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  • Chemistry  (28)
  • C-F Activation
  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (27)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Lanthanide(III) ; Ytterbium ; Aryloxides ; Fluorine ; C-F Activation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of [Yb(OAr)2(THF)3] (OAr = OC6H2-2,6-tBu2-4-R; R = H, Me, tBu) with perfluorodecalin in THF at room temperature results in C-F activation and formation of the first heteroleptic aryloxofluorolanthanoid complexes, [Yb(OAr)2F(THF)]2. Oxidation of bis(cyclopentadienyl)ytterbium(II) with perfluoro(methylcyclohexane) or perfluorodecalin in DME surprisingly gives unsolvated [YbCp2F]3. The analogous reaction of bis(methylcyclopentadienyl)ytterbium(II) yields unsolvated [Yb(MeCp)2F]4, whilst in THF, the oxidation provides [Yb(MeCp)2F(THF)]2. Treatment of [YbCp2F(THF)]2 with triphenylphosphane oxide gives [YbCp2F(OPPh3)]2. X-ray structure determinations revealed [Yb(OAr)2F(THF)]2 (R = H or tBu) to be centrosymmetric fluoride-bridged dimers with five-coordination for ytterbium. Examination of the structures of the cyclopentadienyl complexes showed that [YbCp2F]3 is trimeric with formal eight-coordination for ytterbium and a planar (YbF)3 ring, whereas [Yb(MeCp)2F]4 is an eight-coordinate tetramer having a puckered (YbF)4 ring with F-Yb-F angles of ca. 90° and Yb-F-Yb angles close to 180° [178.9(4), 168.4(3)°]. Both [Yb(MeCp)2F(THF)]2 and [YbCp2F(OPPh3)]2 are nine-coordinate fluoride-bridged dimers.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Cluster ; magnetische Eigenschaften ; Natriumtitanchloride ; Strukturaufklärung ; Titanverbindungen ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Scandium ; Halides ; Crystal Structures ; Ionic Conductivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ternary Halides of the A3MX6 Type. IV. Ternary Halides of Scandium with Sodium, Na3ScX6 (X = F, Cl, Br): Synthesis, Structures, Ionic ConductivityX-ray studies on single crystals of Na3ScF6 and Na3ScBr6 show, that Na3ScF6 crystallizes with the cryolite type (monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 2, a = 560.16(9), b = 580.31(8), c = 812.1(2)pm, β = 90.720(14)°) and Na3ScBr6, as the only ternary bromide of the rare earth elements with sodium, in the Na3CrCl6 type (trigonal, P31c, Z = 2, a = 728.95(7), c = 1309.29(17)pm). The ionic conductivity of powder samples of Na3ScF6, Na3ScBr6 and of Na3ScCl6 was studied by impedance spectroscopy. Activation energies were determined as 1.22 eV, 0.80 eV and 0.71 eV for the fluoride, chloride and bromide, respectively. The differences are explained from the crystal structures and the sizes and polarizabilities of the anions.
    Notes: Röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Einkristallen von Na3ScF6 und Na3ScBr6 ergaben, daß Na3ScF6 im Kryolith-Typ (monoklin, P21/n, Z = 2, a = 560,16(9), b = 580,31(8), c = 812,1(2)pm, β = 90,720(14)°) und Na3ScBr6 als bisher einziges ternäres Bromid der Selten-Erd-Elemente mit Natrium im Na3CrCl6-Typ (trigonal, P31c, Z = 2, a = 728,95(7), c = 1309,29(17)pm) kristallisieren. An Pulverproben von Na3ScF6 und Na3ScBr6 sowie an Na3ScCl6 wurden Leitfähigkeitsuntersuchungen mittels Impedanzspektroskopie vorgenommen und aus den Ergebnissen die Aktivierungsenergien für den Leitungsprozeß zu 1,22 eV, 0,80 eV und 0,71 eV für das Fluorid, Chlorid bzw. Bromid bestimmt. Die Unterschiede werden aus den Kristallstrukturen sowie durch die Größen und Polarisierbarkeiten der Anionen erklärt.