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  • Springer  (113)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • 2000-2004  (16)
  • 1995-1999  (52)
  • 1975-1979  (33)
  • 1965-1969  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 138 (1997), S. 387-411 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von Störreizen auf das Energiebudget von Ringelgänsen wurde im Frühjahr 1991 in zwei Vorland-Salzwiesen des Nationalparks Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer vergleichend untersucht. Die Häufigkeit störreizbedingter Reaktionen der Gänse (Störreizhäufigkeit) wurde als Index für die anthropogene Beeinflussung der Gebiete herangezogen. Die Beeinflussung war in Westerhever mit 1,5±0,7 Reaktionen/h signifikant größer als vor dem Norderheverkoog (1,0±0,6 Reaktionen/h). Mit zunehmender Aktivitätszeit wurde in beiden Gebieten im Verlauf des Frühjahres mehr umsetzbare Energie aufgenommen. In Westerhever haben die Gänse im Vergleich zu denen vor dem Norderheverkoog mit Ausnahme des Mai jeweils mehr umsetzbare Energie aufgenommen. Die energetischen Kosten (DEE) der Gänse wurden anhand der Zeit-Energie-Budget Methode und über die gemessene Körpermasseentwicklung von Fänglingen berechnet. Beide Methoden erzielten vergleichbare Ergebnisse; die Unterschiede betrugen je nach Gebiet 0,4 bis 4,5 %. In Westerhever verzeichneten die Gänse im Vergleich zu denen vor dem Norderheverkoog im Monatsmittel höhere energetische Kosten. Aus dem budgetierten Energieüberschuß (ΔE) wurde die theoretisch mögliche Reservestoffanlagerung (Änderung der Körpermasse) der Gänse berechnet. In Westerhever konnten die Gänse im Verlauf des Frühjahres 357 g Körperreserven anlagern. Bei den Gänsen vor dem Norderheverkoog waren es 399 g. Der Unterschied betrug 11,7 %, war aber nicht signifikant. Anhand von Fangdaten ist bekannt, daß Ringelgänse im langjährigen Mittel Körperreserven von 380 bis 400 Gramm anlagern. Die Störreizhäufigkeit des Tages bewirkte eine signifikante Veränderung der Budgetparameter DME und DEE und ΔE auf stündlicher Basis. In Westerhever stieg die Aufnahme an umsetzbarer Energie signifikant mit steigender Störreizhäufigkeit an. Vor dem Norderheverkoog verringerte sich diese jedoch signifikant. Die Energieaufwendungen stiegen in beiden Gebieten signifikant mit steigender Reizhäufigkeit an. Der Überschuß in der Energiebilanz der Gänse in Westerhever war an Tagen mit einer großen Störreizhäufigkeit um 8,7 % gegenüber den Tagen mit einer geringen Reizhäufigkeit verringert. Aufgrund fehlender kompensatorischer Nahrungsaufnahme war der Überschuß bei den Gänsen vor dem Norderheverkoog um maximal 27,5 % vermindert. Die Gänse in Westerhever haben störreizbedingte Zeitverluste bei der Nahrungsaufnahme und erhöhte energetische Kosten durch Verhaltensänderung und eine erhöhte Nahrungsaufnahme pro Zeit kompensiert. Aufgrund physiologischer Zwänge sind sie jedoch in dem stark vom Menschen beeinflußten Gebiet an die Grenzen ihrer Kompensationsmöglichkeit angelangt. Die errechnete Reservestoffanlagerung und auch der Jungvogelanteil im nachfolgenden Herbst waren geringer als bei den Gänsen vor dem Norderheverkoog.
