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  • Astronomy  (3)
  • ethyl acetate  (2)
  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of semiochemical-based trapping ofMetamasius hemipterus sericeus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 1389-1410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aggregation pheromones ; attraction ; banana ; Canary Island date palm ; ethyl acetate ; kairomones ; monitoring ; Phoenix canariensis ; West Indian sugarcane weevil ; sugarcane ; trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Response of adults of the West Indian sugarcane weevil,Metamasius hemipterus sericeus, to various semiochemical treatments and physical trap designs was studied in southern Florida in field-grown banana and Canary Island date palms. Ethyl acetate released alone at 860–1007 mg/day was as effective for the capture ofM. h. sericeus as a combination of ethyl acetate (844–919 mg/day), ethyl propionate (348–362 mg/day), and ethyl butyrate (117–137 mg/day) and in one trial was more effective than fermenting sugarcane (250 g), ethyl propionate alone (353–384 mg/day), ethyl butyrate alone (123–174 mg/day), or no treatment. Ethyl acetate released alone at 675–683 mg/day was as attractive as 250 g of fermenting sugarcane or the racemic blend of the male-produced aggregation pheromones [(±)-5-methyl-nonan-4-ol and (±)-2-methyl-heptan-4-ol (8:1 ratio) “metalure”] at 3 mg/day. Weevil counts increased with binary combinations of ethyl acetate, sugarcane, and/or metalure over these treatments alone and the ternary combination was two to three times more effective than any of the binary treatments. Attraction to ethyl acetate released alone at 777 mg/day with metalure was greater than to the hydrolysis products of ethyl acetate (ethanol and/or acetic acid each released at about 6–8 mg/day) with metalure. Weevil counts from traps baited with 250 g of sugarcane and metalure increased with increasing dose of ethyl acetate to about 400 mg/day and then appeared to plateau. Ethyl acetate (about 700 mg/day) and metalure increased weevil counts in traps with increasing amounts of sugarcane (0–2 kg). Molasses (45 g) + water (158 ml) substitutes for sugarcane were about as effective for capturingM. h. sericeus as 250 g of fermenting sugarcane [all treatments with ethyl acetate (847 mg/day) and metalure]. Early experiments used a lethal pitfall trap. We demonstrated that several alternative trap designs were more effective than the lethal pitfall trap for capturing weevils. Color and height (on ground vs. 1 m on pole) did not affect trap efficacy when baited with the ternary combination of ethyl acetate (672–825 mg/day), sugarcane (250 g), and metalure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027720
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation Pheromones and Host Kairomones of West Indian Sugarcane Weevil, Metamasius hemipterus sericeus (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 869-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Metamasius hemipterus sericeus ; aggregation pheromones ; pheromone chirality ; (4S, 5S)-4-methyl-5-nonanol ; 2-methyl-4-heptanol ; sugarcane ; ethyl acetate ; ethyl propionate ; ethyl butyrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS) of volatiles produced by male and female West Indian sugarcane weevils (WISW), Metamasius hemipterus sericeus (Oliv.), revealed eight male specific, EAD-active compounds: 3-pentanol (1), 2-methyl-4-heptanol (2), 2-methyl-4-octanol (3), 4-methyl-5-nonanol (4), and the corresponding ketones. In field experiments in Florida, alcohols 1–4 in combination with sugarcane were most attractive, whereas addition of the ketones or replacement of alcohols with ketones significantly reduced attraction. In Costa Rica field experiments testing alcohols 1–4 singly and in all binary, ternary, and quaternary combinations revealed 4 in combination with 2 was the major aggregation pheromone, equally attracting male and female WISW. Stereoisomeric 4 and (4S,5S)-4, the only isomer produced by WISW, were equally attractive. Addition of 4S-, 4R- or (±)-2 to (4S,5S)-4 significantly enhanced attraction. Sugarcane stalks in combination with 2 plus 4 (ratio of 1:8) were highly synergistic, whereas EAD-active sugarcane volatiles ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, or ethyl butyrate only moderately increased attractiveness of the pheromone lure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006377.13235.4b
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  • 3
