The results show both classes of conjugates, those comprising monoamine-coordinated platinum and those featuring cis-diamine-coordinated metal, to be well comparable in antiproliferative activity. A major program of synthesis and evaluation of polymer-bound monoamineplatinum complexes, prompted by these findings, is forthcoming in this laboratory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009456532763
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiproliferative Activity of Polyaspartamide–Ferrocene Conjugates Containing the Biofissionable Carboxamide Function in the Anchoring Links (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 10 (2000), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: ferrocene polymers ; polyaspartamide carriers ; carboxamide ; LNCaP cell line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In continuation of earlier studies probing the cytotoxic properties of polymer-bound ferrocene against the HeLa cell line, the present communication presents the results of cell culture tests performed on a number of polymer–ferrocene conjugates against the LNCaP human metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma line. The water-soluble substrates are polyaspartamide carriers containing primary amine functions as side-group terminals to which the ferrocenylation agent, 4-ferrocenylbutanoic acid, is covalently bound (anchored) through N-acylation, the carboxamide groups so generated in the tether acting as the biofissionable links for release of the monomeric ferrocene compound from the conjugate in the lysosomal compartment. The carrier backbone structures are of the α, β-DL-peptide type preferred in our ongoing work, as this structural configuration allows ultimate chain degradation for efficacious excretion yet prevents fast and premature, α-peptidase-mediated “unzipping” of the peptidic chain. The screens are performed by exposing the selected conjugates 1–7 at various concentrations to cultured LNCaP cells in RPMI medium over a period of 7 days and assessing cell viability by a protein assay. From cell growth data relative to control, plotted against conjugate concentration, the IC50 values, expressed as metal concentrations required for 50% cell growth inhibition, are found to be in the narrow range of 1–10 μg Fe/ml. This compares well with earlier results obtained on selected ferrocene conjugates against the HeLa cell line and, more strikingly still, on analogous, previously tested conjugates containing the square-planar structural skeleton of the cisplatin-type anticancer drug system as the bioactive agent. The present findings, hence, should provide a healthy motivation for more extended studies of polymer-anchored ferrocenes in the biomedical realm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009475909111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Preliminary Study of the Toxicological Properties of Selected Polymer–Ferrocene Conjugates (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 10 (2000), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: toxicology ; polymer–ferrocene conjugates ; polymer–platinum conjugates ; cisplatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Prompted by early observations of the cytotoxic and antineoplastic properties of certain ferrocene and ferricenium derivatives, efforts in this laboratory were focused on the synthesis of carrier-bound ferrocene compounds. Subsequent cell culture tests carried out with selected conjugates obtained in that program showed these polymers to be highly active antiproliferative agents. In the present project toxicological work has been performed in vivo on several ferrocene conjugates in an effort to assess their toxic effects in experimental animals (CD-1 mice). The conjugates, all based on an α,β-DL-polyaspartamide backbone structure, comprise the ferrocene drug model as a terminal on short side chains containing biofissionable amide or ester links for intracellular drug release. The polymers, dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline, have been injected in predetermined concentrations into the vein of the mice, and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) levels have been determined, the latter referring to the highest dose levels administered that would allow long-term survival of the test animals. For the five conjugates tested, MTD levels range from about 3 to 30 mg Fe/kg or 0.05–0.66 mmol Fe/kg. Compared on a molar metal-to-metal basis with similarly structured platinum conjugates tested previously (MTD, ∼0.14–2.66 mmol Pt/kg), these values are indicative of comparatively high toxicity of the ferrocene polymers. Some implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016686522012
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue fracture behavior of chlor-alkali membranes (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 1 (1994), S. 205-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Chlor-alkali membrane ; Fatigue fracture behavior ; Fracture mechanics ; da/dN vs. ΔK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The fatigue fracture behavior of chlor-alkali monolayer membranes is investigated under a condition similar to the membrane electrolysis cell service environment, i.e., at 86°C in brine solution. The linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach, i.e., da/dN vs. AK, is implemented in this study. It is found that the fatigue crack propagation behavior of the chlor-alkali membranes can be successfully characterized via the LEFM technique. The fatigue fracture surfaces of the membranes are also investigated using stereo-optical microscopy and are found to show typical fatigue striation patterns. Detailed experimental procedures for preparing and testing of the membranes are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01374096