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 1493-1495 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Synthesis ; Crystal structure ; Crown ether ; Lanthanides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [La2I2(OH)2(dibenzo-18-crown-6)2]I(I3), a Cationic Dimeric in-cavity Complex with Iodide and Triiodide as AnionsSingle crystals of [La2I2(OH)2(dibenzo-18-crown-6)2]I(I3) are obtained from the reaction of LaI3 and dibenzo-18-crown-6 in acetonitrile. The crystal structure monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 4, T = 293 [100] K, a = 2179(3) [2162.3(3)], b = 1070.3(3) [1069.6(1)], c = 1118.2(3) [1110.6(1)] pm, β = 93.1(1) [92.83(1)]°, R1 = 0.0601 [0.0411], wR2 = 0.1449 [0.1014] contains hydroxide-bridged cationic dimers and iodide as well as triiodide as anions.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 1393-1398 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Rare Earth Fluorides ; Crystal Structure ; Ammonium Fluorides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of NH4DyF4. Further Fluorides NH4MF4 (M = La—Tb)
    Notes: Die Fluoride NH4MF4 (M = La—Dy) entstehen bei der Umsetzung der Metalle M mit N2H6F2 bei Temperaturen zwischen 80 und 350°C in verschweißten Monelampullen. Es werden in Abhängigkeit vom Selten-Erd-Element und von der Reaktionstemperatur drei Strukturen beobachtet: Die Kristallstruktur der Form I wurde anhand von Einkristallen von NH4DyF4 aufgeklärt [orthorhombisch, Pbcm (Nr. 57), Z = 4; a = 852,10(7) pm, b = 722,54(8) pm, c = 626,28(12) pm]; die bei niedrigen Temperaturen hergestellten Fluoride NH4MF4 (M = Ce—Tb) sind isotyp. Bei höheren Temperaturen treten die Formen II [für M = La—Nd; orthorhombisch (?), Z = 8] bzw. III [M = Eu—Tb, geordnete Überstruktur zum CaF2-Typ, analog TlGdF4, tetragonal, P4/m (?), Z = 16] auf.The fluorides NH4MF4 (M = La—Dy) are obtained through the reaction of the metals M with N2H6F2 at temperatures between 80 and 350°C in sealed Monel ampoules. Dependent upon the rare-earth element M and the reaction temperature three crystal structures are observed: The crystal structure of modification I was determined from single crystal data of NH4DyF4 [orthorhombic, Pbcm (no. 57), Z = 4; a = 852.10(7) pm, b = 722.54(8) pm, c = 626.28(12) pm]; the fluorides NH4MF4 (M = Ce—Tb) obtained at fairly low temperatures are isotypic. At higher temperatures the modifications II [for M = La—Nd; orthorhombic (?), Z = 8] and III [M = Eu—Tb, ordered superstructure of the CaF2 type, analogous to TlGdF4, tetragonal, P4/m (?), Z = 16] are observed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 981-984 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Samarium ; Iodide ; Crown Ether Complexes ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Monomeric in-cavity Complex [SmI3(dibenzo-18-crown-6)]Red crystals of [SmI3(dibenzo-18-crown-6)] are obtained by reaction of SmI3 with dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether in acetonitrile. The crystal structure (tetragonal, P43212, Z = 4; a = 962.7(1) pm, c = 2690.0(3) pm; R1 = 0.041; wR2 = 0.101) contains the neutral molecules [SmI3(dibenzo-18-crown-6)]. Distorted triangular SmI3 units are surrounded perpendicularly by one molecule of the crown ether so that a coordination number of 9 results for Sm3+ (three iodide ions and the six oxygen atoms of the crown ether).
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von SmI3 mit Dibenzo-18-Krone-6-Ether in Acetonitril erhält man rötliche Kristalle von [SmI3(Dibenzo-18-Krone-6)]. Die Kristallstruktur (tetragonal, P43212, Z = 4; a = 962,7(1) pm, c = 2690,0(3) pm; R1 = 0,041; wR2 = 0,101) ist aus neutralen Molekülen der Zusammensetzung [SmI3(Dibenzo-18-Krone-6)] aufgebaut: Verzerrt trigonal-planare SmI3-Einheiten sind von einem Molekül des Kronenethers umgeben, so daß Sm3+ die Koordinationszahl 9 hat (durch drei Iodid-Ionen und die sechs Sauerstoffatome des Kronenethers).