    Notes: Abstract The impact of human disturbances on the energy budget of Brent Geese,Branta b. bernicla, during spring migration was investigated in two different salt marsh areas within the national park “Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer”, Germany. We used the frequency of disturbance-related reactions of the birds as an indicator of the anthropogenic influencing of the sites. The disturbance frequency was significantly higher in the Westerhever salt marsh (1,5±0,7 reactions/h) than in the Norderheverkoog area (1,0±0,6 reactions/h). Monthly activity and energy budgets of the birds were calculated from March to May, based on several simultaneous day-round field observations per month. The amount of daily metabolizable energy (DME) was calculated via dropping rate and digestability of the food. The daily energy expenditure (DEE) was calculated by means of the time-energy-budget methods and by calculations, using the bodymass changes of caught birds during spring. With both methods very similar results were obtained; they varied between 0,4 to 4,5 % per areas and month. The daily energy budget (Æ E) was calculated from DEE — DME. Due to an increasing daily activity time from March to Mai the DME increased in both areas. Compared to the Norderheverkoog area the DME of the birds in Westerhever was higher in March and April, and similar in Mai. DEE increased in both areas too and was in all months higher in Westerhever than in Norderheverkoog. The calculated bodymass changes of the birds during spring was 357 g for the birds in Westerhever and 399 g for the birds in Norderheverkoog. Bodymass measures from caught birds revealed a mean mass gain of 380 to 400 g during spring. The daily disturbance frequency caused a significant change in the budget parameters DME, DDE and Δ E on a hourly base. In Westerhever DME/h increased, while in Norderheverkoog DME/h decreased significantly with increasing disturbance frequency. At the same time DEE/h increased in both areas significantly. As a consequence Δ E/h was reduced at days with a high disturbance frequency; in Westerhever by 8,7 % and in Norderheverkoog by 27,5%. In the disturbed area the birds compensated the time-loss during feeding and the higher energetic costs during disturbance-related flights by a change in activity pattern and by an increased food consumption per time unit. Based on physiological constraints the birds reached their compensatory abilities. The calculated bodymass gain and the proportion of young birds in the flocks was reduced in autumn.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The system Na4(VO3)4-NaCl-H20 is taken as an example for ultracentrifugal measurements at sedimentation equilibrium to determine the molar mass and the valency of a polymer electrolyte in a ternary system when interactions exist between the polymer and the supporting electrolyte. The experimental apparent molar mass is obtained by extrapolation to zero value of concentration of both the polymeric and supporting electrolyte. It is possible to correlate the quantity (alnyPX z /amBX)mPXz at the point m PX z = 0 mole kg-1 with the apparent valency zapp of the polymeric anion.z app is related to the stoichiometric valency by the equationz app = z =a.Z. Thus the dissociation constant can be calculated for complete dissociation of the polymer electrolyte. The dependence of zapp and (aln y PX z /a m BX ) m PX z = 0 on concentration of the supporting electrolyte called for in the correlation is verified experimentally.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel des Systems Na4(VO3)4-NaCl-H2O wird untersucht, in welcher Weise Ultrazentrifugenmessungen im Sedimentationsgleichgewicht durchgeführt werden müssen, um die molare Masse und die Ladungszahl von Polymerelektrolyten in ternären Systemen unter der Bedingung von nicht vernachlässigbaren Wechselwirkungen zwischen Polymerund Fremdelektrolyt zu bestimmen. Es erweist sich, daß die experimentellen scheinbaren molaren Massen nicht nur auf die Polymerkonzentration Null extrapoliert werden müssen, sondern auch auf die Fremdelektrolytkonzentration Null. Es gelingt, die Ableitung (alnyPXz/amBx)mPXz an der StellemPXz = 0 mol kg-1 mit einer scheinbaren mittleren Ladungszahlz app des Polymeranions zu korrelieren. Zwischen dieser und der stöchiometrischen Ladungszahlz des Polymeranions besteht die Beziehungz app = Z =az, so daß die Dissoziationskonstante des Polymerelektrolyten für die summarische Dissoziation berechnet werden kann. Die aus dieser Korrelation folgenden Abhängigkeiten der scheinbaren mittleren Ladungszahlen und der Ableitung (alnypx z /amBX)Mpx z = 0 von der Konzentration des Fremdelektrolyten werden experimentell bestätigt.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 212 (1968), S. 83-103 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Within the framework of the hydrodynamic model the exact coupling constants of the coupling of the giant multipole resonances to the surface quadrupole oscillations of nuclei are derived. The differences to former variational calculations are discussed. It is found that the coupling constants for the terms linear in the surface variables are almost the same whereas the coupling constants for the quadratic terms differ appreciably. The influence on the photon absorption and scattering cross sections of spherical nuclei is discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 291 (1979), S. 353-365 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The photodisintegration of the stable Lithium isotopes has been investigated by spectroscopy of the emitted charged particles using the Giessen bremsstrahlung facility. Protons, deuterons, tritons,3He and alpha particles were detected and identified up to 20MeV particle energy. Angular distributions were measured using γ-ray energies up toE γ =50 MeV. They are compared with theoretical predictions and with other experiments. A remarkable low (γ, t)-cross section was found for both isotopes in disagreement to previous measurements using virtual photons. Coincidence measurements between the emitted particles were performed in order to study the manybody-breakups of7Li.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.75.+r
