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  • pheromone  (6)
  • Chlorophyll fluorescence
  • Springer  (8)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1930-1934
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  • Springer  (8)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual feedback in the control of pheromone-mediated flight ofHeliothis virescens males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 605-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Heliothis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; visual feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract MaleHeliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were made to fly into a uniformly white and translucent tube within a large wind tunnel while responding to sex pheromone. Different visual patterns placed within the tube greatly affected the ability of the male moths to maintain upwind progress or remain oriented to the wind while in contact with the plume. Over 89% of males attempting to fly through a blank tube, lacking visual patterns, became disoriented, the males gaining or losing altitude and repeatedly hitting the sides of the tube. Patterns of 20–40 dots placed on the sides of the tube at or slightly above plume level resulted in high levels of sustained upwind flight (47–74%) relative to patterns placed directly below (30–40%), directly above (35%), or slightly below the level of the flight path (26–44%). Optimal upwind progression in pheromone-responding males occurred when image motion could be resolved both transversely (T), orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the body relative to the horizontal plane of the environment, and longitudinally (L), along the body axis. Even very sparse patterns (single rows of dots) could elicit high levels of sustained upwind flight (53–63%) when positioned within the tube such that the males' movements would create both L and T image motion. However, successful negotiation of the tube was also unexpectedly facilitated by patterns apparently providing no horizontal transverse component for flying males but providing longitudinal flow while centering the moth in the plume through a symmetrical left-right input (4–40%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997435
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile compounds from interdigital gland of male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 1689-1696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Interdigital gland ; Odocoileus virginianus ; pheromone ; scent communication ; semiochemical ; volatiles ; white-tailed deer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Interdigital secretions were collected from eight male white-tailed deer of various ages. Analysis of volatiles was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with a modified headspace technique. Forty-six volatile compounds were found including alkanes, arenes, aldehydes, ketones, aliphatic acids, esters, pyrroles, furans, and sulfur compounds. Eleven occurred in higher concentrations (P≤0.10) in dominant (≥3.5-year-old) than in subordinate (≥1.5-year-old) animals. Dominant males typically have higher serum testosterone levels, and fatty acids and esters fluctuate with sebum production, which is under hormonal control. Therefore, these compounds may reflect testosterone levels and act as chemical signals indicating the presence of a dominant male. Interdigital volatiles also may act as generalized scent trail markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02272407
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysing the responses of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to long-term elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration (1993)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 104-105 (1993), S. 33-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Greenhouse effect ; Chlorophyll fluorescence ; RubisCQ ; Photosystem II ; Stomata ; Quantum efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Understanding how photosynthetic capacity acclimatises when plants are grown in an atmosphere of rising CO2 concentrations will be vital to the development of mechanistic models of the response of plant productivity to global environmental change. A limitation to the study of acclimatisation is the small amount of material that may be destructively harvested from long-term studies of the effects of elevation of CO2 concentration. Technological developments in the measurement of gas exchange, fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy, coupled with theoretical developments in the interpretation of measured values now allow detailed analyses of limitations to photosynthesisin vivo. The use of leaf chambers with Ulbricht integrating spheres allows separation of change in the maximum efficiency of energy transduction in the assimilation of CO2 from changes in tissue absorptance. Analysis of the response of CO2 assimilation to intercellular CO2 concentration allows quantitative determination of the limitation imposed by stomata, carboxylation efficiency, and the rate of regeneration of ribulose 1:5 bisphosphate. Chlorophyll fluorescence provides a rapid method for detecting photoinhibition in heterogeneously illuminated leaves within canopies in the field. Modulated fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy allow parallel measurements of the efficiency of light utilisation in electron transport through photosystems I and IIin situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048143
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroantennographic and coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic responses of the mediterranean fruit fly,Ceratitis capitata, to male-produced volatiles and mango odor (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1823-1836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diptera ; Tephritidae ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; Ceratitis capitata ; pheromone ; attractants ; mango volatiles ; Mangifera indica ; Headspace analysis ; gas chromatography-electroantennography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We have identified five compounds from the headspace of calling male Mediterranean fruit flies (medfly),Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and three compounds from the headspace of ripe mango (Mangifera indica L). using coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic (GC-EAG) recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis, and electroantennographic (EAG) assays of standards. The male-produced volatiles eliciting responses from female antennae were ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate, geranyl acetate, (E,E)-α-farnesene, linalool, and indole. An EAG dose-response test of linalool enantiomers and indole with female medfly antennae showed relatively strong EAG activities, but no significant difference between (R)-(-)-linalool and (S)-(+)-linalool. The three mango volatiles were identified as (1S)-(-)-β-pinene, ethyl octanoate, andβ-caryophyllene. In addition, a strong antennal response was recorded from a contaminant,α-copaene, present in a commercial sample ofβ-caryophyllene. The EAG response amplitudes from both male and female antennae to the above three mango volatiles were significantly greater than to a hexanol control. For both male and female medfly antennae, the greatest EAG responses were elicited byβ-caryophyllene followed by ethyl octanoate. The mean EAG responses of female antennae toβ-caryophyllene and (1S)-(-)-β-pinene were significantly greater than those of male antennae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033679
