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  • Springer Nature  (25)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (10)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists  (5)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • 2000-2004  (18)
  • 1995-1999  (22)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Data from seven Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MSEA) were used to test the sensitivity of a leaching model, Pesticide Root Zone Model-2, to a variety of hydrologic settings in the Midwest. Atrazine leaching was simulated because it was prevalent in the MSEA studies and is frequently detected in the region's groundwater. Short-term simulations used site specific soil and chemical parameters. Generalized simulations used data avail. able from regional soil databases and standardized variables. Accurate short-term simulations were precluded by lack of antecedent atrazine concentrations in the soil profile and water, suggesting that simulations using data for less than five years underestimate atrazine leaching. The seven sites were ranked in order of atrazine detection frequency (concentration 〉 0.2 μg L-1) in soil water at 2 m depth in simulations. The rank order of the sites based on long-term simulations were similar to the ranks of sites based on atrazine detection frequency from groundwater monitoring. Simulations with Map Unit Use File (MUUF) soils data were more highly correlated with ranks of observed atrazine detection frequencies than were short-term simulations using site-specific soil data. Simulations using the MIJUIF data for soil parameters were sufficiently similarity to observed atrazine detection to allow the credible use of regional soils data for simulating leaching with PRZM-2 in a variety of Midwest soil and hydrologic conditions. This is encouraging for regional modeling efforts because soil parameters are among the most critical for operating PRZM-2 and many other leaching models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Consumption of ground beef has been implicated in the majority of outbreaks of disease from Escherichia coli O157:H7. There is a great need for rapid, sensitive, and specific microbial detection and isolation methods for the detection and recovery of pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7. Evanescent wave, fiber optic biosensors are an innovative, cutting-edge technology with the potential to meet such a need. Food pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7 can be detected in minutes using the biosensor assay rather than days using conventional methods. The biosensor assay is sensitive and presently has the ability to directly detect 102 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 in E. coli O157:H7-seeded PBS or ground beef. In this study, it was determined that once the pathogen had been positively identified, it could then be recovered by culturing the cells captured on the waveguide used in the biosensor assay. E. coli O157:H7-seeded PBS or ground beef samples were assayed using an evanescent wave, fiber optic biosensor. After a positive identification on the biosensor, the waveguide was added to modified LB medium supplemented with 10 μg/mL acriflavin (mLB) and incubated at 42C for a minimum of 4 h followed by selection on Rainbow O157 agar incubated 16 to 18 h at 37C. E. coli O157:H7 was confirmed using agglutination with E. coli O157:H7 antiserum. It was possible to recover E. coli O157:H7 colonies in E. coli O157:H7-seeded PBS or ground beef when 1 mL samples containing at least 2.0 × 103 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 had been injected into the biosensor. It took only 24 h to detect the target pathogen, recover the pathogen from the sample, and grow isolated colonies. This total time included sample preparation, detection, enrichment culture, and growth of cells to produce isolated colonies on a selective and differential medium. The identification of isolated colonies was then quickly confirmed using slide agglutination with the appropriate antiserum. This method significantly improved the speed of the confirmation of the presence of the pathogen and of the isolation of the pathogen, from 4 days using conventional methods to one day using the biosensor assay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of management studies 40 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Inter-organizational collaboration has been linked to a range of important outcomes for collaborating organizations. The strategy literature emphasizes the way in which collaboration between organizations results in the sharing of critical resources and facilitates knowledge transfer. The learning literature argues that collaboration not only transfers existing knowledge among organizations, but also facilitates the creation of new knowledge and produce synergistic solutions. Finally, research on networks and interorganizational politics suggests that collaboration can help organizations achieve a more central and influential position in relation to other organizations. While these effects have been identified and discussed at some length, little attention has been paid to the relationship between them and the nature of the collaborations that produce them. In this paper, we present the results of a qualitative study that examines the relationship between the effects of interorganizational collaboration and the nature of the collaborations that produce them. Based on our study of the collaborative activities of a small, nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Palestine over a four-year period, we argue that two dimensions of collaboration – embeddedness and involvement – determine the potential of a collaboration to produce one or more of these effects.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Many plant species are sensitive to changes in the seasons, especially with regard to their reproductive behaviour. Sexual or vegetative reproductive structures are often only formed at times of the year when days are sufficiently long, or short. Plants perceive daylength in the leaves, but reproductive changes occur in shoot apices in response to the movement of signals throughout the plant. There is good evidence that phytochrome A is an essential component of the daylength-sensing mechanism in long-day plants, and preliminary evidence suggests a potential interaction between phytochrome C and daylength sensitivity in short-day plants. The sensitivity of reproductive processes to photoperiodic control is directly altered by photoreceptor action, particularly in the case of phytochrome B, which has a major influence on whether flowering or tuberization occurs under non-inductive conditions in both long- and short-day plants, but is not involved in daylength measurement. The signals which move from leaves to the sites of reproductive development are not known, but there is good evidence that gibberellins may be important and some preliminary indication that brassinosteroids might also be involved in photoperiodic signalling.