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  • pheromone  (3)
  • quantum yield  (3)
  • Cucumis sativus  (2)
  • Springer  (8)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (8)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (8)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual feedback in the control of pheromone-mediated flight ofHeliothis virescens males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 605-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Heliothis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; visual feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract MaleHeliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were made to fly into a uniformly white and translucent tube within a large wind tunnel while responding to sex pheromone. Different visual patterns placed within the tube greatly affected the ability of the male moths to maintain upwind progress or remain oriented to the wind while in contact with the plume. Over 89% of males attempting to fly through a blank tube, lacking visual patterns, became disoriented, the males gaining or losing altitude and repeatedly hitting the sides of the tube. Patterns of 20–40 dots placed on the sides of the tube at or slightly above plume level resulted in high levels of sustained upwind flight (47–74%) relative to patterns placed directly below (30–40%), directly above (35%), or slightly below the level of the flight path (26–44%). Optimal upwind progression in pheromone-responding males occurred when image motion could be resolved both transversely (T), orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the body relative to the horizontal plane of the environment, and longitudinally (L), along the body axis. Even very sparse patterns (single rows of dots) could elicit high levels of sustained upwind flight (53–63%) when positioned within the tube such that the males' movements would create both L and T image motion. However, successful negotiation of the tube was also unexpectedly facilitated by patterns apparently providing no horizontal transverse component for flying males but providing longitudinal flow while centering the moth in the plume through a symmetrical left-right input (4–40%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997435
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration of Pythium nunn and Trichoderma harzianum isolate T-95 for the biological control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 121 (1990), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biological control ; cucumber ; Cucumis sativus ; Pythium damping-off ; Pythium nunn ; Pythium ultimum ; Trichoderma harzianum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two biological control agents, Pythium nunn and Trichoderma harzianum isolate T-95, were combined to reduce Pythium damping-off of cucumber in greenhouse experiments lasting 3–4 weeks. T. harzianum T-95, a rhizosphere competent mutant, was applied to seeds and P. nunn was applied to pasteurized and raw soils naturally and artificially infested with Pythium ultimum. Some treatments were also amended with bean leaves to enhance the activity of P. nunn. The biological control of Pythium damping-off was evaluated in a Colorado soil (Nunn sandy loam) and an Oregon soil mix, which were replanted twice after 2 and 3 months. Interactions between P. nunn and T-95 were detected in the Colorado but not the Oregon soil. No consistent evidence of antagonism between P. nunn and T. harzianum was seen, and significant interactions were detected in the Colorado, but not the Oregon soil. In the first planting of some treatments, the combination of P. nunn and T. harzianum gave greater control of damping-off than either applied alone. P. nunn was most effective in soils that were pasteurized or amended with bean leaves. T. harzianum controlled Pythium damping-off in the Colorado, but not the Oregon soil. In both soils, disease declined over time in treatments amended with bean leaves but without P. nunn or T. harzianum added. This suppression was greater in the Colorado soil, which contained an indigenous population of P. nunn. This work demonstrates that two compatible biological control agents can be combined to give additional control of a soil-borne plant pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012318
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can CO2 assimilation in maize leaves be predicted accurately from chlorophyll fluorescence analysis? (1993)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 37 (1993), S. 89-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: C4 photosynthesis ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; CO2 assimilation ; maize ; Photosystem II ; quantum yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis is made of the energetics of CO2 fixation, the photochemical quantum requirement per CO2 fixed, and sinks for utilising reductive power in the C4 plant maize. CO2 assimilation is the primary sink for energy derived from photochemistry, whereas photorespiration and nitrogen assimilation are relatively small sinks, particularly in developed leaves. Measurement of O2 exchange by mass spectrometry and CO2 exchange by infrared gas analysis under varying levels of CO2 indicate that there is a very close relationship between the true rate of O2 evolution from PS II and the net rate of CO2 fixation. Consideration is given to measurements of the quantum yields of PS II (φ PS II) from fluorescence analysis and of CO2 assimilation ( $$\phi _{CO_2 } $$ ) in maize over a wide range of conditions. The $${{\phi _{PSII} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\phi _{PSII} } {\phi _{CO_2 } }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\phi _{CO_2 } }}$$ ratio was found to remain reasonably constant (ca. 12) over a range of physiological conditions in developed leaves, with varying temperature, CO2 concentrations, light intensities (from 5% to 100% of full sunlight), and following photoinhibition under high light and low temperature. A simple model for predicting CO2 assimilation from fluorescence parameters is presented and evaluated. It is concluded that under a wide range of conditions fluorescence parameters can be used to predict accurately and rapidly CO2 assimilation rates in maize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02187468