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    Long-Lag, Wide-pulse Gamma-Ray Bursts (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Currently, the best available probe of the early phase of gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet attributes is the prompt gamma-ray emission, in which several intrinsic and extrinsic variables determine GRB pulse evolution. Bright, usually complex bursts have many narrow pulses that are difficult to model due to overlap. However, the relatively simple, long spectral lag, wide-pulse bursts may have simpler physics and are easier to model. In this work we analyze the temporal and spectral behavior of wide pulses in 24 long-lag bursts, using a pulse model with two shape parameters - width and asymmetry - and the Band spectral model with three shape parameters. We find that pulses in long-lag bursts are distinguished both temporally and spectrally from those in bright bursts: the pulses in long spectral lag bursts are few in number, and approximately 100 times wider (10s of seconds), have systematically lower peaks in vF(v), harder low-energy spectra and softer high-energy spectra. We find that these five pulse descriptors are essentially uncorrelated for our long-lag sample, suggesting that at least approximately 5 parameters are needed to model burst temporal and spectral behavior. However, pulse width is strongly correlated with spectral lag; hence these two parameters may be viewed as mutual surrogates. We infer that accurate formulations for estimating GRB luminosity and total energy will depend on several gamma-ray attributes, at least for long-lag bursts. The prevalence of long-lag bursts near the BATSE trigger threshold, their predominantly low vF(v) spectral peaks, and relatively steep upper power-law spectral indices indicate that Swift will detect many such bursts.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    How Sample Completeness Affects Gamma-Ray Burst Classification (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Unsupervised pattern recognition algorithms support the existence of three gamma-ray burst classes; class I (long, large fluence bursts of intermediate spectral hardness), Class II (short, small fluence, hard bursts), and class III (soft bursts of intermediate durations and fluences). The algorithms surprisingly assign larger membership to class III than to either of the other two classes. A known systematic bias has been previously used to explain the existence of class III in terms of class I; this bias allows the fluences and durations of some bursts to be underestimated. We show that this bias primarily affects only the longest bursts and cannot explain the bulk of the class III properties. We resolve the question of class III existence by demonstrating how samples obtained using standard trigger mechanisms fail to preserve the duration characteristics of small peak flux bursts: (Sample incompleteness is thus primarily responsible for the existence of class III.) In order to avoid this incompleteness, we show how a new dual timescale peak flux can be defined in terms of peak flux and fluence. The dual timescale peak flux reserves the duration distribution of faint bursts and correlates either with spectral hardness (and presumably redshift) than either peak flux or fluence. The techniques presented here are generic and have applicability to the studies of other transient events. The results also indicate that pattern recognition algorithms are sensitive to sample completeness; this can influence the study of large astronomical databases such as those found in a Virtual Observatory.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    How Sample Completeness Affects Gamma-Ray Burst Classification (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Unsupervised pattern-recognition algorithms support the existence of three gamma-ray burst classes: class 1 (long, large-fluence bursts of intermediate spectral hardness), class 2 (short, small-fluence, hard bursts), and class 3 (soft bursts of intermediate durations and fluences). The algorithms surprisingly assign larger membership to class 3 than to either of the other two classes. A known systematic bias has been previously used to explain the existence of class 3 in terms of class 1 ; this bias allows the fluences and durations of some bursts to be underestimated, as recently shown by Hakkila et al. We show that this bias primarily affects only the longest bursts and cannot explain the bulk of the class 3 properties. We resolve the question of class 3's existence by demonstrating how samples obtained using standard trigger mechanisms fail to preserve the duration characteristics of small-peak flux bursts. Sample incompleteness is thus primarily responsible for the existence of class 3. In order to avoid this incompleteness, we show how a new, dual-timescale peak flux can be defined in terms of peak flux and fluence. The dual-timescale peak flux preserves the duration distribution of faint bursts and correlates better with spectral hardness (and presumably redshift) than either peak flux or fluence. The techniques presented here are generic and have applicability to the studies of other transient events. The results also indicate that pattern recognition algorithms are sensitive to sample completeness; this can influence the study of large astronomical databases, such as those found in a virtual observatory.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: The Astrophysical Journal; 582; 320-329
    Format: text
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