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  • Pyralidae  (4)
  • pheromone  (3)
  • Chlorophyll fluorescence  (2)
  • Springer  (8)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (8)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934
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  • Springer  (8)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of volatile compounds from fungus-infected date fruit that stimulate upwind flight in femaleEctomyelois ceratoniae (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Ectomyelois ceratoniae ; carob moth ; host-finding ; Phoenix dactylifera ; dates ; gas chromatography-electrophysiology ; mass spectrometry ; wind tunnel ; attraction ; volatiles ; headspace
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four volatile compounds emitted from fungus-infected date fruit,Phoenix dactylifera L., were identified using coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, electroantennographic assays of synthetic standards, and wind tunnel bioassays. These compounds were ethyl hexanoate, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and 2-phenylethanol. Wind tunnel bioassays showed that ethyl hexanoate was capable of stimulating upwind flight and landing on the source by mated female carob moths,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller). Addition of both ethanol and acetaldehyde to ethyl hexanoate resulted in an increase in attraction to a level similar to that found for date fruits. No such effect was noted for additions of 2-phenylethanol at the dosages tested. In this study, it appears that ethyl hexanoate is a dominant olfactory stimulant and attractant for mated female carob moths, and represents a novel compound with regard to previously identified lepidopteran host odor attractants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383810
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Visual feedback in the control of pheromone-mediated flight ofHeliothis virescens males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 605-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): Heliothis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; visual feedback
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract MaleHeliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were made to fly into a uniformly white and translucent tube within a large wind tunnel while responding to sex pheromone. Different visual patterns placed within the tube greatly affected the ability of the male moths to maintain upwind progress or remain oriented to the wind while in contact with the plume. Over 89% of males attempting to fly through a blank tube, lacking visual patterns, became disoriented, the males gaining or losing altitude and repeatedly hitting the sides of the tube. Patterns of 20–40 dots placed on the sides of the tube at or slightly above plume level resulted in high levels of sustained upwind flight (47–74%) relative to patterns placed directly below (30–40%), directly above (35%), or slightly below the level of the flight path (26–44%). Optimal upwind progression in pheromone-responding males occurred when image motion could be resolved both transversely (T), orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the body relative to the horizontal plane of the environment, and longitudinally (L), along the body axis. Even very sparse patterns (single rows of dots) could elicit high levels of sustained upwind flight (53–63%) when positioned within the tube such that the males' movements would create both L and T image motion. However, successful negotiation of the tube was also unexpectedly facilitated by patterns apparently providing no horizontal transverse component for flying males but providing longitudinal flow while centering the moth in the plume through a symmetrical left-right input (4–40%).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997435
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Behavioral and electrophysiological activity of (Z,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate, a mimic of the major sex pheromone component of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 2331-2352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal ; mimic ; (Z,E)-7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate ; wind tunnel ; attractant ; electrophysiology ; receptor cell
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The behavioral and electrophysiological activity of a mimic [(Z,E)7,9,11-dodecatrienyl formate] of the major sex pheromone component [(Z,E) 9,11,13-tetradecatrienal] of carob moth was assessed. Wind-tunnel bioassays demonstrated that the formate was as effective as natural gland extracts, and significantly more effective than the trienal alone or than the trienal blended with two minor pheromone components, in evoking source contact. Dispensers containing the formate were as effective as trienal-containing blend lures in attracting males when placed at the same dosage in traps in date gardens. Single-cell recordings showed that at least two olfactory neurons, differentiated by spike amplitude, are located in the long trichoid hairs on male carob moth antennae. Dose-response relationships indicated that puffs from cartridges loaded with at least 0.1 μg of the formate or of the trienal were necessary to elicit spiking by either the small or the large-spiking cell within a sensillum. Cross-adaptation studies demonstrated that both compounds stimulated the same large-spiking cell. The frequencies of spikes evoked from the large cell when stimulated by emissions from 0.1-μg, 1-μg, or 10-μg cartridges of either the formate or the trienal were not significantly different, suggesting that the formate is an effective mimic of the trienal at the antennal receptor cell level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984953
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysing the responses of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to long-term elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration (1993)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 104-105 (1993), S. 33-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Schlagwort(e): Greenhouse effect ; Chlorophyll fluorescence ; RubisCQ ; Photosystem II ; Stomata ; Quantum efficiency
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Understanding how photosynthetic capacity acclimatises when plants are grown in an atmosphere of rising CO2 concentrations will be vital to the development of mechanistic models of the response of plant productivity to global environmental change. A limitation to the study of acclimatisation is the small amount of material that may be destructively harvested from long-term studies of the effects of elevation of CO2 concentration. Technological developments in the measurement of gas exchange, fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy, coupled with theoretical developments in the interpretation of measured values now allow detailed analyses of limitations to photosynthesisin vivo. The use of leaf chambers with Ulbricht integrating spheres allows separation of change in the maximum efficiency of energy transduction in the assimilation of CO2 from changes in tissue absorptance. Analysis of the response of CO2 assimilation to intercellular CO2 concentration allows quantitative determination of the limitation imposed by stomata, carboxylation efficiency, and the rate of regeneration of ribulose 1:5 bisphosphate. Chlorophyll fluorescence provides a rapid method for detecting photoinhibition in heterogeneously illuminated leaves within canopies in the field. Modulated fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy allow parallel measurements of the efficiency of light utilisation in electron transport through photosystems I and IIin situ.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048143