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Experiments were carried out to determine whether a semidian (12 h) rhythm in flowering response operates in Pharbitis nil as the basis for photoperiodic time measurement. The effect of 5 min far-red light followed by 85 min dark (FRD) given 4, 8,14 and 22 h before the end of a 48 h photoperiod on night-break timing and critical night length was determined. When given 4 h before the end of a 48 h photoperiod, an interruption with FRD advanced the phase of the circadian rhythm in the night-break inhibition of flowering. In contrast, earlier interruptions of the photoperiod had no effect on the phase of the rhythm. The critical night length was modified by FRD given 4 h (shortened) or 8 h (lengthened) before the end of the photo-period; when given at other times FRD did not alter the critical night length. The results are discussed in relation to the basis for photoperiodic timekeeping, with particular reference to suggestions for the involvement of a semidian rhythm. A circadian model based on the concept of limit cycles is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relationship between UV-B-induced changes in gene expression and carbohydrate levels in pea seedlings has been investigated. The effect of supplementary UV-B radiation on the transcript abundance for two photosynthetic genes, photosynthesis, respiration and the levels of carbohydrates was determined in fully expanded leaves of 17-d-old pea seedlings under high (HL: 350 μmol m−2 s−1) and low (LL: 150 μmol m−2 s1) light. Supplementary UV-B caused down regulation of the photosynthetic genes in green leaves under LL and to a lesser extent under HL. In contrast to previous studies, UV-B radiation resulted in a decrease in glucose levels rather than an increase under LL. Sucrose and starch levels were not affected until longer exposure. Effects of UV-B on carbohydrate levels were, however, minimal under HL. The effects on transcript levels were most marked under LL and therefore could not be attributed to elevated carbohydrate levels. Comparison of UV-B effects on carbohydrates in source (leaf) and sink (green buds) organs indicated that changes in carbohydrates in response to UV-B are probably indirect and arise from effects of UV-B on photosynthesis in source organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 31 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Evaluation criteria for reservoir and stream resources were developed to provide decision makers with feedback on environmental consequences of water allocation decisions under conditions of severe sustained drought within the Colorado River Basin by using the AZCOL gaming simulation model. Seven categories of flow dependent resources were identified which highlight resource states associated with reservoirs or river reaches within the AZCOL model. AZCOL directly simulates impact of water management decisions on five resource categories: threatened, endangered or sensitive fish; native nonlisted fish; wetland and riparian elements; national or state wildlife refuges; and hatcheries or other flow dependent facilities. Two additional categories - cold and warm water sport fish - are not modeled explicitly but are incorporated in the evaluation of monetary benefits from recreation on Colorado River waters. Each resource category was characterized at each time step in the simulation according to one of four environmental states: stable, threatened, endangered, or extirpated. Changes in resource states were modeled by time and flow-dependent decision criteria tied to either reservoir level or stream flows within the AZCOL model structure. Gaming results using the AZCOL model indicate environmental impacts would be substantial and that water allocation decisions directly impacted environmental resource states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 37 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The fate of pesticides entering the Riparian Buffer Strips (RBS) has not been well documented. This study compared the transport and fate of atrazine in soil of three-, five-, and nine-year-old switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) RBS to that in adjacent soils cropped to a corn-soybean rotation or a grass-alfalfa pasture. Undisturbed soil columns were collected from the RBS and cropped areas within the Bear Creek watershed, near Roland, Iowa. Atrazine and bromide breakthrough curves obtained using intact soil columns under saturated conditions were described by a two-region, mobile-immobile transport model. Preferential flow of bromide and atrazine was evident in five-and nine-year-old RBS soil, but there was little difference in transport characteristics between these two RBS soils and the adjacent cropped soils. There was a trend towards an increase in dispersion coefficients between the five-and nine-year-old RBS sites, which suggests an increased degree of preferential flow with increasing RBS age. Despite similar texture and organic C contents, atrazine sorption was significantly greater in RBS soil than the adjacent cropped soil. Cropped soil degraded atrazine faster than the RBS soil. The rapid degradation of atrazine in the corn-soybean soil adjacent to the five-year-old RBS (atrazine half-life of 19 days) appeared to be due to a larger population of atrazine-degrading microorganisms. Atrazine-degrading microorganisms in the corn-soybean soil were 50,940 cells g-1 soil compared with 2,970 cells g-4 soil in 5-year-old RBS soil which resulted in 60 percent mineralization of [14C-UL-atrazine] in the corn-soybean soil.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 20 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Reagents that enhance the aqueous solubility of non-aqueous phase organic liquid (NAPL) contaminants are under investigation for use in enhanced subsurface remediation technologies. Cyclodextrin, a glucose-based molecule, is such a reagent. In this paper, laboratory experiments and numerical model simulations are used to evaluate and understand the potential remediation performance of cyclodextrin. Physical properties of cyclodextrin solutions such as density, viscosity, and NAPL-aqueous inter-facial tension are measured. Our analysis indicates that no serious obstacles exist related to fluid properties that would prevent the use of cyclodextrin solutions for subsurface NAPL remediation. Cyclodextrin-enhanced solubilization for a large suite of typical ground water contaminants is measured in the laboratory, and the results are related to the physicochemical properties of the organic compounds. The most-hydrophobic contaminants experience a larger relative solubility enhancement than the less-hydrophobic contaminants but have lower aqueous-phase apparent solubilities. Numerical model simulations of enhanced-solubilization flushing of NAPL-contaminated soil demonstrate that the more-hydrophilic compounds exhibit the greatest mass-removal rates due to their greater apparent solubilities, and thus are initially more effectively removed from soil by enhanced-solubilization-flushing reagents. However, the relatively more hydrophobic contaminants exhibit a greater improvement in contaminant mass-removal (compared with water flushing) than that exhibited for the relatively hydrophilic contaminants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 26 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The objective of this project was to develop a vision system that could predict when crawfish will molt. Different sections of the crawfish shell were examined to determine how the color changed as the time of molting approached. A strip on the tail section of the crawfish showed the greatest, most consistent color change. The average red/green × red/blue ratio decreased for every crawfish as the molting time approached. Using this ratio as a predictor, it was possible to predict the molting of a crawfish within 3 d with an accuracy greater than 80%. The limitation on accuracy was primarily the result of the large variations in natural shell color among the crawfish.
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