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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 64 (1977), S. 169-177 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ungesättigte Polyester aus Bisphenol-A bzw. dimethyl-di-3,5-dichlor-4-hydroxyphenyl-methan und Dimethyl-di-3,5-dibrom-4-hydroxyphenyl-methan wurden einer 18 Mrad Dosis aus einer Co60-Quelle ausgesetze. Untersuchungen des Halogengehalts, der Säurezahl, der Grenzviskosität und des Isomerengehalts vor und nach der Bestrahlung deuten auf eine verhältnismäßig hohe Strahlungsbeständigkeit hin.
    Notes: Unsaturated polyesters made by using bisphenol-A, dimethyl-di-(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, and dimethyl-di-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, respectively, were exposed to a does of 18 Mrad from a Co60 source. On irradiation, there is very little change in the halogen content in the polyesters, determined by Parr Bomb method. This indicates their stability to γ-irradiation. Study of acid value, intrinsic viscosity and isomerisation of these polyesters before and after irradiation corroborates to some extent that incorporation of aromatic rings in the polyester chain stabilises it against radiation. Minor changes in acid values and intrinsic viscosities are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 44 (1975), S. 47-65 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sieben Polyester mit verschiedenem Halogengehalt wurden hinsichtlich der Kinetik ihres Abbaus sowie ihrer flammhemmenden Wirkung untersucht. Davon hatten die Polyester Nr. 1,2,3 und 4 ein Molverhältnis von Chlorendischer Säure (Diels-Alder-Addukt aus perchloriertem Cyclopentadien und Maleinsäureanhydrid) zu Isophthalsäure von 0.25, 0.67, 1.5 und 4.0. Die Polyester 5, 6 und 7 basierten auf Dimethyl-di-(p-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl)-methan, Dimethyl-di-(3,5-dichlor-4-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl)-methan und Dimethyl-di-(3,5-dibrom-4-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl)-methan.Die Untersuchungen wurden mittels thermogravimetrischer Analyse (TGA), Differentialthermoanalyse (DTA), IR-Spektroskopie und Glühstab-Analyse ausgeführt. Die thermische Stabilität dieser Polyester nahm in der folgenden Reihenfolge ab: 5 〉 6 〉 7 〉 1 〉 2 〉 3 〉 4, wenn man die Schwellentemperatur als Maß für die thermische Stabilität betrachtet. Die aus TGA-Kurven ermittelte Temperatur bei 50-proz. Gewichtsverlust stützt dies zu einem gewissen Ausmaß. Die Untersuchungen ergaben ferner einen zweistufigen Abbau. Die erste Stufe erstreckte sich von 250-450°C, die zweite von 450-600°C. Bei der ersten Stufe verengt sich der Temperaturbereich für den Abbau mit ansteigendem Halogengehalt. Bromierung ist wirkungsvoller als Chlorierung. Die Aktivierungsenergie für den Abbau dieser Polyester zeigte den selben Trend wie die thermische Stabilität. Aber die Flammhemmung ist etwa umgekehrt zur thermischen Stabilität. Diese Untersuchungen bestätigen auch einen cyclischen Mechanismus für die Flammhemmung.
    Notes: Seven polyesters having different amounts of halogen were studied for kientics of degradation and fire retardant efficiency. Out of them, the polyesters number 1, 2, 3, and 4 had the molar ratios of chlorendic acid to isophthalic acid of 0.25, 0.67, 1.5, and 4.0 respectively. The polyesters number 5, 6, and 7 were based on dimethyl-di-(p-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl)-methane, dimethyl-di-(3,5-dichloro-4-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl) methane and dimethyl-di-(3,5-dibromo-4-oxyacetoxymethylphenyl)-methane respectively. These studies were done with the help of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), infra-red spectroscopy and glow rod apparatus. The thermal stability of these polyesters decreased in the following order: 5 〉 6 〉 7 〉 1 〉 2 〉 3 〉 4, taking the threshold temperature as a measure of the thermal stability. The 50% weight loss temperature determined from TGA curves supported this to some extent. These studies further revealed that these polyesters degrade in two stages. The first stage of degradation ranged from 250-450°C. The second stage of degradation is in the range of 450-600°C. In the first stage, the range of temperature for degradation is constricted by increasing the halogen content. Bromination is more effective than chlorination. The activation energy for degradation of these polyesters showed the same trend as the thermal stability. But the flame resistance is somewhat in the reverse order of thermal stability. These studies also confirm a cyclic mechanism for flame retardancy.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 209-218 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An industrial semibatch nylon 6 reactor has been optimized using a one-variable (at a time) search technique. The vapor release rate from the reactor and the final monomer conversion have been constrained to lie very close to the values currently present. The degree of polymerization of the product is , similarly, constrained to lie at a value of 152. The optimal pressure histories for two values of the jacket fluid temperature, Tj, have been evaluated using two objective functions, I1 and I3, namely, the total reaction time (I1 = tf) and the concentration of the cyclic dimer (I3 = [C2]f) in the product. It is observed that as Tj is increased from 270 to 280°C, I1 improves while I3 worsens simultaneously. This suggests that these two optimal points lie on the Pareto set for the two-objective function problem. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 1395-1405 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relationship between the microstructure and corresponding mechanical properties developed during injection molding of blends containing a liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) as the minor component and an engineering polymer system has been studied. A wholly aromatic copolyester LCP (Vectra A950) was melt blended at different compositions with a thermoplastic matrix consisting of a commercial compatibilized blend of polyamide-6 and ABS (Triax 1180). These blends were prepared under two different sets of injection molding conditions. In the first case, a higher melt temperature, higher barrel temperature, lower injection pressure, lower mold temperature, and shorter residence time in the mold were used during injection molding, as compared with the second case. The mechanical properties of the blends were superior to those of the base polymer. In the second case, the resulting injection-molded specimens had a distinct skin-core morphology where elongated fibrils of LCP constituted the skin layer. The mechanical properties of the blends processed under the second set of processing conditions were superior to those of the first, though the trends in both cases were the same. To study the effects of process variables the 15% LCP blend and the second set of processing conditions were taken as the base. Samples were injection-molded by varying one parameter at a time. It was seen that the properties of the blend were increased by maintaining a lower barrel temperature, greater injection pressure, lower injection speed, higher mold temperature, and a greater residence time in the heated mold. Thus it was found that the processing conditions played a vital role in determining the mechanical properties and morphology of the polyblends. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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