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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 408 (2000), S. 159-159 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The search for a theory to explain why the metabolic rate of mammals is proportional to the 3/4-power of body mass (Kleiber's law) has recently focused on the nutrient distribution network formed by arteries and capillaries. Banavar et al. argue that the law follows from the intrinsic ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Understanding the fundamental excitations of many-fermion systems is of significant current interest. In atomic nuclei with even numbers of neutrons and protons, the low-lying excitation spectrum is generally formed by nucleon pair breaking and nuclear vibrations or rotations. However, for ...
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Detailed fine-structure $\alpha$ -decay studies of 188,190Bi were performed using the complete-fusion reactions of 50,52Cr ions with a 142Nd target at the velocity filter SHIP. The evaporation residues were separated in-flight and subsequently identified on the basis of recoil- $\alpha$ , recoil- $\alpha$ - $\gamma$ /X-ray and excitation function measurements. Improved data on the $\alpha$ -decay of 188,190Bi were obtained and a number of new low-lying excited states in the daughters 184,186Tl were observed. An intruder, presumably 10- state was identified in 184Tl, extending the systematics of such states in the odd-odd Tl nuclei beyond the neutron mid-shell at N = 104. Some technical aspects of experiment at recoil separators are also discussed.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We report the results from the first experiment to measure gyromagnetic factors of μs isomers in neutron-rich nuclei produced by intermediate-energy projectile-fragmentation reactions. The Time Dependent Perturbed Angular Distribution (TDPAD) method was applied in combination with the heavy-ion-gamma correlation technique. The nuclides in the vicinity of 68 Ni were produced and spin-oriented following the fragmentation of a 76 Ge, 61.4 MeV/u beam at GANIL. The results obtained, |g|(69m Cu) = 0.225(25) and |g|(67m Ni) = 0.125(6) provide another indication of the importance of proton excitation across the Z = 28 shell gap for the description of these states.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Alpha-decay of the new nuclide 184Bi has been studied in the complete-fusion reaction 93Nb(94Mo, 3n)184Bi at the velocity filter SHIP. The evaporation residues were separated in-flight and subsequently identified on the basis of recoil- $\alpha$ , recoil- $\alpha$ - $\gamma$ analysis and excitation functions measurements. Two $\alpha$ -decaying isomeric states in 184Bi with half-life values of 13(2) ms and 6.6(1.5) ms were identified. The $\alpha$ -branching ratio of 180Tl was deduced for the first time as $b_\alpha = (2 --12)\%$ . Improved data on the fine-structure $\alpha$ -decay of 186Bi were obtained in the 93Nb(95Mo, 2n)186Bi reaction. A similarity of the decay energies and half-life values of 184,186Bi is pointed out and a possible explanation for this effect is suggested.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Selten-Metall-Vererzung der Brockman-Lagerstätten (Halls Creek Mobile Zone, NW Australien) sitzt in einer Fluorit-führenden, rhyolitischen vulkanoklastischen Einheit auf, die informell als der “Niob-Tuff” bezeichnet wird. Es handelt sich hier um ein vulkanoklastisches Tuff-Sediment; dieses ist die unterste Einheit einer Abfolge vor Trachyt bis Rhyolit-Laven, trachyandesitischen Subvulkaniten and vulkanoklastischen Einheiten der Brockman Vulkanite innerhalb der Halls Creek Gruppe, einer mächtigen frühproterozoischen vulkanosedimentdren Abfolge. Prüzisionsdatierungen des Niob Tuffs mit der SHRIMP Ionen-Mikrosonde ergeben ein Eruptionsalter von 1870 +-4 Millionen Jahren. Regionale geochronologische Zusammenhänge zeigen, daß der Niob Tuff etwa 15 Millionen Jahre vor einer größeren Orogenese, die das Gebiet betroffen hat, abgelagert wurde. Trotz Faltung, Bruchtektonik and niedriggradiger Metamorphose zeigen die Brockman-Vulkanite einen hervorragenden Erhaltungszustand primärer vulkanologischer Erscheinungen. Diese urnfassen auch Kissenlaven und KissenBreckzien, die eine vorwiegend subaquatische Ablagerung in ruhigem Wasser erkennen lassen. Die Art der Eruptionsprodukte and das Magmavolumen zeigen, daß die Trachytdominierten Vulkanite von einem kleinen Schildvulkan stammer, wahrscheinlich in einem Becken in einer Rift-Situation im seichten marinen Milieu. Die tektonische Situation war “intraplate”, aber unterscheidet sich von den meisten tertiären bis rezenten trachytischen Vulkan-Komplexen, die hauptsächlich subaerisch sind, auf einer relativ mächtigen kontinentalen Kruste aufsitzen, and keine post-eruptive orogene Entwicklung zeigen. Seltene-Metalle-Lagerstatten des Brockman-Typs rind durch die Erhaltung subaquatischer-Vulkanite unterhalb einer machtigen sedimentdren Abfolge gekennzeichnet; welters durch frühe Eruptionsprodukte, die an inkompatiblen Elementen angereichert sind, auf die dann weniger differenzierte Magmen folgten, und schließlich durch einen feinkörnigen Mineralbestand, der vor Umwandlungsprozessen betroffen war. Es besteht die Möglichkeit der Entdeckung analoger Lagerstätten, besonders in frühproterozoischen mobilen Gürteln und in tertidren “intraplate” Schildvulkan Provinzen.
