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  • 2000-2004  (128)
  • 1990-1994  (120)
  • 1960-1964  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 3856-3861 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A compact interferometer using a grating beamsplitter is reported. The phase of the interference signal was adjusted by using the moire effect of the gratings, so that a small optical path difference was compensated precisely by the magnified displacement of the grating. The optical system was analyzed theoretically on the basis of the Fourier optics. For the interferometric measurement in the microscopic region, a compact optical system was assembled from the microscopic objective and the 25-μm gratings. The characteristics of the proposed interferometer were investigated in the measurements of film thickness, piezoelectric vibration, and photoacoustic effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3007-3012 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Boron nitride films prepared by reactive ion plating from a boron evaporation source were characterized structurally using three independent electron optical techniques: energy filtered electron diffraction with radial distribution function analysis; electron energy-loss spectroscopy of the near-edge structure of the boron K edge; and spectroscopy of the plasmon region of the energy-loss spectrum. Both specimens had a graded BNx layer between the BN layer and the silicon substrate and in addition one specimen had a titanium bonding layer underneath the BNx layer. The presence of c-BN in both specimens was confirmed by all techniques. The specimen with the titanium bonding layer was examined in cross section and showed essentially pure c-BN on the surface. A model for the formation of c-BN assisted by the compressive stress generated during deposition is proposed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 2786-2792 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The long-time behavior of charged particles in plasma turbulence with uniform broad wave spectrum is studied numerically. The diffusivity of the particle velocity distribution is characterized by the quasilinear nature for extended time, while a transient diffusion precedes with the enhanced nonquasilinear diffusion rate when resonance overlapping is relatively weak. The observed long-time quasilinear diffusion coefficient eventually decreases due to the finiteness of the resonance region. The transient-type diffusion is revealed only by the higher-order numerical calculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 409-414 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple method for obtaining higher-order solutions of a solitary wave is presented. The method is based on the higher-order approximation of the reductive perturbation method. As a model equation, the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation with fifth-order dispersion term is employed and higher-order solutions are obtained. In the case of ion-acoustic solitary wave, the fourth-order solution is given explicitly and is compared with numerical solutions. The fourth-order solution is shown to be valid if a normalized wave amplitude is less than 0.5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 2573-2575 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this letter, a variant of scanning force microscope for detecting attractive forces is reported. The force gradients of the attractive forces acting in two orthogonal directions were detected simultaneously from the resonant frequency shifts of a cantilever oscillating in two directions. Using the fine electrode sample, the distributions of the electrostatic forces acting in lateral and vertical directions were visualized separately.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 3206-3208 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nitrogen-containing carbon films where deposited by reactive ion plating under a pure nitrogen ambient. Knoop hardness, microindentation hardness, and microscratch hardness of these films were evaluated. Indentation hardness, such as Knoop hardness and microindentation hardness, is influenced by surface roughness and substrate hardness, so the effect of nitrogen inclusion on the hardness cannot be clearly evaluated. In contrast, an atomic force microscope can clearly evaluate the effect of nitrogen inclusion on scratched wear depth. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 46-48 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We examined the change in photoluminescence spectra of porous Si when it is oxidized then deoxidized chemically. After both steps, photoluminescence shifted to higher frequencies and increased in intensity. These shifts to higher frequencies indicate the photoluminescence is a result of the quantum size effect. Moreover, the increase in photoluminescence intensity after oxidation suggests that termination by hydrogen on the porous Si surface does not always play a key role in the photoluminescence mechanism.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Water (H2 15O) translocation from the roots to the top of rice plants (Oryza saliva L. cv. Nipponbare) was visualized over time by a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). H2 15O flow was activated 8 min after plants were exposed to bright light (1 500 μmol m−2 s−1). When the light was subsequently removed, the flow gradually slowed and completely stopped after 12 min. In plants exposed to low light (500 μmol m−2 s−1), H2 15O flow was activated more slowly, and a higher translocation rate of H2 15O was observed in the same low light at the end of the next dark period. NaCl (80 mM) and methylmercury (1 mM) directly suppressed absorption of H2 15O by the roots, while methionine sulfoximine (1 mM), abscisic acid (10 μM) and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (10 mM) were transported to the leaves and enhanced stomatal closure, reducing H2 15O translocation.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 11 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract – The residency and movement of stream-dwelling adult (2+ and older) Japanese charr, Salvelinus leucomaenis, were studied by mark and recapture experiments in the Jadani Stream, a headwater tributary of the Tedori River, central Japan, from 1986 to 1989. Of the marked fish, 31.3–58.3% were recaptured in the same pools where they had been caught during the study periods of summer (June–August), autumn (August–November) and winter–spring (November to the next June) and no seasonal movement was observed. The mean distances that the fish moved during the study periods ranged from 139.0 to 502.3 m and many movements longer than 1000 m were observed. Between the resident and the moved fish, there was little difference in body length, growth rate or sex. For the fish that had been resident in the same pools and riffles at previous recaptures, most fish were recaptures in the same locations at the next recapture. Conversely, for the fish that moved previously, most fish were recaptured in different locations from previous sites at the next recapture. These results suggest that Japanese charr exhibit relatively high residency throughout the year, but many fish moved longer distance. The results also suggest the presence of static and mobile components in the charr population.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Circadian rhythm ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Cysteamine ; Somatostatin ; Brain slice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Somatostatin is synthesized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a circadian pacemaker in mammals. To explore the functional significance of somatostatin in the circadian system, we examined rhythms of rat locomotor activity and electrical firing rate of SCN neurons in the brain slice after temporal depletion of somatostatin levels in the SCN. Intraperitoneal administration of cysteamine (200 mg/kg), a somatostatin depletor, significantly reduced somatostatin level in the in vivo SCN 5 min after injection and kept low level as long as 3 to 4 days. This administration, on the other hand, induced significant phase advances of about 51 min in the subsequent free-running rhythm of locomotor activity of the rat. A marked phase advance in the circadian rhythm of firing rate in the SCN was also observed after administration of cysteamine in coronal hypothalamic slices. These persistent phase shifts after administration of a somatostatin depletor may suggest that the change of somatostatin level in the SCN have a feedback influence on the circadian pacemaker.
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