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  • pheromone  (4)
  • Ricinus  (3)
  • global optimization
  • Springer  (10)
  • Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 1990-1994  (7)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934
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Keywords
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  • Springer  (10)
  • Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual feedback in the control of pheromone-mediated flight ofHeliothis virescens males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 605-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Heliothis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; visual feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract MaleHeliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were made to fly into a uniformly white and translucent tube within a large wind tunnel while responding to sex pheromone. Different visual patterns placed within the tube greatly affected the ability of the male moths to maintain upwind progress or remain oriented to the wind while in contact with the plume. Over 89% of males attempting to fly through a blank tube, lacking visual patterns, became disoriented, the males gaining or losing altitude and repeatedly hitting the sides of the tube. Patterns of 20–40 dots placed on the sides of the tube at or slightly above plume level resulted in high levels of sustained upwind flight (47–74%) relative to patterns placed directly below (30–40%), directly above (35%), or slightly below the level of the flight path (26–44%). Optimal upwind progression in pheromone-responding males occurred when image motion could be resolved both transversely (T), orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the body relative to the horizontal plane of the environment, and longitudinally (L), along the body axis. Even very sparse patterns (single rows of dots) could elicit high levels of sustained upwind flight (53–63%) when positioned within the tube such that the males' movements would create both L and T image motion. However, successful negotiation of the tube was also unexpectedly facilitated by patterns apparently providing no horizontal transverse component for flying males but providing longitudinal flow while centering the moth in the plume through a symmetrical left-right input (4–40%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997435
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interval Newton/generalized bisection when there are singularities near roots (1990)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 25 (1990), S. 181-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Nonlinear algebraic systems ; Newton's method ; interval arithmetic ; Gauss-Seidel method ; global optimization ; singularities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Interval Newton methods in conjunction with generalized bisection are important elemetns of algorithms which find theglobal optimum within a specified box X ⊂ ℝn of an objective function ϕ whose critical points are solutions to the system of nonlinear equationsF(X)=0with mathematical certainty, even in finite presision arithmetic. The overall efficiency of such a scheme depends on the power of the interval Newton method to reduce the widths of the coordinate intervals of the box. Thus, though the generalized bisection method will still converge in a box which contains a critical point at which the Jacobian matrix is singular, the process is much more costly in that case. Here, we propose modifications which make the generalized bisection method isolate singular solutions more efficiently. These modifications are based on an observation about the verification property of interval Newton methods and on techniques for detecting the singularity and removing the region containing it. The modifications assume no special structure forF. Additionally, one of the observations should also make the algorithm more efficient when finding nonsingular solutions. We present results of computational experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283694
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free tryptophan and indole-3-acetic acid levels in the leaves and vascular pathways of Ricinus communis L. (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 148 (1980), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: IAA ; Phloem sap ; Ricinus ; Tryptophan ; Xylem sap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Levels of free tryptophan in the leaves, phloem and xylem saps of Ricinus communis L. were determined by colorimetric assay. Values of 0.38 μg ml-1 in root pressure sap and 96.0 μg ml-1 in phloem sap were recorded. Tryptophan levels were highest in mature and senescing leaves. Levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA) in the phloem sap and leaves were determined by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry using a deuterated internal standard. A mean value of 13.0 ng ml-1 was recorded in phloem sap. The distribution in the leaves showed an inverse relationship to that of tryptophan, being highest in young leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385444
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hairpencil pheromone components of male oriental fruit moths,Grapholitha molesta (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 947-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hairpencil ; pheromone ; Grapholitha molesta ; Lipidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Oriental fruit moth ; ethyltrans-cinnamate ; mellein ; methyl jasmonate ; methyl 2-epijasmonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract MaleGrapholitha molesta hairpencil components are ethyltrans-cinnamate, mellein, methyl jasmonate, and methyl 2-epijasmonate. The natural behavioral effect elicited by hairpencil-displaying males during courtship in attracting sex-pheromone-releasing females from several centimeters away can be duplicated by mixtures of ethyltrans-cinnamate in various combinations with the other components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987661
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biosynthesis and translocation of 14C-IAA in Ricinus communis (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 15 (1994), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: IAA synthesis ; phloem sap ; Ricinus ; tryptophan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The biosynthesis of 14C-IAA from 14C-tryptophan applied to abraded leaves of Ricinus communis and its subsequent export through the phloem were studied. Phloem sap was collected at intervals from incisions made in the stem below the IAA fed leaf. Any upward movement of label through the phloem or downward movement of phloem mobile compounds from leaves above the treated one were restricted by bark-ringing the plants. TLC and HPLC analyses of the collected sap indicate that some conversion of 14C-tryptophan to 14C-IAA had occurred. Subsequent GC-MS analysis of the HPLC purified samples of phloem sap revealed high levels of endogenous IAA transported from the fed leaf. The high ratio of unlabelled/labelled IAA in the phloem sap makes unequivocal confirmation by