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relationship between non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and the rate of photosystem 2 photochemistry in leaves (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 25 (1990), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorophyll fluorescence ; flash-induced kinetics ; fluorescence quenching ; non-photochemical quenching ; photochemistry ; photosystem 2
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract It has been suggested previously that non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence is associated with a decrease in the rate of photosystem 2 (PS 2) photochemistry. In this study analyses of fluorescence yield changes, induced by flashes in leaves exhibiting different amounts of non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence, are made to determine the effect of non-photochemical excitation energy quenching processes on the rate of PS 2 photochemistry. It is demonstrated that both the high-energy state and the more slowly relaxing components of non-photochemical quenching reduce the rate of PS 2 photochemistry. Flash dosage response curves for fluorescence yield show that non-photochemical quenching processes effectively decrease the relative effective absorption cross-section for PS 2 photochemistry. It is suggested that non-photochemical quenching processes exert an effect on the rate of PS 2 photochemistry by increasing the dissipation of excitation energy by non-radiative processes in the pigment matrices of PS 2, which consequently results in a decrease in the efficiency of delivery of excitation energy for PS 2 photochemistry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033166
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification and bioassay of sex pheromone components of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1973-1988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Flight tunnel ; gas chromatography-electrophysiology ; mass ; spectrometry ; aldehydes ; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal ; (Z,E)-9,11-tetra-decadienal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Three sex pheromone components of the carob moth were isolated and identified from the extract of female pheromone glands, using a variety of techniques including coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, microozonolysis, electroantennographic assays of monounsaturated standards, wind-tunnel bioassays, and field trials. The major component was identified as (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal, a novel lepidopterous pheromone component structure. Two minor components, either one of which improves the upwind flight response of males when blended with the major component, were identified as (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienal, and (Z)-9-tetra-decenal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992582
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of chemicals mediating ovipositional host-plant finding byAmyelois transitella females (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 599-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Host finding ; Amyelois transitella ; navel orangeworm ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; flight behavior ; chemoorientation ; attraction ; fatty acids ; oleic ; linoleic ; palmitic
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Ovipositional host-finding in the navel orangeworm,Amyelois transitella (Walker), is brought about by an in-flight response to host odors. Wind-tunnel studies of the response of gravid females to almonds showed that this response is mediated primarily by long-chain fatty acids, particularly oleic acid and linoleic acid. Evidence for the behavioral activity of fatty acids is based on the fact that: (1) behavioral activity of almond oil was concentrated in a single liquid chromatographic fraction whose composition was predominantly long-chain fatty acids, (2) behavioral activity was lost when either almond oil or the active fraction of that oil was treated with diazomethane, (3) full activity was elicited by a selective extraction of free fatty acids from crude almond oil, and (4) upwind response by females was elicited by a blend of synthetic oleic and linoleic acids, albeit at a level less than that elicited by almond oil. Five fatty acids identified from the almond oil were: myristic acid (1%), palmitic acid (16%), stearic acid (3%), oleic acid (58%), and linoleic (22%). Attraction to various combinations of synthetic acids was observed only when oleic acid was present, and oleic acid elicited upwind flights to the source when presented alone; however, short-range responses were enhanced by the addition of linoleic acid, which elicited no long-range orientation by itself. Despite significant levels of attraction to synthetic blends, the percentage of females flying to the source was lower than that flying to acidulated almond oil, the best natural attractant tested. Thus, although longrange response may be mediated primarily by a blend of oleic and linoleic acids, additional and as yet unidentified components must also play an important role. Long-range chemically modulated host finding in this and other generalist plant feeders is discussed with respect to current models of the evolution of host finding, and it is argued that suggestions that long-range host finding should be correlated with narrowness of host utilization are logically flawed and are not supported by our current understanding of specific examples of host finding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982129
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An equilibrium and stability study of Δ1-pyrroline (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1595-1602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrrole ; pheromone ; Δ1-pyrroline ; [1H]NMR spectroscopy ; [13C]NMR spectroscopy ; equilibrium ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; Ceratitis capitata ; Diptera ; Tephritidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Several properties of the compound 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole(A1-pyrroline), which has been reported as a component of the male-produced Mediterranean fruit fly pheromone, have been determined by [1H]- and [13C]nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The stability of Δ1-pyrroline in several solvents and at moderately elevated temperatures has been investigated, and it has been established that it exists as both a monomer and trimer in solution. Although equilibrium studies indicate that the trimer is thermodynamically more stable than the monomer in solution, only the monomer was found in the vapor phase based on infrared analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993232
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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