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Positively charged pions and protons from collisions of Ne+NaF and Au+Au at 1 GeV/nucleon incident energy were measured near midrapidity. The center-of-mass pion spectra deviate from a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The slope of the high-energy part of the pion spectra varies significantly with the system mass and little with the size of the reaction zone. While the total pion yield rises linearly with the number of participant nucleons, the highenergy component increases more than linearly.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 757-761 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Vasculogenesis ; angiogenesis ; muscle ; embryonic ; metabolites ; fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ; chorioallantoic membrane (CAM)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Normal and pathological formation of blood vessels is of considerable interest both in terms of basic scientific processes and clinical applications. Angiogenic events in the adult are likely to represent persistence of developmental mechanisms, and embryos are therefore a suitable experimental model for these processes. Among embryonic tissues, muscle is particularly appropriate for investigation, since it is highly vascularised from early stages. There are a number of competing explanations of how this process is controlled. Bioassays offer advantages over conventional molecular localisation techniques, in that they reveal the presence of active processed forms of the molecules under study, rather than non-processed forms, or non-translated meassages. Using these techniques, we report here that embryonic chick muscle, taken from the stages at which blood vessels are forming, produces an angiogenic activity on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and transforms NR6 cells in soft agar. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is shown to be angiogenic on the CAM in the same way, and also transforms NR6 cells (NR6 cells lack functional epidermal growth factor/transforming growth factor-a receptors, and are believed to respond only to bFGF in this way). Anti-bFGF removes the transforming activity of the embryonic muscle. We conclude that this represents evidence that embryonic chick muscle is producing an FGF-like molecule which is capable of acting as an angiogenic agent at the appropriate times in development.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1066-1068 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vinblastine did not affect the basal secretion of enzymes from the rat pancreas, but it potentiates the secretory response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP. This potentiation is confirmed by the observation of numerous pictures of exocytosis at the apical part of the acinar cell. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP by itself, or associated with vinblastine, failed to modify the spontaneous release of enzymes or the secretion induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 1276-1277 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The C and G chromosome banding patterns and the AgAS positive sites (NOR regions) of cultured lung cells of the Eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) are presented. A distinctive secondary constriction is found on a pair of autosomes instead of on the X-chromosome as previously believed. The presence of a heterochromatic heteromorphism is noted and a large amount of constitutive heterochromatin is present in the karyotype.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: dialogue systems ; multilingual NL generation ; natural language processing ; public administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents two projects concerned with the application of natural language processing technology for improving communication between Public Administration and citizens. The first project, GIST,is concerned with automatic multilingual generation of instructional texts for form-filling. The second project, TAMIC, aims at providing an interface for interactive access to information, centered on natural language processing and supposed to be used by the clerk but with the active participation of the citizen.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 59 (1969), S. 228-256 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract An area of about 200 sq.m., consisting of epimetamorphic Precambrian schists and granites in the northern parts of the Tibesti mountains was studied by geologic interpretation of small scale aerial photographs. The scope of work was the evaluation of the structural trends in the basement complex, the distribution of lengths and azimuts of the fracture pattern, and a quantitative asessment of the drainage system. Plotting of the photogeologic and drainage map was done by a third order instrument, the ZEISS Stereotop. The network of pass points used in stereoplotting was established by slotted templet radial triangulation at a scale of 1∶50000. Fracture trace analysis showed that the fracture pattern is not related to the fold structures of the bedrock, but to a younger wrench fault system with a master shear direction of 30°. The drainage network is mature in spite of only episodic rainfalls. 15 drainage basins of 3rd to 5th order magnitude were examined closely, and channel orders, numbers and lengths as well as basin areas were determined.Horton's law of stream numbers is observed closely by all basins in spite of obvious structural control. The weighted mean bifurcation ratio is fairly constant around the value of 4.10. Mean channel lengths seem to be more sensitive to structural control, as deviations of measurements fromHorton's second law are noticeable in many basins. Drainage densities are closely grouped around a mean value of 3.53. The relation between drainage density and channel frequency found byMelton is maintained, but the values tend to be somewhat lower than described originally. Influence of fracture directions on the drainage pattern is obvious in the distribution of azimuts. ASpearman rank correlation test showed significant control of the drainage network by the directions of the fracture system. The use of aerial photographs in quantitative evaluations of fracture and drainage patterns may, in many cases, result in the procurement of more accurate data in much shorter time than by conventional methods.