GC-MS of the predicted biosynthesis of 14C-IAA impossible. It is postulated that IAA is synthesised from tryptophan in mature leaves and exported to developing sink tissues with the flow of photoassimilates in the phloem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular transport of auxins and cytokinins in Ricinus (2000)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 32 (2000), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: auxins ; cytokinins ; Ricinus ; phloem sap ; xylem sap ; vascular transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of vascular saps supplying source and sink organs havedemonstrated the presence of major endogenous hormones and/or theirprecursors. Indol-3yl-acetic acid, a number of gibberellins, cytokininsand abscisic acid, as well as the precursor for ethylene production havebeen found in these vascular saps, allowing the sites of hormonalsynthesis and putative target tissues to be deduced. Exogenously appliedhormones are also readily loaded into these vascular pathways and may betranslocated over considerable distances from a point of application.Observations such as these indicate a possible co-ordination systembetween source and sink regulated by the synthesis and transport ofendogenous hormones. It is widely accepted that the partitioning ofassimilates between photosynthetic source organs and utilising sinkorgans is regulated by endogenous plant hormones. The key intermediatesteps involved in assimilate transport, such as phloem loading andunloading, have been shown to be responsive to applied hormones,although the role of endogenous hormones in these processes remainsessentially unresolved. Results of the analyses of vascular saps fromRicinus communis, which have been obtained using a range ofphysicochemical methods, are compared and contrasted with those obtainedby the application of exogenous hormones or their precursors. Theseresults are evaluated critically and interpreted in the light of currentmodels of source:sink regulatory processes and the long-distancetransport of auxins and cytokinins in higher plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010749411009
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An interval branch and bound algorithm for bound constrained optimization problems (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of global optimization 2 (1992), S. 259-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Primary: 65K10 ; Secondary: 65G10 ; Nonlinear algebraic systems ; Newton's method ; interval arithmetic ; Gauss-Seidel method ; global optimization ; singularities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we propose modifications to a prototypical branch and bound algorithm for nonlinear optimization so that the algorithm efficiently handles constrained problems with constant bound constraints. The modifications involve treating subregions of the boundary identically to interior regions during the branch and bound process, but using reduced gradients for the interval Newton method. The modifications also involve preconditioners for the interval Gauss-Seidel method which are optimal in the sense that their application selectively gives a coordinate bound of minimum width, a coordinate bound whose left endpoint is as large as possible, or a coordinate bound whose right endpoint is as small as possible. We give experimental results on a selection of problems with different properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171829
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cluster problem in multivariate global optimization (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of global optimization 5 (1994), S. 253-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2916
    Keywords: Branch and bound principle ; inclusion function ; interval extensions ; midpoint test ; global optimization ; order of an interval extension ; nonconvex optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider branch and bound methods for enclosing all unconstrained global minimizers of a nonconvex nonlinear twice-continuously differentiable objective function. In particular, we consider bounds obtained with interval arithmetic, with the “midpoint test,” but no acceleration procedures. Unless the lower bound is exact, the algorithm without acceleration procedures in general gives an undesirable cluster of boxes around each minimizer. In a previous paper, we analyzed this problem for univariate objective functions. In this paper, we generalize that analysis to multi-dimensional objective functions. As in the univariate case, the results show that the problem is highly related to the behavior of the objective function near the global minimizers and to the order of the corresponding interval extension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01096455
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and bioassay of sex pheromone components of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1973-1988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Flight tunnel ; gas chromatography-electrophysiology ; mass ; spectrometry ; aldehydes ; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal ; (Z,E)-9,11-tetra-decadienal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three sex pheromone components of the carob moth were isolated and identified from the extract of female pheromone glands, using a variety of techniques including coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, microozonolysis, electroantennographic assays of monounsaturated standards, wind-tunnel bioassays, and field trials. The major component was identified as (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal, a novel lepidopterous pheromone component structure. Two minor components, either one of which improves the upwind flight response of males when blended with the major component, were identified as (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienal, and (Z)-9-tetra-decenal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992582
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An equilibrium and stability study of Δ1-pyrroline (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1595-1602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrrole ; pheromone ; Δ1-pyrroline ; [1H]NMR spectroscopy ; [13C]NMR spectroscopy ; equilibrium ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; Ceratitis capitata ; Diptera ; Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several properties of the compound 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole(A1-pyrroline), which has been reported as a component of the male-produced Mediterranean fruit fly pheromone, have been determined by [1H]- and [13C]nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The stability of Δ1-pyrroline in several solvents and at moderately elevated temperatures has been investigated, and it has been established that it exists as both a monomer and trimer in solution. Although equilibrium studies indicate that the trimer is thermodynamically more stable than the monomer in solution, only the monomer was found in the vapor phase based on infrared analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993232
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