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 457-463 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ternary halides ; synthesis ; crystal structures ; ionic conductivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ternary Halides of the A3MX6 Type. III [1, 2]. Synthesis, Structures, and Ionic Conductivity of the Halides Na3MX6 (X = Cl, Br)The bromides Na3MBr6 crystallize with the stuffed LiSbF6-type structure (type I; M = Sm—Gd) or with the structure of the mineral cryolite (type II; M = Gd—Lu). The structure types were refined from single crystal X-ray data (Na3SmBr6: trigonal, space group R3, a = 740.8(2) pm, c = 1 998.9(8) pm, Z = 3; Na3YBr6: monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 721.3(4) pm, b = 769.9(2) pm, c = 1 074.8(4) pm, β = 90.60(4)°, Z = 2). Reversible phase transitions from one structure to the other occur. The phase transition temperatures were determined for the bromides as well as for the chlorides Na3MCl6 (M = Eu—Lu). The refinement of both structures for one compound was possible for Na3GdBr6 (I: trigonal, space group R3, a = 737.1(5) pm, c = 1 887(2) pm, Z = 3; II: monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 725.2(1) pm, b = 774.1(3) pm, c = 1 080.1(3) pm, β = 90.76(3)°, Z = 2). All compounds exhibit ionic conductivity of the sodium ions which decreases with the change from type I to type II. The conductivity of the bromides is always higher when compared with the respective chlorides.
    Notes: Die Bromide Na3MBr6 kristallisieren im aufgefüllten LiSbF6-Typ (Typ I; M = Sm—Gd) oder im Kryolith-Typ (Typ II; M = Gd—Lu). Die Strukturen wurden anhand von Einkristalldaten verfeinert (Na3SmBr6: trigonal, Raumgruppe R3, a = 740,8(2) pm, c = 1 998,9(8) pm, Z = 3; Na3YBr6: monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/n, a = 721,3(4) pm, b = 769,9(2) pm, c = 1 074,8(4) pm, β = 90,60(4)°, Z = 2). Beide Strukturen sind reversibel ineinander umwandelbar. Die Umwandlungstemperaturen der Bromide wurden ebenso wie die der Chloride Na3MCl6 (M = Eu—Lu) bestimmt. An Na3GdBr6 wurden beide Strukturen an Einkristallen bestimmt (I: trigonal, Raumgruppe R3, a = 737,1(5) pm, c = 1 887(2) pm, Z = 3; II: monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/n, a = 725,2(1) pm, b = 774,1(3) pm, c = 1 080,1(3) pm, β = 90,76(3)°, Z = 2). Alle Verbindungen zeigen Natrium-Ionenleitfähigkeit, die beim Übergang vom Typ I in den Typ II stark abnimmt. Die Bromide zeigen, verglichen mit den Chloriden, jeweils eine bessere Leitfähigkeit.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 546-549 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ternary halides ; synthesis ; crystal structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Ternary Rare Earth Chlorides NaMCl4 (M = Eu - Yb, Y)Single crystals of NaErCl4 were obtained from the melt of NaCl and ErCl3 (1:1 molar ratio) by slow cooling. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system (space group P2/c) with the structure of α-NiWO4 with a = 632.24(9) pm, b = 759.78(9) pm, c = 674.2(1) pm, b̃ = 92.310(3)°, Z = 2. Two preparative routes to pure powder samples of the chlorides NaMCl4 are described. At room temperature, these are found to be isotypic with NaErCl4 (M = Tm - Yb; II) while the triclinic structure of NaGdCl4 is adopted with M = Gd - Ho, Y (I). Phase transitions from one structure to the other are observed for all compounds. The transition temperatures decrease with decreasing size of the ion M3+.
    Notes: Einkristalle von NaErCl4 erhält man durch langsames Abkühlen einer Schmelze von NaCl und ErCl3 (molares Verhältnis 1:1). NaErCl4-II kristallisiert monoklin (Raumgruppe P2/c) im α-NiWO4-Typ mit a = 632,24(9) pm, b = 759,78(9) pm, c = 674,2(1) pm, b̃ = 92,310(3)°, Z = 2. Zwei Wege zu reinen Pulverproben der Chloride NaMCl4 werden beschrieben. Bei Raumtemperatur sind diese für M = Tm - Yb isotyp zu NaErCl4 (II), mit M = Gd - Ho, Y kristallisieren sie in der triklinen Struktur von NaGdCl4 (I). Beide Modifikationen lassen sich reversibel ineinander umwandeln. Die Umwandlungstemperaturen werden mit abnehmendem Ionenradius von M3+ kleiner.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 759-765 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Metallothermic Reduction ; Lanthanides ; Alkaline Earth Metals ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ternary Bromides and Iodides of Divalent Lanthanides and Their Alkaline-Earth Analoga of the Type AMX3 and AM2X5Metallothermic reduction of the tribromides and -iodides MX3 (M = Sm, Dy, Tm, Yb) with alkali metals as well as with indium and thallium (A = Cs, Rb, K, In, Tl) results in most cases in ternary compounds with the composition AMX3 and AM2X5, respectively. Analogous compounds with M = Ba, Sr, Ca were synthesized from the binary components. The AMX3 compounds crystallize with the following types of structure: the perovskite-type and its distorted variants, the NaNbO3-II- and the GdFeO3-type, the NH4CdCl3- and the stuffed PuBr3-type. These structure types differ by a gain of condensation of the [MX6] octahedra (three-dimensional connection via corners within the variants of the perovskite-type, double chains of edge- and face-connected octahedra within the NH4CdCl3-type, and layers of corner- and edge-connected octahedra within the stuffed PuBr3-type of structure). This comes along with a reduction of the coordination number of A+ from 12 (“ideal” perovskite) to 8 + 2 (GdFeO3-type), 9 (NH4CdCl3-type), and 8 (stuffed PuBr3-type). Thus, the A/[MX6] size ratio determines which AMX3 type of structure is adopted. If the M2+ ion is large enough, ternary compounds with the composition AM2X5 occur either in addition to the AMX3 compounds or exclusively. They crystallize with the TlPb2Cl5 type of structure (C.N.(M2+) = 7 and 8). All of the AMX3 and AM2X5 compounds are summarized in a structure field diagram.
