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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (9)
  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1333-1336 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 442-449 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Method for a Strength Evaluation of Multiaxial Stochastic Loaded Nodular and Malleable IronThere will be presented a method for an analytic strength evaluation of multiaxial stochastic loaded components (method of reference stress).For the failure of the investigated casted material, breaking up events which are caused by a nominal stress in the maximal stressed sectional plane are responsible and which can be described by a ‚reference stress“. This „Reference stress“, which in its meaning corresponds to an equivalent stress, can be understood not only as a value related to material behaviour, but takes also into account statistical aspects basing on the independence of random values. For a strength evaluation they are compared with the corresponding uniaxial nominal stress.The methodology was verified by multiaxial fatigue tests under combined tensional and torsional loading.
    Notes: Es wird eine Methode zur rechnerischen Festigkeitsbeurteilung mehrachsig unkorreliert stochastisch beanspruchter Konstruktionen vorgestellt (Referenzspannungsmethode).Für das Versagen der untersuchten Gußwerkstoffe sind Trennvorgänge durch eine Normalspannung in der maximal beanspruchten Schnittebene maßgebend, die mittels einer „Referenzspannung“ beschrieben werden kann. Die „Referenzspannung“, die in ihrer Bedeutung einer Vergleichsspannung entspricht, versteht sich nicht nur als rein werkstoffmechanische Größe, sondern berücksichtigt darüberhinaus auch statistische Gesichtspunkte auf Basis der Unabhängigkeit von Zufallsgrößen. Für eine Festigkeitsbeurteilung wird sie mit einer entsprechenden einachsigen Normalspannung verglichen.Das Verfahren wurde durch mehrachsige Versuche unter kombinierter Zug-Druck- und Torsionsbelastung verifiziert.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 2863-2879 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: semicrystalline polymers ; polycarbonate ; TSDC ; rigid amorphous phase ; glass transition ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Current technique, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis have been applied to amorphous and semicrystalline bisphenol-A polycarbonate with crystallinity degrees up to 21.8%, in a temperature interval covering the α and β relaxations. The secondary β transition is found to be the sum of three components whose variations in aged and annealed specimens have shown the cooperative character of the β1 and β2 modes, contrary to the localized nature of the β3 component. A Tg decrease was observed by both TSDC and DSC as a function of Xc and has been related to the possible confinement of the mobile amorphous phase in regions whose sizes are smaller than the correlation lengths of the cooperative movements that characterize the motions occurring at Tg. The α relaxation intensity variations with crystallinity show the existence of an abundant rigid amorphous phase in the semicrystalline material. The relaxation parameters deduced from the Direct Signal Analysis of the α relaxation for the mobile amorphous phase do not show significant deviations from those found for the amorphous material. The existence of the rigid amorphous phase has been associated to the ductile-to-brittle transition experienced by the material at low crystallinity levels. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The hydrogenation of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) SBC triblock copolymers was performed in the presence of the Wilkinson catalyst RhCl(P(C6H5)3)3. Reaction conditions (hydrogen pressure, temperature and reaction time) were varied to ensure quantitative hydrogenation without detectable side reactions. Gel permeation chromatography showed no broadening of the molecular weight distribution during hydrogenation. The efficiency of the catalyst is markedly influenced by the molecular weight of the copolymer. Due to the presence of the polyethylene (PE) block, the resulting polymers exhibit a reduced solubility in comparison to the starting materials. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), preliminary results about the crystallization and melting behavior of the PE-block were obtained. In the triblock copolymers, the PE-block showed a marked depression of the melting point and crystallinity when compared to pure hydrogenated polybutadiene of equivalent molecular weight and microstructure or to a comparable PE-block within a polyethylene-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymer. A fractionated crystallization process of the PCL-block was observed when the PCL component in the hydrogenated triblock copolymers was present as a minor phase.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 71 (1999), S. 1024-1025 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 340 (1998), S. 315-322 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copper-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylcarbene transfer from methyl or tert-butyl diazoacetate to acyclic enaminoesters 6a,b and enaminocarboxanilide 13 yields vicinal push-pullsubstituted cyclopropanes 7a,b,8, and 14. In contact with dry silica gel, the latter compounds undergo facile ring-opening leading to enaminoesters 9, 10, and 15. Treatment with aqueous acid transforms 9 and 10 into 2-acylsuccinates 11 and 12, and 15 into pyrrolinone 16. Methoxycarbonylcarbene transfer to enaminoketones 1a-c does not yield isolable cyclopropanes, but after hydrolytic work-up α-acyl-γ-ketoesters 2a-c are obtained.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: zinc, cadmium, tin, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cobalt, copper, trithio complexes, perthio complexes, perthiodicarbonate ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; IR spectroscopy ; Raman spectroscopy ; 113Cd and 59Co NMR spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Simple Trithio- and Perthiocarbonato Complexes with Interesting Bond Properties: [E(CS3)2]2- (E = Sn, Zn, Cd), [E(CS3)3]3- (E = As, Sb, Bi, Co), {Cu(CS3)-}∞ and [Zn(CS4)2]2-By reactions of potassium trithiocarbonate (1) with solutions of zinc(II)- acetylacetonate, cadmium(II)-chloride, tin(II)-chloride, arsenic(III)-sulfide (suspension), antimony(III)-chloride, bismuth(III)-chloride and copper(II)-chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide, as well as of trisodium hexanitrito cobaltate(III) in water, and the precipitation of the complexes with an aqueous solution of tetraphenylphosphonium chloride the compounds (PPh4)2[Zn(CS3)2] (2), (PPh4)2[Cd(CS3)2] (3), (PPh4)2[Sn(CS3)2] (4), (PPh4)3[As(CS3)3] (5), (PPh4)3[Sb(CS3)3] (6), (PPh4)3[Bi(CS3)3] (7), (PPh4)3[Co(CS3)3] (8) and (PPh4)Cu(CS3) (9) have been isolated. (PPh4)2[Zn(CS4)2] · CH3NO2 (10) has been prepared by heating a solution of 2 in nitromethane to 60--70°C in presence of air. The reaction of 1 in dimethyl sulfoxide with an aqueous tetraphenylphosphonium chloride solution in presence of oxygen leads to (PPh4)2[C2S6] (11). The compounds have been characterized by spectroscopical studies (IR, Raman, UV/Vis, 113Cd/59Co-NMR), magnetic susceptibility measurements, powder diffractometry, elemental analyses and single crystal X-ray structure analysis (4-7, 10 and 11). The difficult growing of single crystals has been reported in detail. For crystal data see Inhaltsübersicht.
    Notes: Durch Reaktion von Lösungen von Zink(II)-acetylacetonat, Cadmium(II)-chlorid, Zinn(II)-chlorid, Arsen(III)-sulfid (Suspension), Antimon(III)- chlorid, Bismut(III)-chlorid und Kupfer(II)-chlorid in Dimethylsulfoxid - bzw. von Trinatriumhexanitritocobaltat(III) in Wasser - mit Kaliumtrithiocarbonat (1) sowie anschließender Fällung der Komplexe mit wäßriger Tetraphenylphosphoniumchlorid-Lösung wurden die Verbindungen (PPh4)2[Zn(CS3)2] (2), (PPh4)2[Cd(CS3)2] (3), (PPh4)2[Sn(CS3)2] (4), (PPh4)3[As(CS3)3] (5), (PPh4)3[Sb(CS3)3] (6), (PPh4)3[Bi(CS3)3] (7), (PPh4)3[Co(CS3)3] (8) und (PPh4)Cu(CS3) (9) isoliert. (PPh4)2[Zn(CS4)2] · CH3NO2 (10) ließ sich aus einer Lösung von 2 in Nitromethan, die in Gegenwart von Luftsauerstoff auf 60-70°C erwärmt wurde, isolieren. Bei Umsetzung von 1 in Dimethylsulfoxid mit einer wäßrigen Tetraphenylphosphoniumchlorid-Lösung in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff bildete sich (PPh4)2[C2S6] (11). Die Verbindungen wurden durch spektroskopische Methoden (IR, Raman, UV/VIS sowie 113Cd- und 59Co-NMR), Messung der magnetischen Suszeptibilität, Pulverdiffraktometrie, Elementaranalysen und Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse (4-7, 10 und 11) charakterisiert. Die schwierige Züchtung von Einkristallen wird im Detail beschrieben. 