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  • Chemistry  (1,631)
  • General Chemistry  (455)
  • Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
  • 2000-2004  (51)
  • 1995-1999  (1,041)
  • 1975-1979  (317)
  • 1970-1974  (268)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 18 (1995), S. 225-228 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple and inexpensive Pbs-FET with high sensitivity and short response time was developed which consists of a PbS layer on a pH-sensitive gate of a field effect transistor. The PbS-layer was prepared with simple wet precipitations technique. The PbS-FET has about the same selectivities for Pb2+ -and for Cu2+ -ions, but only slight sensitivity for Cd2+ -and Zn2+ -ions. The sensor was integrated in a FIA system. By variing the injection time the measuring range varied between 10-1-10-6 and 10-2-10-8 mol Pb2+/1. The PbS-FET-FIA system is suitable for monitoring of Pb2+ concentrations in drinking water.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sieben polymerhomologe Proben eines thermoplastischen Polyurethans (TPU) wurden in verdünnter Lösung in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinon (NMP) mit Größenausschlußchromatographie (SEC) auf Normalphase-Silicagel, Viskosimetrie bei kleinem Schergefälle und Membranosmometrie charakterisiert. Die Staudinger-Mark-Houwink (SMH)-Konstanten dieser homologen Serie wurden mit einer neuen Methode auf der Basis der universellen Kalibrierung der SEC mit engen Polystyrol-Standards berechnet. Die ermittelten SMH-Konstanten dieser TPU-Proben in NMP bei 298 K (K = 3,94 mL g-1, a = 0,29) bewiesen die verzweigte Struktur dieser TPU-Proben und wurden durch die Osmometrie bestätigt.
    Notes: Seven homologous samples of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were characterized in dilute solutions of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) on normal-phase silica gel, low-shear viscometry and membrane osmometry. The Staudinger-Mark-Houwink (SMH) constants of this homologous series were obtained by a new procedure of calculation on the basis of universal calibration of SEC with narrow polystyrene standards. The calculated SMH constants for these TPU samples in NMP at 298 K (K = 3.94 mL g-1, a = 0.29) prove the branched structure of this TPU samples and were further confirmed by osmometry.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 209-215 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Titanium ; Amidocyclopentadienyl ligand ; Alkyltitanium compounds ; Lewis acids ; Agostic interactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Titanium complexes of the general type Ti(η5:η1-C5H4Si-Me2NCH2C6H3X2-2,5)Cl2 (X=H, F), containing a linked benzylamido-cyclopentadienyl ligand, were prepared by reaction of Ti(η5-C5H4SiMe2Cl)Cl3 with lithium amide Li(NHCH2C6H3X2-2,5). A single-crystal X-ray structural analysis of Ti(η5: η1-C5H4SiME2NCH2C6H3F2-2,5)Cl2 revealed a conformation in the solid state in which the aryl ring is turned away from the metal center. Ti(η5:η1-C5H4SiMe2NCH2C6H5)Cl2 can be alkylated with a variety of reagents to form extremely sensitive complexes of the type Ti(η5-C5H4SiMe,2NCH2C6H5)R2 (R=Me, CH2 C6H5, CH2SiME3, CH2CMe2C6H5). Reaction of Li2[C5Me4SiMe2NCH2C6H5] with TiCl3(THF)3 gave Ti(η5: η1-C5Me4SiMe2NCH2C6H5)Cl2, which can also be alkylated to form dialkyl complexes of the type Ti(η5:η1-C5Me4SiMe2NCH2C6H5)R2(R=Me, CH2C6H5, CH2SiMe3, C6H5).A single-crystal X-ray structural analysis of Ti(η5:η1-C5Me4SiMe2NCH2C6H5)(CH2C6H5)2 suggests the presence of α-agostic bonding of one of the titanium-bound CH2C6H5 groups to the titanium center.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 2797-2812 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Even though there has been a recent interest in the use of principal component analysis (PCA) for sensor fault detection and identification, few identification schemes for faulty sensors have considered the possibility of an abnormal operating condition of the plant. This article presents the use of PCA for sensor fault identification via reconstruction. The principal component model captures measurement correlations and reconstructs each variable by using iterative substitution and optimization. The transient behavior of a number of sensor faults in various types of residuals is analyzed. A sensor validity index (SVI) is proposed to determine the status of each sensor. On-line implementation of the SVI is examined for different types of sensor faults. The way the index is filtered represents an important tuning parameter for sensor fault identification. An example using boiler process data demonstrates attractive features of the SVI.