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  • Springer  (79)
  • American Physical Society  (12)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (11)
  • 2000-2004  (47)
  • 1990-1994  (55)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploring relationships between semi-variogram and spatial autoregressive models (1993)
    Springer
    Papers in regional science 72 (1993), S. 283-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper seeks to continue the building of a common foundation for spatial statistics and geostatistics. Equations from the conditional autoregressive (CAR) model of spatial statistics for estimating missing geo-referenced data have been found to be exactly those best linear unbiased estimates obtained with the exponential semi-variogram model of kriging, but in terms of the inverse covariance matrix rather than the covariance matrix itself. Further articulation of such relations, between the moving average (MA) and simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) or autoregressive response (AR) models of spatial statistics, and, respectively, the linear and Gaussian semi-variogram models of kriging, is outlined. The exploratory graphical and numerical work summarized in this paper indicates the following: (a) there is evidence to pair the moving average and linear models; (b) the simultaneous autoregressive and autoregressive response model pair with a Bessel function (modified of the second kind and order one) rather than the Gaussian semi-variogram model; (c) both specification error and measurement error can give rise to the nugget effect discussed in geostatistics; (d) restricting estimation to a geographic subregion introduces edge effects that increasingly bias semi-variogram model parameter estimates as the degree of spatial autocorrelation increases toward its upper limit; and (e) the theoretical spectral density function for a simultaneous autoregressive model is a direct extension of that for the conditional autoregressive model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01434277
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The macro quality assurance system for fire safety engineering (1994)
    Springer
    Fire technology 30 (1994), S. 366-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract The comprehensive application of fire safety engineering in modern buildings makes the quality of fire safety equipment a very important aspect of the achievement of fire safety. With its direct relevance to the safety of human life and property, the quality of fire safety engineering in buildings is of concern not only to builders and their clients, but also to various social groups and organizations, ranging from government bodies and business organizations to the individual users of the buildings. Results of the recent research by the authors indicate that the government, insurers, quality certification bodies, building authorities, fire authorities, and trade and professional bodies significantly influence the development of quality assurance in the fire protection industry in the United Kingdom. In this article, the authors explore how these social groups and organizations play their roles in the development of a macro system for quality assurance in the fire protection industry in the U.K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01038071
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal and molecular structure of polymeric dilithium tetra(propionato)cadmium(II): A layered inorganic ionic-organic molecular structure (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 22 (1992), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the title compound is made up of a central sheet containing only metal and oxygen atoms with organic moieties outside and between sheets. The Cd(II) is on a crystallographic center of symmetry and is bound to six propionate oxygen atoms to yield a coordination geometry of an approximate octahedron. Each lithium has four oxygen nearest neighbors to form a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The lithium atoms are in pairs via oxygen bridges to form unsymmetrical Li2O2 parallelograms with a crystallographic center of symmetry in the middle. Crystal data: Li2Cd(C3H5O2)4,M r =419, triclinic,P¯1,a=7.526(1),b=11.296(2),c=4.925(1) Å,α=94.85(2),β=98.04(2), γ=78.97(2)°,V=406(1) Å3,Z=1,D m =1.70(2),D x =1.71 g cm−3, T ≈ 298K,R=0.028 for 2303 reflections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01161367
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative contributions of soil humic acid and humin to the adsorption of toluene onto an aquifer solid (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 47 (1991), S. 547-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01700944
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of some simple pricing strategies under varying expectations of competitor behavior (1993)
    Springer
    Marketing letters 4 (1993), S. 113-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-059X
    Keywords: Pricing ; Competitive Strategy ; Prisoner's Dilemma ; Pricing Competition ; Game Theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract A firm needs to tailor its pricing strategy to the particular competitive setting it faces. We show how a firm can select a pricing strategy that yields higher expected profit than other simple pricing strategies for the competitive conditions encountered. We show that no one strategy yields the highest expected profit for all competitive settings. In particular, we find that a more aggressive pricing strategy is needed for those markets that are either very cooperative or very competitive, while a more cooperative pricing strategy is preferred for markets which have a moderate degree of competition. We also find that a more aggressive pricing strategy is needed as the number of competitors increases. Our results suggest how to choose the pricing strategy that yields the highest expected profit given the likely behavior of a firm's competitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994070