4:P1, a = 969,1(2), b = 1 335,3(3), c = 3 749,9(7) pm, α = 84,54(3)°, β = 80,88(3)°, γ= 74,90(3)°, V = 4 618(2)×106 pm3, Z = 4, R = 0,082 für 7 635 unabhängige Reflexe (Fo 〉 4σ(Fo));5:C2/c, a = 2 236,6(4), b = 1 441,0(3), c = 4 267,7(9) pm, β = 98,59(3)°, V = 13 600(15)×106 pm3, Z = 8, R = 0,130 für 3 807 unabhängige Reflexe (Fo 〉 4σ(Fo));6:P21, a = 1 555,0(9), b = 1 437,1(5), c = 1 587,6(9) pm, β = 90,30(5)°, V = 3 547(3)×106pm3, Z = 2;7:P21, a = 1 559,6(4), b = 1 425,2(4), c = 1 585,1(4) pm, β = 90,05(2)°, V = 3 523(2)×106 pm3, Z = 2, R = 0,088 für 4 206 unabhängige Reflexe (Fo 〉 4σ(Fo));10:C2/c, a = 1 049,1(4), b = 2 023,9(9), c = 2 474,7(9) pm, β = 99,93(3)°, V = 5 176(3)×106 pm3, Z = 4, R = 0,079 für 2 172 unabhängige Reflexe (Fo 〉 4σ(Fo));11:P21/c, a = 1 673,0(5), b = 1 430,8(5), c = 1 859,1(5) pm, β = 94,12(2)°, V = 4 439(2)×106 pm3, Z = 4, R = 0,086 für 4 014 unabhängige Reflexe (Fo 〉 4σ(Fo)).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Nickel ; Schiff base complexes ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; hydrogenase ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Green Bis-(2-iminoisopropyl-thiophenolato)nickel(II) and other Similar NiII ComplexesThe compounds [NiII(iitp)2] 1 (iitp = 2-iminoisopropyl-thiophenolate), [Ni2II(imptp)2] · 2 CH3OH 2, a dinuclear compound with an Ni—Ni distance of 276 pm, and [PPh4] · [NiII(imptp)(SCN)] 3 (imptp = 2-(2-iminopentane-4-on)-thiophenolate) have been prepared by the reaction of nickel(II)-acetate-tetrahydrate with 2-iminoisopropyl-thiophenole and 2-(2-iminopentane-4-on)-thiophenole in methanol, respectively. They have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and other physical methods. The redox behaviour of 1-3 has been studied in detail (chemically as well as by cyclovoltammetry and ESR spectroscopy). Particularly interesting are the electronic properties of 1 and its reduction with NaBH4 and the following reaction of the product with O2. The complexes are model compounds for some Ni-containing enzymes. For details of the crystal structure determination see “Inhaltsübersicht”.
    Notes: Die Verbindungen [NiII(iitp)2] 1 (iitp = 2-Iminoisopropyl-thiophenolat), [Ni2II(imptp)2] · 2 CH3OH 2, eine Zweikernverbindung mit einem Ni—Ni-Abstand von 276 pm und [PPh4][NiII(imptp)(SCN)] 3 (imptp = 2-(2-Iminopentan-4-on)-thiophenolat) wurden durch Umsetzung von Nickel(II)-acetat-tetrahydrat mit 2-Iminoisopropyl-thiophenol bzw. 2-(2-Iminopentan-4-on)-thiophenol in Methanol dargestellt und durch Einkristallstrukturanalyse und andere physikalische Methoden charakterisiert. Das Redoxverhalten der Verbindungen 1-3 wurde mittels elektrochemischer, chemischer und spektroskopischer Methoden untersucht. Bemerkenswert sind die elektronischen Eigenschaften der grünen Verbindung 1, sowie ihre Reduktion mit NaBH4 und die darauffolgende Umsetzung des Reaktionsproduktes mit O2. Die Verbindungen besitzen Modellcharakter für einige Ni-haltige Enzyme.1: C2/c, a = 1298,3(2); b = 695,7(1); c = 1958,7(3) pm; β = 103,92(1)°; V = 1717,4(5) · 106 pm3; R = 0,035 für 1230 unabhängige Reflexe (Fo 〉 4σ(Fo)), Z = 4.2: P1, a = 947,9(2); b = 1229,5(3); c = 1254,7(3) pm; α = 67,28(2), β = 74,63(2), γ = 81,18(2)°; V = 1298,4(5) · 106 pm3; R = 0,082 für 3655 unabhängige Reflexe (Fo 〉 4σ(Fo)), Z = 2.3: P21, a = 1119,3(2); b = 2389,7(4); c = 1245,8(2) pm; β = 102,52(1)°; V = 3253,0(9) · 106 pm3; R = 0,051 für 4218 unabhängige Reflexe (Fo 〉 4σ(Fo)), Z = 4.
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology, 63 . pp. 280-299.
    Publication Date: 2017-09-13
    Description: During peak spawning of sprat Sprattus sprattus in the Baltic Sea in May–June egg specific gravity averaged ±s.d. 1·00858 ± 0·00116 g cm−3 but was significantly higher in the beginning and significantly lower towards the end of the spawning season. A close relationship was found between egg diameter and egg specific gravity (r2 = 0·71). This relationship, however, changed during the spawning season indicating that some other factor was involved causing the decrease in specific gravity during the spawning period. The vertical egg distribution changed during the spawning season: eggs were distributed mainly in the deep layers early in the season, occurred in and above the permanent halocline during peak spawning, and above the halocline towards the end of the spawning season. Consequently, poor oxygen conditions in the deep layers and low temperatures in layers between the halocline and the developing thermocline may affect egg development. Thus, opportunities for egg development vary over the spawning season and among spawning areas, and depending on frequency of saline water inflows into the Baltic Sea and severity of winters, between years
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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