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile Compounds from the Forehead Region of Male White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 569-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Forehead hair ; Odocoileus virginianus ; pheromone ; scent communication ; semiochemical ; volatiles ; white-tailed deer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Secretions produced by sebaceous and apocrine glands of cervids may be important in identifying individuals, establishing dominance, and signaling sexual readiness. The secretions from these glands are transferred to the hair for both lubrication and scent communication via forehead rubbing. We collected hair samples from the forehead and back of 10 male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) of various ages and analyzed them with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine age-related differences. Fifty-seven compounds were identified, including alkanes, arenes, aldehydes, ketones, aliphatic alcohols, terpenes, terpene alcohols, and phenols. Although forehead apocrine glands of dominant deer become more active during the breeding season, we found that concentrations of eight compounds found on the forehead hair were higher in subordinate deer, while only one was higher in dominant deer. Subordinate deer may have higher concentrations of these compounds because they rub less frequently than dominant deer. Additionally, only five forehead hair volatiles differed in concentration from those taken from the back hair. This seems to indicate that an increase in forehead glandular activity may take place concurrently with an increase in general integumentary glandular activity. The variation in hair volatiles among individuals also may be indicative of an individual-specific odor that could aid in identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006397.63647.5b
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and the rate of photosystem 2 photochemistry in leaves (1990)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 25 (1990), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence ; flash-induced kinetics ; fluorescence quenching ; non-photochemical quenching ; photochemistry ; photosystem 2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been suggested previously that non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence is associated with a decrease in the rate of photosystem 2 (PS 2) photochemistry. In this study analyses of fluorescence yield changes, induced by flashes in leaves exhibiting different amounts of non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence, are made to determine the effect of non-photochemical excitation energy quenching processes on the rate of PS 2 photochemistry. It is demonstrated that both the high-energy state and the more slowly relaxing components of non-photochemical quenching reduce the rate of PS 2 photochemistry. Flash dosage response curves for fluorescence yield show that non-photochemical quenching processes effectively decrease the relative effective absorption cross-section for PS 2 photochemistry. It is suggested that non-photochemical quenching processes exert an effect on the rate of PS 2 photochemistry by increasing the dissipation of excitation energy by non-radiative processes in the pigment matrices of PS 2, which consequently results in a decrease in the efficiency of delivery of excitation energy for PS 2 photochemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033166
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and bioassay of sex pheromone components of carob moth,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1973-1988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Flight tunnel ; gas chromatography-electrophysiology ; mass ; spectrometry ; aldehydes ; (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal ; (Z,E)-9,11-tetra-decadienal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three sex pheromone components of the carob moth were isolated and identified from the extract of female pheromone glands, using a variety of techniques including coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, microozonolysis, electroantennographic assays of monounsaturated standards, wind-tunnel bioassays, and field trials. The major component was identified as (Z,E)-9,11,13-tetradecatrienal, a novel lepidopterous pheromone component structure. Two minor components, either one of which improves the upwind flight response of males when blended with the major component, were identified as (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienal, and (Z)-9-tetra-decenal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992582
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An equilibrium and stability study of Δ1-pyrroline (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1595-1602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrrole ; pheromone ; Δ1-pyrroline ; [1H]NMR spectroscopy ; [13C]NMR spectroscopy ; equilibrium ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; Ceratitis capitata ; Diptera ; Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several properties of the compound 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole(A1-pyrroline), which has been reported as a component of the male-produced Mediterranean fruit fly pheromone, have been determined by [1H]- and [13C]nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The stability of Δ1-pyrroline in several solvents and at moderately elevated temperatures has been investigated, and it has been established that it exists as both a monomer and trimer in solution. Although equilibrium studies indicate that the trimer is thermodynamically more stable than the monomer in solution, only the monomer was found in the vapor phase based on infrared analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993232
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