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Clathrate hosts ; Clathrates ; Crystalline inclusion compounds ; Clathrate structures ; Host-guest chemistry ; Anthracene derivatives ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -A series of new clathrate host molecules (1-10) containing two diarylhydroxymethyl groups attached to different positions (1,5 or 1,8) of a basic anthracene construction unit have been synthesized. Their clathrate formation properties with a variety of organic guests, including amines, alcohols, ketones, and other dipolar aprotic compounds or aromatic hydrocarbons are reported (143 examples of clathrates). The inclusion properties and the clathrate stoichiometries depend in a systematic manner on the structure of the host molecules. The crystal structures of six selected clathrates of different classes of compound have been determined by X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 295-300 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A light-scattering instrument that is normally used for particle size analysis was applied to obtain information about particle shape. Micro-cuboids of dimensions a × b × c in the range between 10 and 1000 μm, which can be accurately manufactured employing special technology, were used as labelled samples for the determination of 3-D features. Particle projections at different orientations due to turbulent motion were measured sequentially. The laser diffraction of cuboids rotating in a turbulent flow is described theoretically using a simplified model, i.e. rotation of a rectangle. The change in the projection areas of rotating cuboids is connected with their rotational velocity. The power spectrum density of rotational velocity of cuboids and spheres was determined and the influence of particle shape on the power spectrum density established. The frequency distribution of projection sizes was found to be suitable for particle shape estimation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 237-244 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Titanium complexes ; Amido-cyclopentadienyl ligand ; Titanium alkyl ; Intramolecular coordination ; Ethene polymerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Titanium complexes containing a linked isopropyl- or benzylamido(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) ligand C5Me4SiMe2NR (R = iPr, CH2Ph,) and one bidentate organyl group C6H4(CH2NMe2)-2, CH2C6H4(NMe2)-2, and {η5-C5H3(CH2NMe2)-2}Fe(η5-C5H5) were prepared by salt metathesis of the corresponding dichloro complex Ti(η5:η1-C5Me4SiMe2NR)Cl2 with the lithium organyl. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis of Ti(η5:η1-C5Me4SiMe2NCH2Ph)- {C6H4(CH2NMe2)-2}Cl and of Ti(η5:η1-C5Me4SiMe2NiPr){CH2C6H4(NMe2)-2}Cl revealed the presence of intramolecular coordination with square pyramidal geometry around titanium. In the ferrocenyl derivative Ti(η5:η1-C5Me4SiMe2NCH2Ph)[{η5-C5H3(CH2NMe2)-2}Fe(η5-C5H5)]Cl the NMe2 group is not bonded at the titanium atom. Ethene polymerization catalyzed by these complexes upon activation with methylaluminoxane was examined.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Palladium ; Azide ; Pyridine ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Palladium(II) azide (1) was synthesized by reaction of palladium nitrate and sodium azide. 1 was characterized by AAS, IR, and 14N-NMR spectroscopy. Bis(azido)bis(pyridine)palladium(II) (2) and tetramminepalladium tetraazidopalladate(II) (3) were synthesized by a high-yield reaction. Both were characterized by X-ray structural analysis, IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optical properties of the indole chromophore of the indole alkaloid yohimbinic acid have been investigated as a function of molecular conformation. Theoretical rotatory strengths have been calculated and compared with experimental circular dichroism spectra. Optical data that may be suitable for calculating the chiroptical properties of the near ultraviolet electronic transitions of the indole chromophores, which occur in tryptophan residues of proteins, have been developed. The far ultraviolet transitions of yohimbinic acid have also been investigated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: soluble aromatic polyimides ; size exclusion chromatography ; molecular weight characterization ; mobile phase/stationary phase interactions (SEC) ; high performance polyimides ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Soluble, fully cyclized m-amino phenyl acetylene terminated polyimides based on several anhydride/diamine monomers were prepared in N-methylpyrrolidine (NMP) and cyclized by solution imidization to controlled molecular weight. The polyimides and a polyamic acid precursor were successfully analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) utilizing online parallel coupled refractive index and differential viscometer detectors. The calculated Mnvalues were varied from 3,000 to 20,000 daltons. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and chloroform served as mobile phases for the cross-linked polystyrene gel packings. Normal retention behavior of the polyimides was observed in chloroform, THF, and NMP containing LiBr, or in NMP stirred over P2O5 before use. Values of Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponents for narrow distribution linear polystyrene indicate that pure NMP and NMP with 0.06 M LiBr are good solvents for polystyrene standards at 60°C. In contrast, SEC behavior of polyimides in pure NMP leads to splitting of the peaks with the major portion observed to pass through the columns at the exclusion limit. In contrast to strong polymeric chain expansion of the polyamic acid in dilute solution, presumably due to a polyelectrolyte effect, no increase of intrinsic viscosity of polyimide samples in pure NMP was observed. This exclusion effect of polyimides analyzed in NMP is discussed in terms of possible ion-exclusion from pores of the stationary phase. Differences in polystyrene calibration in NMP with or without additives and the temperature dependence of calibration curves in these mobile phases is discussed as well. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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