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertebral Deformity in Chinese Men: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Bone Mineral Density, and Body Composition Measurements (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Vertebral deformity — Prevalence — Bone mineral density — Cigarette smoking — Alcohol consumption.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The prevalence and risk factors for vertebral deformity were studied in 396 community-dwelling Chinese men aged 70–79 years. Anterior to posterior (Ha/Hp), middle to posterior (Hm/Hp) and posterior to posterior (Hp/Hp − 1 or Hp/Hp + 1) ratios from T5 to L5 were derived from lateral spine X-ray films, using standardized digitization methods. Using values of 3 standard deviations (SD) or more below the mean and 4 SD or more below the mean as the cutoff, 16% and 7% of these men, respectively, were deemed to have one or more deformed vertebra. Heavy cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and working as a heavy manual worker were risk factors for vertebral deformity. Men with severe vertebral deformity (VHR 〈 mean − 4 SD below mean) had much lower body weight, fat mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) than controls. The odds ratios for severe vertebral deformity was 9.9 (95% CI 2.1–45.7) in the lowest quartile of femoral neck BMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230050009
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unique sequences for two HLA-DRB1 genes expressed on distinct DRw6 haplotypes (1990)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 32 (1990), S. 96-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and DNA sequencing to characterize two distinct DRB1 alleles expressed on DRw52 and DQw7-associated haplotypes but not readily defined by conventional DR serology. These two haplotypes, designated HLA-D “HAG” and “PEV”, react variably with DRw13(w6), DRw14(w6), and the more broad DR “3+6” antisera. Analysis of RFLP revealed that HLA-D “HAG” and “PEV” are associated with different DRw52 variants, and that “HAG” is indistinguishable from DRw18(3) haplotypes. Sequencing of the “HAG” and “PEV” DRB1 genes showed each to represent novel alleles. Nevertheless, these sequences show similarities with the other alleles of the DR5, w6, and w8 family. “HAG” (DRB1*1303) appears to have arisen either from two recombinational events involving at least three DRB1 sequences (DRB1*1101, DRB1*0803, DRB1*0401) or from a single recombinational event together with multiple point mutational events. “PEV” appears to represent a DRB1*1301-1302/DRB1*1101 recombinant allele, with recombination having occured in the region of bases 175 – 198. The results of this study suggest that the DRw52 family haplotypes is derived from a relatively restricted number of ancestral sequences, with diversity among DRB1 alleles within this family arising through gene conversion or recombination events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210446
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth rhythms in the shrimp Penaeus vannamei and P. schmitti (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 115 (1993), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth increments of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus vannamel (Boone) and P. schmitti (Burkenroad) grown in commercial production ponds in Ecuador and Colombia were measured over a 4 mo period between October 1987 and January 1988. P. vannamel grown from wild caught seed in Ecuadorian ponds exhibited a growth rhythm which significantly coincided with lunar phases. Growth increments of at least 1 gwk-1 occurred around a new and full moon, while growth increments of less than 1 gwk-1 occurred during first and last quarters. P. vannamel transported from Ecuador as nauplii, raised in Colombian hatcheries and on grown in Colombian ponds exhibited a cyclic pattern in wet weight increments but not correlation to lunar cycles was observed. P. schmitti showed no cyclic pattern in growth. The two species under consideration are indigenous to two different, and quite unique areas displaying different environmental characteristics. The link between the growth pattern, biological and lunar cycles is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346347
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrate digestion in Penaeus monodon (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 120 (1994), S. 571-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using crude homogenates from the digestive system of pond-cultured Penaeus monodon, carbohydrase activity was demonstrated toward a wide variety of substrates differing in sources and complexity. The largest concentration of this activity was found to be localised within the midgut gland. Multiple pH optima for the hydrolysis of starch suggested the presence of more than one amylase, which was confirmed by partial purification using chromatofocusing. Enzyme characterisation of the amylase activity suggested exohydrolysis in the form of a glucoamylase and possible endohydrolysis in the form of an α-amylase. The complexity of the enzyme profile demonstrated in P. monodon is discussed in relation to possible sources of carbohydrate found in natural food items.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350077
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic oxidations by osmium and ruthenium oxo complexes (1990)
    Springer
    Transition metal chemistry 15 (1990), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01038387
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