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  • Springer  (108)
  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (7)
  • 2000-2004  (17)
  • 1995-1999  (66)
  • 1990-1994  (26)
  • 1965-1969  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved automated extraction and separation procedure for soil lipid analyses (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 55 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Analysis of soil lipids may contribute to an improved understanding of atmosphere to soil carbon fluxes, soil organic matter source differentiation and pollutant accumulation. Soil lipids, mostly originating from plants and microorganisms, have traditionally been analysed by non-automated extraction and separation methods, which produce several lipid fractions, operationally defined by polarity. Here we present a combination of fast, automated and reproducible techniques, adopted from organic geochemical studies, for preparative separation of individual soil lipid fractions with increasing polarity. These techniques involve commercially available instruments, including accelerated solvent extraction and a two-step automated medium-pressure liquid chromatography procedure. The method yields eight lipid fractions consisting of five fractions fully amenable to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, carboxylic acids), and three fractions of highly polar or high molecular weight compounds (bases, very long-chain wax esters (C40+), high polarity compounds) that were not measurable with GC/MS under standard conditions. We tested the method on five agricultural soils. Results show that (i) mass recoveries for the individual fractions are reproducible, (ii) within individual fractions compound distribution patterns are reproducible, as demonstrated for alkanes and carboxylic acids, and (iii) individual fractions represent distinct and clean compound classes, free of interfering substances detectable by GC/MS. Thus, automated separation can be a fast, effective and reproducible procedure for fractionation of complex mixtures of soil lipids into clean compound classes, directly suitable for a variety of molecular (e.g. GC/MS) and isotopic characterizations (e.g. gas chromatography coupled with isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometry or accelerator mass spectrometry).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1351-0754.2004.00601.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charred organic carbon in German chernozemic soils (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Burning vegetation produces partly charred plant material which subsequently could contribute to the highly refractory proportion of soil organic matter. The presence of charred organic carbon (COC) was investigated in 17 horizons originating from nine soils from Germany and the Netherlands using a suite of complementary methods (high-energy ultraviolet photo-oxidation, scanning electron microscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, lignin analysis by CuO oxidation). Charred organic carbon could not be detected in the A horizons of an Alisol and a Gleysol, but it contributed up to 45% of the organic carbon and up to about 8 g kg–1 of the soil in a range of grey to black soils (Cambisol, Luvisol, Phaeozem, Chernozem and Greyzem). All these soils have chernozemic soil properties (dark colour, A–C profile, high base saturation, bioturbation). A 10-km colour sequence of four chernozemic soils, which were very similar in chemical and physical properties, showed a strong relation between colour and the content of COC. This suggests that the COC affects mainly soil colour in the sequence studied. Finely divided COC seems to be a major constituent of many chernozemic soils in Germany. These results suggest that besides climate, vegetation and bioturbation, fire has played an important role in the pedogenesis of chernozemic soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00236.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle size fractionation of soil containing coal and combusted particles (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Standard procedure for dispersing natural soils for particle size fractionation can be too aggressive for soil containing coal and other organic particles from coal industries. We have investigated ultrasonic dispersion for the latter in four soils differing in pedogenesis (Phaeozem, Podzol, reclaimed mine soils), carbon content (27.5–138.6 g kg–1), clay content (80–153 g kg–1) and sources of particles (airborne coal dust, combustion residues, lignite particles). As we found previously for natural soils, the ultrasonic energy needed for complete dispersion varies between 450 and 500 J ml–1, but the resulting particle size distributions differ from those obtained by standard textural analysis. This is probably related to the different properties of native soil organic matter and coal and combusted particles. Coal and soot particles may partly resist oxidation with hydrogen peroxide, depending on material and particle size. The diameter of lignite particles, remaining after oxidation, is overestimated in sedimentation analysis by a factor of 1.66. Sand-sized lignite particles can be disrupted by ultrasonication and redistributed to finer particle size fractions. The ultrasonic dispersion and particle size fractionation procedure can be applied to soils containing coal and combusted particles, but caution is needed in interpreting the results if they contain large proportions of coal particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00254.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of an ultrasonic dispersion procedure to isolate primary organomineral complexes from soils (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Soil organic matter can be intimately associated with mineral particles of various sizes. For structural studies, soil organic matter can be isolated in particle size fractions after complete dispersion of the aggregates by ultrasonication. The ultrasonic dispersion energy necessary for complete dispersion was investigated in three A and two B horizons originating from four soils differing in pedogenesis (Gleysol, Phaeozem, Podzol, Alisol), organic C (4.2–34.5 g kg–1) and clay content (24–294 g kg–1). Calorimetric calibration of five probe-type ultrasonifiers revealed that the actual energy output from an instrument can depart widely from its nominal output, and that this discrepancy varies from instrument to instrument. Calorimetric calibration is therefore essential for consistency and comparisons between laboratories. Between 450 and 500 J ml–1 of ultrasonic dispersion energy was enough to disperse completely all samples investigated. The particle size distributions obtained were close to those from standard analysis, except for smaller yields (–20 to –80 g kg–1) of sand size fractions, which suggests that dispersion by ultrasound is more effective. Based on total C, C:N ratio and distribution of dissolved C, no detachment of soil organic matter from primary organomineral complexes and no redistribution between particle size fractions could be detected in the range 30–590 J ml–1 of dispersion energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00211.