    Notes: Summary Rare-metals mineralization of the Brockman deposit (Halls Creek Mobile Zone, NW Australia) is hosted in a fluorite-bearing, rhyolitic volcaniclastic unit informally termed the “Niobium Tuff”. The Tuff, more correctly described as a tuffaceous volcaniclastic deposit, is the lowermost unit of a sequence of trachyte-to-rhyolite lavas, trachyandesite subvolcanic rocks, and volcaniclastic units of the Brockman volcanics located within the Halls Creek Group, a thick, early Proterozoic volcano-sedimentary sequence. High precision SHRIMP ion-microprobe zircon dating of the Niobium Tuff gives an eruption age of 1870 ± 4 Ma. Regional geochronological constraints indicate the Niobium Tuff was deposited about 15 Ma before major orogenic activity affected the area. Despite folding, faulting and low-grade metamorphism, the Brockman volcanics show excellent preservation of primary volcanological features, including pillow-lavas and pillow-breccias, that suggest a dominantly subaqueous, below-wave-base emplacement environment. The style of eruption products and magma volume constraints suggest the trachyte-dominated volcanics were erupted from a small shield volcanic complex probably in a rift-related basin in a shallow-marine setting. The tectonic setting was intraplate but differs from most Tertiary to recent trachyte volcanic complexes which are largely subaerial, are built on relatively thick continental crust, and show no post-eruptive orogenic history. Brockman-style rare-metal deposits are characterized by preservation of subaqueous volcanics beneath a thick sedimentary sequence, eruption of early incompatible-element enriched products followed by less differentiated magmas, and fine-grained mineralogy influenced by alteration processes. Prospects exist for discovery of analogous deposits, particularly in early Proterozoic mobile belts and Tertiary intraplate shield volcanic provinces.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 82 (1995), S. 243-245 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 82 (1995), S. 243-245 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract It has been theorized that stochastic grain boundary sliding (GBS) is the primary driving force for the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of cavities located on the grain boundaries of polycrystalline ceramics undergoing creep. This paper reports on the results of co-ordinated measurements of both GBS and creep cavitation during the creep of a single-phase alumina. Constant compressive stress creep experiments were performed at a temperature of 1600 °C, and stress levels of 70, 100, and 140 MPa. Small angle neutron scattering measurements (SANS) show that cavities nucleate continuously due to creep at all three stress levels, and that since negligible cavity growth was measured, creep cavitation appears to be ruled by a nucleation rather than a growth process. Also, at a constant creep temperature, the number and volume of cavities measured was observed to decrease with a decrease in the applied stress. GBS displacements reported in Part 1 of this paper [1] are related to the number of cavities nucleated per unit volume and shown to relate directly, thereby providing experimental evidence that GBS may act as the driving force for creep cavitation.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: transgenic mice ; embryos ; PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect a whey acidic protein (WAP) gene and transgene presence in mouse ova cultured to various stages of development after pronuclear microinjection at the one-cell stage. The PCR technique detected an endogenous 442 bp WAP DNA sequence in 78% of one-cell, 88% of two-cell and 94% of four-cell ova, and in 95% of morulae and 97% of blastocysts. The heterologous WAP-human protein C transgene was detected in 88% of one-cell, 88% of two-cell and 44% of four-cell ova, and in 40% of morulae and 29% of blastocysts. For comparison, the integration frequency for transgenic mouse production using the same DNA construct was 22%. After five days ofin vitro culture, embryos that were either developmentally arrested or fragmented were tested for the presence of the transgene. The injected construct was detected in 83% of arrested one-cell, 85% of arrested two-cell, and 85% of fragmented ova. In culture, only 28% of zygotes microinjected with DNA developed to the blastocyst stage compared to 74% of noninjected zygotes, while 63% of zygotes developed to the blastocyst stage after injection of buffer alone. Pronuclear injection of the transgene at concentrations of 1.5, 15 and 50 μg ml−1 resulted in 28, 11 and 9% development to blastocysts and 29, 86 and 88% transgene detection, respectively. Transgene detection was 85, 96 and 97% in degenerate embryos at the respective doses of DNA. These data show that pronuclear microinjection of the transgene is detrimental to subsequent embryonic development. Also, unintegrated copies of the transgene probably exist at least until the blastocyst stage, and thereafter are degraded to the extent that they can no longer be detected by PCR.
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