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-spectral-resolution rayleigh-mie lidar measurement of vertical aerosol and atmospheric profiles (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 154-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.68.Ay ; 94.10.D ; 92.60.Mt ; 93.30.Hf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new two-channel ground-based high-spectral-resolution Rayleigh-Mie lidar and its operation is described. Upon the inversion of data collected during the night of August 14–15, 1990, with this unique lidar system (553.7 nm), vertical profiles of atmospheric parameters including temperature, potential temperature, pressure and density, as well as aerosol parameters including backscatter-ratio, extinction coefficient and backscatter phase function are determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324067
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreceptor spectral diversity in the retinas of squilloid and lysiosquilloid stomatopod crustaceans (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreceptor ; Retina ; Spectral sensitivity ; Stomatopod ; Visual ecology ; Visual pigment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. We examined the retinas of 2 species of stomatopods in the superfamily Squilloidea, Cloridopsis dubia and Squilla empusa, and 2 species of the super-family Lysiosquilloidea, Coronis scolopendra and Lysiosquilla sulcata, using microspectrophotometry in the visible region of the spectrum. 2. Retinas of all species included numerous photostable pigments, such as green reflecting pigment, hemocyanin, colored oil droplets, and vesicles. Both lysiosquilloid species also had intrarhabdomal filters within specialized photoreceptors of the midband. 3. Squilloid species contained a single visual pigment throughout all photoreceptors, with peak absorption at medium wavelengths (near 515nm). Retinas of lysiosquilloids contained a diversity of visual pigments, with estimated λmax values ranging from 397 to 551 nm. 4. Spectral sensitivity functions were estimated for the lysiosquilloid species based on estimates of visual pigment λnax, photoreceptor dimensions, and specific absorbances of the visual pigments and intrarhabdomal filters. Ommatidia of midband Rows 1 to 4 contained pairs of narrowly tuned spectral receptors, appropriate for spectral discrimination, while ommatidia of midband Rows 5 and 6, and all peripheral ommatidia, had broad spectral sensitivity functions. 5. Lysiosquilloid stomatopods have retinas that closely resemble those of gonodactyloids both structurally and in their visual pigment diversity. In contrast, squilloids have retinas that are much simpler. These differences appear to be related to the habitats and activity cycles of species belonging to the 3 major superfamilies of stomatopod crustaceans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216616
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The retinas of mantis shrimps from low-light environments (Crustacea; Stomatopoda; Gonodactylidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 174 (1994), S. 607-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreceptor ; Retina ; Spectral sensitivity ; Stomatopoda ; Visual ecology ; Visual pigment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. We examined microspectrophotometrically the retinas of 3 species of stomatopods in the superfamily Gonodactyloidea, all of which live in environments that are reduced both in the intensity and spectral range of natural illumination. Species examined were Odontodactylus brevirostris, O. scyllarus, and Hemisquilla ensigera. 2. All 3 species had the typical gonodactyloid diversity of visual pigments, with 8 different photopigments residing in the 4 tiered rows of the midband and 2 additional types in the untiered classes of photoreceptors in the midband and peripheral retina. The spectral range covered by the λmax values of the visual pigments of each species was similar to that of other gonodactyloid and lysiosquilloid species. 3. Apparent retinal adaptations in species of Odontodactylus for vision in dimly lit, spectrally narrow photic environments were seen primarily as specializations of the intrarhabdomal filters. These were of reduced diversity, and had reduced absorption at long wavelengths compared to the filters of other gonodactyloid stomatopods. Retinas of H. ensigera lacked both proximal classes of intrarhabdomal filter, and had the smallest total range of visual pigment λmax yet observed in mantis shrimps. These modifications decrease the spectral range and number of types of narrow-band spectral classes of phooreceptors, while increasing their sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217382
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Minimalist Fault-Tolerant Microcontroller Design for Embedded Spacecraft Computing (2000)
    Springer
    The journal of supercomputing 16 (2000), S. 7-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0484
    Keywords: microcontroller ; fault-tolerance ; embedded computing ; real-time computing ; fault-insertion testing ; space radiation ; single-event effects (SEE)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Inexpensive commodity microcontrollers are extremely attractive for offloading low-level, real-time computations from high-performance spacecraft computers due to their high functional density and low power, but they have not been widely used because of their low radiation tolerance. This paper presents a fault-tolerant microcontroller configuration specifically designed to tolerate space-radiation effects that be used for embedded real-time control in spacecraft. The requirements and fault-environment are examined, then an architecture is presented. An experimental testbed is described along with fault-insertion test results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008142728784
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