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic matter in particle-size fractions from A and B horizons of a Haplic Alisol (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 53 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The organic matter in soils may be stabilized by its interactions with minerals. We have studied such interactions in a Haplic Alisol under forest in which clay and organic matter have migrated from an eluvial A horizon to accumulate in an illuvial B horizon. We have tried to trace the fate of organic matter in these horizons (Ah and Bvt) by determining clay mineralogy, carbon and nitrogen content, hydrolysable amino acids, lignin signature by alkaline CuO oxidation and carbon species by 13C CPMAS NMR of bulk soils and particle-size fractions. In both horizons, most of the organic matter was present in O–alkyl and methylene structures, each contributing one-third to the bulk organic matter. In the Ah horizon the ratios of carbon-to-nitrogen, and yields for lignin and hydrolysable amino acids decreased as the particle-size class decreased, but side-chain oxidation of lignin compounds increased with decreasing particle size. In contrast to previous observations, the proportions of O–alkyl carbon increased as particle size decreased, constituting a major proportion of the organic carbon in the clay-size fractions from both the Ah and Bvt horizons (≥ 38%), while proportions of methylene carbon decreased. Illite was the dominant mineral in the fraction ≤ 6 μm, whereas the mobile fine clay fraction (〈0.2 μm) was rich in smectites – minerals with large surface areas. Our results support the hypothesis that potentially labile organic matter, such as O–alkyl carbon typically present in polysaccharides, may be stabilized against further degradation in organomineral complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00460.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Never say never again: protein glycosylation in pathogenic bacteria (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 45 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In recent years, accumulating evidence for glycosylated bacterial proteins has overthrown an almost dogmatic belief that prokaryotes are not able to synthesize glycoproteins. Now it is widely accepted that eubacteria express glycoproteins. Although, at present, detailed information about glycosylation and structure–function relationships is available for only few eubacterial proteins, the variety of different components and structures observed already indicates that the variations in bacterial glycoproteins seem to exceed the rather limited display found in eukaryotes. Numerous virulence factors of bacterial pathogens have been found to be covalently modified with carbohydrate residues, thereby identifying these factors as true glycoproteins. In several bacterial species, gene clusters suggested to represent a general pro-tein glycosylation system have been identified. In other cases, genes encoding highly specific glycosyltransferases have been found to be directly linked with virulence genes. These findings raise interesting questions concerning a potential role of glycosylation in pathogenesis. In this review, we will therefore focus on protein glycosylation in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03030.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insertion of EspD into epithelial target cell membranes by infecting enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 31 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (DAEC) strains have been implicated in epidemiological studies as a cause of diarrhoea in children. However, the molecular interactions of these pathogens with target cells have remained largely obscure. We found that some DAEC strains contain homologues of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island and secrete EspA, EspB and EspD proteins necessary for the formation of the attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. To characterize the function of the EspD protein further, we cloned and sequenced the espD genes of two DA-EPEC strains and compared their deduced amino-acid sequences with known EspD sequences. A pattern of two conserved transmembrane regions and one conserved coiled-coil region is predicted in EspD and also in the type III system secreted proteins YopB, PopB, IpaB and SipB of Yersinia, Pseudomonas, Shigella and Salmonella respectively. The EspD protein is inserted into a trypsin-sensitive location in the HeLa cell membrane at sites of bacterial contact, but is not translocated into the cytoplasm. Secretion of EspD increases upon contact with host cells. We propose that the membrane-located EspD protein is part of the translocation apparatus for Esp proteins into the target host cell performing functions similar to YopB in Yersinia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01303.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Film formation of latex dispersions observed with evanescent dynamic light scattering (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 191-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Evanescent dynamic light scattering ; colloidal dispersions ; film formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We have applied evanescent dynamic light scattering (DLS) to study the film formation of polymer latex dispersions. A dynamical glass transition is observed. When the particles fuse, the scattering rate decreases. After fusion, a new fast process (τ r 1 ms) is observed, which is not present in bulk DLS data. We attribute the process to discontinuous relaxation of surface induced stresses (transient micro-cracks).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182447
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic energy spectrum and polarization of neutrons from the reaction 12C(p,n)X at 590 MeV (1998)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 2 (1998), S. 411-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:29.25.Dz Neutron sources – 25.40.Ve Other reactions above meson production thresholds – 13.75.Cs Nucleon-nucleon interactions (including antinucleons, deuterons etc.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstact: The kinetic energy spectrum and the polarization of the PSI neutron beam produced in the reaction 12C(p,n)X at 0° with 590 MeV polarized protons were investigated. A strong energy dependence of the neutron beam polarization is observed which was not expected at the time the neutron beam was built.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050138
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strong impact of the electron-photon matrix element on angle-resolved photoelectron spectra of Sr 2 CuO 2 Cl 2 (2001)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 23 (2001), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 74.72.Jt Other cuprates – 79.60.-i Photoemission and photoelectron spectra – 74.25.Jb Electronic structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: In recent years insight has been gained into the electronic structure of layered cuprates using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. In many of these studies it is assumed that the electron-photon matrix element follows the trends set by the atomic photoionization cross sections and does not influence lineshape, dispersion and the k-dependence of the spectral intensity. In this study using Sr2CuO2Cl2 as an example it will be shown that the electron-photon matrix element can have a strong impact on both strength and shape of a feature in an angle-resolved photoelectron spectrum of a layered cuprate which can strongly affect information on character and the momentum-dependence of the energy and spectral weight of a state deduced from the spectra. The results of this study put an emphasis on the need to employ the whole parameter range of the ARPES method to get reliable information on the spectral function of cuprates for which purpose synchrotron radiation is an uniquely suited tool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510170083
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