    Notes: Die metallothermische Reduktion der Tribromide und -iodide MX3 (M = Sm, Dy, Tm, Yb) mit Alkalimetallen sowie mit Indium und Thallium (A = Cs, Rb, K, In, Tl) liefert überwiegend ternäre Verbindungen der Zusammensetzungen AMX3 bzw. AM2X5. Analoge Erdalkaliverbindungen (M = Ba, Sr, Ca) wurden aus den jeweiligen binären Komponenten dargestellt. Die Halogenide AMX3 kristallisieren im Perowskit-Typ und seinen Verzerrungsvarianten, dem NaNbO3-II-bzw. dem GdFeO3-Typ, sowie im NH4CdCl3- oder im aufgefüllten PuBr3-Typ. Diese Strukturtypen unterscheiden sich durch eine zunehmende Verknüpfung der [MX6]-Oktaeder (allseitige Eckenverknüpfung in den Perowskitvarianten, Doppelstränge aus kanten- und flächenverknüpften Oktaedern im NH4CdCl3-Typ und kanten- und eckenverknüpfte Oktaederschichten im aufgefüllten PuBr3-Typ). Sie geht mit einer Verkleinerung der Koordinationszahl des A+-Ions von 12 im idealen Perowskit über 8 + 2 (GdFeO3-Typ) und 9 (NH4CdCl3-Typ) auf 8 (aufgefüllter PuBr3-Typ) einher, so daß das A/[MX6]-Größenverhältnis ausschlaggebend dafür ist, welcher Strukturtyp für die Zusammensetzung AMX3 auftritt. Sind die M2+-Ionen groß genug, treten (zusätzlich oder ausschließlich) Verbindungen vom Typ AM2X5 auf, die im TlPb2Cl5-Typ kristallisieren (C.N.(M2+) = 7 und 8). Alle erhaltenen Verbindungen wurden in einem Strukturfelddiagramm zusammengefaßt.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 593-596 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Reduced halides ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; europium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: NaEu2Cl6 and Na0.75Eu2Cl6: Mixed Valent Chlorides of Europium with SodiumThe reaction of Na2EuCl5 with Eu metal in sealed gold tubes yields blue single crystals of NaEu2Cl6. It crystallizes with the hexagonal crystal system (space group P63/m) with a = 755.74(8) pm, c = 429.81(5) pm, Z = 1; the structure is closely related to the UCl3-type. Green single crystals of Na0.75Eu2Cl6 were first obtained as a by-product in the synthesis of Na2EuCl5 in evacuated silica tubes and may be prepared by reduction of EuCl3 with sodium. Na0.75Eu2Cl6 crystallizes isotypic to NaEu2Cl6 with a = 753.69(11) pm and c = 416.3(2) pm.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Na2EuCl5 mit Eu-Metall in Goldampullen führt zu blauen Einkristallen von NaEu2Cl6, einem Derivat des UCl3-Typs: Hexagonal, Raumgruppe P63/m, a = 755,74(8) pm, c = 429,81(5) pm, Z = 1. Grüne Einkristalle von Na0,75Eu2Cl6 wurden erstmals als Nebenprodukt bei der Synthese von Na2EuCl5 in evakuierten Quarzglasampullen erhalten, können jedoch auch durch gezielte Reduktion von EuCl3 mit Natrium gewonnen werden. Na0,75Eu2Cl6 ist isotyp mit NaEu2Cl6 mit a = 753,69(11) pm und c = 416,3(2) pm.
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