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  • 550 - Earth sciences  (40)
  • Frauenmilch  (1)
  • Lactose-derived oligosaccharides  (1)
  • Organic Chemistry  (1)
  • 2000-2004  (7)
  • 1995-1999  (35)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 35 (1996), S. 22-31 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Oligosaccharide ; Frauenmilch ; Kuhmilch ; Säuglingsformulae ; Lactose-derived oligosaccharides ; human milk ; bovine milk ; infant formula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary About a century ago, pediatricians observed that in feces of breast-fed infants, compared to those of bottle-fed infants,Bifidobacterium bifidum was the predominant microorganism. It was shown thereafter that aminosugarcontaining oligosaccharides are growth factors for a specific strain of Bifidobacterium. Meanwhile, more than 130 lactose-derived oligosaccharides have been identified in human milk. Some of these oligosaccharides like Lacto-N-Tetraose and Lacto-N-Fucopentaose I and II do not occur in minute amounts but in concentrations up to 1–2 g/L. As the total amount of complex oligosaccharides is between 3–6 g/L those components have to be considered as major human milk constituents. There is striking evidence that human milk oligosaccharides are potent inhibitors of bacterial adhesion to epithelial surfaces, an initial stage of infective processes. Therefore, these oligosaccharides are considered to be soluble receptor analogues of epithelial cell surfaces participating in the non-immunological defense system of human milk-fed infants.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Um die Jahrhundertwende beobachtete man, daß bei gestillten Kindern die Keimbesiedlung des Darmtraktes vorwiegend aus Bifidusbakterien besteht. Bei sog. Flaschenkindern dagegen fand man eine wesentlich ungünstigere Zusammensetzung der Darmflora mit vorwiegend pathogenen Keimen. Mitte der 50er Jahren wurde nachgewiesen, daß dieses Wachstum auf Oligosaccharide in Frauenmilch, die Aminozucker enthalten, zurückzuführen ist. Mittlerweile sind mehr als 130 Oligosaccharide in Frauenmilch charakterisiert worden, die teilweise fucosyliert und/oder sialyliert sind. Die Konzentrationen einzelner Komponenten wie der Lacto-N-Tetraose und der beiden Lacto-N-Fucopentaosen I und II schwanken zwischen 0,5 und 2 g/L. Da der Gesamtgehalt zwischen 3–6 g/L liegt, muß man sie zu den Hauptmilchinhaltsstoffen zählen. Unterschiede sowohl im Gehalt als auch im Muster zwischen Milch von Frauen mit Früh- und solchen mit Reifgeburten wurden bisher nicht festgestellt. Es gibt immer mehr Hinweise darauf, daß Oligosaccharide in Frauenmilch potentielle Inhibitoren der Anhaftung von Bakterien und Viren an Epithelzellen sind, wodurch der erste Schritt eines Infektionsvorgangs beeinflußt werden könnte. Daher werden solche Oligosaccharide als lösliche Rezeptoranaloga zu Kohlenhydratstrukturen auf Epithelzellen angesehen, die möglicherweise zu einer besseren Infektabwehr von Neugeborenen führen, die mit Frauenmilch ernährt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 2(3)-formyl-glycals 2, 4, 6 react with hydrazine hydrate to furnish the C-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)alditoles 7, 8, 9. Treatment of 2, 4, 6 with cyanoacetamide provides the 2(3)-(2-aminocarbonyl-2-cyano-vinyl)-1,5(2,6)-anhydro-2(3)-deoxy-hex-enitols 10, 13, 15, which are converted into the polyhydroxyalkyl 2-amino-nicotinamides 11, 14, 16 and pyridinecarbonitriles 12, respectively.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We present the results of a detailed shear wave splitting analysis of data collected by three temporary broadband deployments located in central western South America: the Broadband Andean Joint experiment (BANJO), a 1000-km-long east-west line at 20 degrees S, and the Projecto de Investigacion Sismologica de la Cordillera Occidental (PISCO) and Seismic Exploration of the Deep Altiplano (SEDA), deployed several hunderd kilometers north and south of this line. We determined the splitting parameters phi (fast polarization direction) and delta t (splitting delay time) for waves that sample the above- and below-slab regions: teleseismic *KS and S, ScS waves from local deep-focus events, as well as S waves from intermediate-focus events that sample only the above-slab region. All but one of the *KS stacks for the BANJO stations show E-W fast directions with delta t varying between 0.4 and 1.5 s. However, for *KS recorded at most of the SEDA and PISCO stations, and for local deep-focus S events north and south of BANJO, there is a rotation of phi to a more nearly trench parallel direction. The splitting parameters for above-slab paths, determined from events around 200 km deep to western stations, yield small delay times (less than or equal to 0.3 a) and N-S fast polarization directions. Assuming the anisotropy is limited to the top 400 km of the mantle (olivine stability field), these data suggest the following spatial distribution of anisotropy. For the above-slab component, as one goes from east (where *KS reflects the above-slab component) to west, phi changes from E-W to N-S, and delay times are substantially reduced. This change may mark the. transition from the Brazilian craton to actively deforming (E-W shortening) Andean mantle. We see no evidence for the strain field expected for either corner flow or shear in the mantle wedge associated with relative plate motion. The small delay times for above-slab paths in the west require the existence of significant, spatially varying below-slab anisotropy to explain the *KS results. The implied anisotropic pattern below the slab is not easily explained by a simple model of slab-entrained shear flow beneath the plate. Instead, flow induced by the retrograde motion of the slab, in combination with local structural variations, may provide a better explanation.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    In:  57. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft (Potsdam 1997)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 5
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    In:  57. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft (Potsdam 1997)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 6
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    In:  58. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft (Göttingen 1998)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 7
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    In:  Annales Geophysicae ; vol. 14, Suppl. I, C47
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 8
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    In:  55. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft (Hamburg 1995)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 9
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    In:  21st General Assembly International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) (Boulder/Colorado, USA 1995)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Central Andes are the Earth's highest mountain belt formed by ocean-continent collision. Most of this uplift is thought to have occurred in the past 20 Myr, owing mainly to thickening of the continental crust, dominated by tectonic shortening Here we use P-to-S (compressional-to shear) converted teleseismic waves observed on several temporary networks in the Central Andes to image the deep structure associated with these tectonic processes. We find that the Moho ranges from a depth of 75 km under the Altiplano plateau to 50 km beneath the 4-km-high Puna plateau. This relatively thin crust of the Nazca oceanic plate down to 120 km depth, where it becomes invisible to converted teleseismic waves, probably owing to completion of the gabbro-eclogite transformation; this is direct evidence for the presence of kinetically delayed metamorphic reactions in subducting plates. Most of the intermediate-depth seismicity in the subducting plate stops at 120 km depth as well, suggesting a relation with this transformation. WE see an intracrustal low-velocity zone, 10-20 km thick, below the entire Altiplano and Puna plateaux, which we interpret as a zone of continuing metamorphism and partial melting that decouples upper-crustal imbrication from lower-crustal thickening.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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