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the role of State transitions in determining the efficiency of light utilisation for CO2 assimilation in leaves (1993)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 38 (1993), S. 15-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: CO2 assimilation ; light harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein complex ; Photosystem I ; Photosystem II ; protein phosphorylation ; quantum yield ; State transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Wheat leaves were exposed to light treatments that excite preferentially Photosystem I (PS I) or Photosystem II (PS II) and induce State 1 or State 2, respectively. Simultaneous measurements of CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll fluorescence and absorbance at 820 nm were used to estimate the quantum efficiencies of CO2 assimilation and PS II and PS I photochemistry during State transitions. State transitions were found to be associated with changes in the efficiency with which an absorbed photon is transferred to an open PS II reaction centre, but did not correlate with changes in the quantum efficiencies of PS II photochemistry or CO2 assimilation. Studies of the phosphorylation status of the light harvesting chlorophyll protein complex associated with PS II (LHC II) in wheat leaves and using chlorina mutants of barley which are deficient in this complex demonstrate that the changes in the effective antennae size of Photosystem II occurring during State transitions require LHC II and correlate with the phosphorylation status of LHC II. However, such correlations were not found in maize leaves. It is concluded that State transitions in C3 leaves are associated with phosphorylation-induced modifications of the PS II antennae, but these changes do not serve to optimise the use of light absorbed by the leaf for CO2 assimilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015057
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The consequences of chlorophyll deficiency for photosynthetic light use efficiency in a single nuclear gene mutation of cowpea (1994)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 42 (1994), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: chlorophyll deficient ; CO2 assimilation ; light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex ; mutant ; photochemistry ; PS I ; PS II ; quantum yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The light harvesting and photosynthetic characteristics of a chlorophyll-deficient mutant of cowpea (Vigna unguilata), resulting from a single nuclear gene mutation, are examined. The 40% reduction in total chlorophyll content per leaf area in the mutant is associated with a 55% reduction in pigment-proteins of the light harvesting complex associated with Photosystem II (LHC II), and to a lesser extent (35%) in the light harvesting complex associated with Photosystem I (LHC I). No significant differences were found in the Photosystem I (PS I) and Photosystem II (PS II) contents per leaf area of the mutant compared to the wildtype parent. The decreases in the PS I and PS II antennae sizes in the mutant were not accompanied by any major changes in quantum efficiencies of PS I and PS II in leaves at non-saturating light levels for CO2 assimilation. Although the chlorophyll deficiency resulted in an 11% decrease in light absorption by mutant leaves, their maximum quantum yield and light saturated rate of CO2 assimilation were similar to those of wildtype leaves. Consequently, the large and different decreases in the antennae of PS II and PS I in the mutant are not associated with any loss of light use efficiency in photosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019054
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration ofPythium nunn andTrichoderma harzianum isolate T-95 for the biological control of Pythium damping-off of cucumber (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 122 (1990), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biological control ; cucumber ; Cucumis sativus ; Pythium damping-off ; Pythium nunn ; Pythium ultimum ; Trichoderma harzianum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two biological control agents,Pythium nunn andTrichoderma harzianum isolate T-95, were combined to reduce Pythium damping-off of cucumber in greenhouse experiments lasting 3–4 weeks.T. harzianum T-95, a rhizosphere competent mutant, was applied to seeds andP. nunn was applied to pasteurized and raw soils naturally and artificially infested withPythium ultimum. Some treatments were also amended with bean leaves to enhance the activity ofP. nunn. The biological control of Pythium damping-off was evaluated in a Colorado soil (Nunn sandy loam) and an Oregon soil mix, which were replanted twice after 2 and 3 months. Interactions betweenP. nunn and T-95 were detected in the Colorado but not the Oregon soil. No consistent evidence of antagonism betweenP. nunn andT. harzianum was seen, and significant interactions were detected in the Colorado, but not the Oregon soil. In the first planting of some treatments, the combination ofP. nunn andT. harzianum gave greater control of damping-off than either applied alone.P. nunn was most effective in soils that were pasteurized or amended with bean leaves.T. harzianum controlled Pythium damping-off in the Colorado, but not the Oregon soil. In both soils, disease declined over time in treatments amended with bean leaves but withoutP. nunn orT. harzianum added. This suppression was greater in the Colorado soil, which contained an indigenous population ofP. nunn. This work demonstrates that two compatible biological control agents can be combined to give additional control of a soil-borne plant pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02444239
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and bioassay of sex pheromone components of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1973-1988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Flight tunnel ; gas chromatography-electrophysiology ; mass ; spectrometry ; aldehydes ; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal ; (Z,E)-9,11-tetra-decadienal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three sex pheromone components of the carob moth were isolated and identified from the extract of female pheromone glands, using a variety of techniques including coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, microozonolysis, electroantennographic assays of monounsaturated standards, wind-tunnel bioassays, and field trials. The major component was identified as (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal, a novel lepidopterous pheromone component structure. Two minor components, either one of which improves the upwind flight response of males when blended with the major component, were identified as (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienal, and (Z)-9-tetra-decenal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992582
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An equilibrium and stability study of Δ1-pyrroline (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1595-1602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrrole ; pheromone ; Δ1-pyrroline ; [1H]NMR spectroscopy ; [13C]NMR spectroscopy ; equilibrium ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; Ceratitis capitata ; Diptera ; Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several properties of the compound 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole(A1-pyrroline), which has been reported as a component of the male-produced Mediterranean fruit fly pheromone, have been determined by [1H]- and [13C]nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The stability of Δ1-pyrroline in several solvents and at moderately elevated temperatures has been investigated, and it has been established that it exists as both a monomer and trimer in solution. Although equilibrium studies indicate that the trimer is thermodynamically more stable than the monomer in solution, only the monomer was found in the vapor phase based on infrared analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993232
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