    Abstract: Résumé L'interprétation photogéologique d'une région de schistes précambriens épimétamorphiques d'environ 500 km2 au versant nord du Tibesti a été effectuée en vue d'une étude quantitative des grandes structures et des réseaux de fractures et de drainage. L'analyse statistique des fractures a prouvé que les directions dominantes du réseau de fractures ne sont pas liées au plissement mais à un «wrench fault system» au sens deMoody &Hill (1956). On a pu détérminer l'ordre, le nombre et les longueurs des segments de drainage ainsi que la surface des bassins du réseau de drainage, bien développé malgré les pluies rares mais intenses. Le contrôle structural du réseau de drainage présente un écart relativement faible de la 1ère loi deHorton. Le système de drainage s'accorde toutefois moins bien à la 2e loi deHorton, manifestement plus sensitive. Sur un sous-sol uniforme au point de vue lithologique, le rapport de bifurcation est assez constant autour de la valeur moyenne Rh=4.10. La relation entre la densité du réseau de drainage et la fréquence des segments découverte parMelton (1958) s'est confirmée. La comparaison des directions des réseaux de fractures et de drainage démontre nettement l'influence, prouvée par un test de corrélationSpearman, des directions tectoniques sur le système de drainage. L'analyse photogéologique de photographies aériennes permet une étude quantitative de réseux de fractures et de drainage en moins de temps et avec une précision souvent supérieure aux mesures faites sur des cartes ou sur le terrain.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einem Bereich präkambrischer epizonal metamorpher Schiefer von rund 500 km2 am Nordabfall des Tibestigebirges wurde eine photogeologische Untersuchung durchgeführt, um neben den Großstrukturen das Kluftnetz und das Entwässerungsnetz möglichst quantitativ zu erfassen. Die statistische Kluftanalyse ergab, daß die vorherrschenden Richtungen des Kluftnetzes genetisch nicht mit dem Faltenbau in Verbindung gebracht werden können, sondern an ein „wrench fault system“ im Sinne vonMoody &Hill (1956) gebunden sind. An dem voll entwickelten Entwässerungsnetz von Trockentälern, die nur während der episodischen, aber intensiven Regenfälle Wasser führen, wurden die Ordnungen, Anzahlen und Längen der Talsegmente sowie die Fläche der einzelnen Entwässerungsbecken bestimmt. Die bei struktureller Kontrolle des Entwässerungsnetzes zu erwartenden Abweichungen vonHorton's 1. Gesetz sind verhältnismäßig gering. Das Talsystem folgt jedoch dem offenbar sensitiveren 2.Horton'schen Gesetz wesentlich schlechter. Bei lithologisch gleichmäßigem Untergrund liegt das mittlere Bifurkationsverhältnis recht konstant um den Wert Rb=4,10. Der vonMelton (1958) gefundene gesetzmäßige Zusammenhang zwischen Entwässerungsdichte und Talsegment-Häufigkeit konnte bestätigt werden. Ein Vergleich der Richtungsverteilungen von Kluft- und Talnetz erweist die deutliche Beeinflussung des Entwässerungssystems durch die tektonischen Richtungen; einSpearman-Rangkorrelationstest ergibt für die Mehrzahl der Bekken bei einem Signifikanzniveau von α=0,100 eine signifikante Beeinflussung des Entwässerungsnetzes durch die Kluftrichtungen. Für quantitative Untersuchungen über Kluftnetz und Entwässerungsnetz bietet die photogeologische Auswertung von Luftbildern nicht nur Vorteile im Zeit- und Arbeitsaufwand, sondern teilweise auch höhere Genauigkeit gegenüber Messungen aus Karten oder im Gelände.
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