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Cretaceous-tertiary high-latitude palaeoenvironments: James Ross Basin, Antarctica (2006)

Geological Society (London, U.K.) ; Francis, J. E. ; Pirrie, D. ; [et al.]

London : The Geological Society

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Description / Table of Contents: High-latitude settings are sensitive to climatically driven palaeoenvironmental change and the resultant biotic response. Climate change through the peak interval of Cretaceous warmth, Late Cretaceous cooling, onset and expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet, and subsequently the variability of Neogene glaciation, are all recorded within the sedimentary and volcanic successions exposed within the James Ross Basin, Antarctica. This site provides the longest onshore record of Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic rocks in Antarctica and is a key reference section for Cretaceous-Tertiary global change. The sedimentary succession is richly fossiliferous, yielding diverse invertebrate, vertebrate and plant fossil assemblages, allowing the reconstruction of both terrestrial and marine systems. The papers within this volume provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of palaeoenvironmental change spanning the mid-Cretaceous to the Neogene of the James Ross Basin and related biotic change, and will be of interest to many working on Cretaceous and Tertiary palaeoenvironmental change.

Pages: Online-Ressource (206 Seiten)

ISBN: 9781862391970

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/vol258/issue1/

Language: English

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Cretaceous-Tertiary high-latitude palaeoenvironments, James Ross Basin, Antarctica: introduction (2007)

Francis, J. E. ; Crame, J. A. ; Pirrie, D.

In: Geological Society Special Publication 258: 1-5.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: The James Ross Basin, at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, provides the thickest and best-exposed onshore Cretaceous and Early Tertiary sedimentary succession in Antarctica. When compared with other onshore sections, it is clear that the area has a much broader significance as a key reference section for the Cretaceous and Early Tertiary throughout the Southern Hemisphere. The sedimentary record exposed within the basin also provides an unrivalled opportunity to unlock the record of climate change and biotic response within a high-palaeolatitude setting. James Ross Island was first visited during the heroic age of polar exploration at the start of the 20th century. Swedish geologist Otto Nordenskjold sailed into the region in 1901 in his ship Antarctic, captained by explorer and sealer Carl Larsen. Plans to spend a year in the region for scientific exploration went disastrously wrong when his ship sank near Paulet Island, forcing Nordenskjold to spend over 2 years in a small hut on Snow Hill Island. Members of his ship-wrecked party survived in horrific conditions, with only penguins for food and small stone huts for shelter at Hope Bay, at the tip of Trinity Peninsula, and also on Paulet Island. Nordenskjold's enforced stay in the area was, however, not unprofitable. In 1902 he and his five companions made trips over the sea ice to Seymour Island, where they made the first important fossil discoveries, including the bones of giant penguins (now known to be from the Eocene La Meseta Formation). This was well before Scott's ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.

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Relative oxygenation of the Tithonian -- Valanginian Vaca Muerta--Chachao formations of the Mendoza Shelf, Neuquen Basin, Argentina (2007)

Doyle, P. ; Poire, D. G ; Spalletti, L. A. ; [et al.]

In: Geological Society Special Publication 252: 185-206.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: Organic-rich sediments were deposited in the deeper sectors of the Neuquen Basin during the latest Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. This paper presents the results of a detailed examination of these deposits in the northern-most extension of the basin, in the Mendoza Province, and explores their wider significance for palaeo-oxygenation studies. The Tithonian--Berriasian Vaca Muerta Formation, the primary source rock for the Neuquen Basin, comprises bituminous shales and interbedded limestones deposited during a major transgression. In the Valanginian, the beginning of a regressive phase enabled the development of shallow-marine carbonates to form the base of the Chachao Formation, which eventually led to extensive biohermal carbonates of the uppermost Chachao Formation. Along the length of the narrow N-S-trending Mendoza Shelf of the Neuquen Basin both units are well exposed, permitting detailed study of the stratigraphy, sedimentology, ichnology and palaeoecology. The analysis of the Tithonian--Valanginian succession in the Salado river valley shows that carbonate production increased up-section. Faunal associations are mostly limited to poorly diverse epibenthos and pseudoplankton in the lower part of the section (Vaca Muerta Formation), with increased diversity in the lower Chachao section, including shallow and deeper infaunal bivalves. A background level of laminated shales to Chondrites bioturbation is typical of anoxic--suboxic conditions. Micritic limestones and carbonate sandstones throughout the section commonly show the development of Thalassinoides suevicus. Relative oxygenation curves based on trace fossils and body fossils were developed and compared. There was a primary substrate control on trace fossil diversity and occurrence, with a primary oxygenation signal provided by body fossil evidence. Interpretation of the palaeo-oxygenation on the basis of trace fossil taxa alone, however, would lead to inaccurate results. This study, therefore, demonstrates the importance of integrated trace and body fossil analysis in the fuller understanding of black shales.

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Mid-Cretaceous stratigraphy of the James Ross Basin, Antarctica (2007)

Crame, J. A. ; Pirrie, D. ; Riding, J. B.

In: Geological Society Special Publication 258: 7-19.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: The extensive Cretaceous sedimentary sequence exposed within the James Ross Basin, Antarctica, is critical for regional stratigraphic correlations in the Southern Hemisphere, and also for our understanding of the radiation and extinction of a range of taxonomic groups. However, the nature and definition of Cenomanian-Turonian strata on the NW margins of James Ross Island has previously been difficult, due both to marked lateral facies changes and to stratigraphical discontinuities within the extensive Whisky Bay Formation. Facies variation and local unconformities were the result of fault-controlled deep-marine sedimentation along the basin margin. In this study the Albian-Cenomanian boundary is defined for the first time in the upper levels of the Lewis Hill Member of the Whisky Bay Formation. However, there is a Cenomanian-late Turonian unconformity between the Lewis HIll and Brandy Bay members of the Whisky Bay Formation. Equivalent lithostratigraphical units exposed further to the SW on James Ross Island appear to be more complete with the early Cenomanian-late Turonian interval represented by the upper parts of the Tumbledown Cliffs and the lower part of the Rum Cove members of the Whisky Bay Formation. The Turonian-Coniacian boundary is provisionally placed at the junction between the Whisky Bay and Hidden Lake formations. The revised stratigraphic ages for this section show that the Late Cretaceous radiations of a number of major plant and animal groups can be traced back to at least the Turonian stage. This raises the possibility that their dissemination might be linked to the global Cretaceous thermal maximum.

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The mineralogy of efflorescence on As calciner buildings in SW England (2009)

Power, M. R. ; Pirrie, D. ; Camm, G. S. ; [et al.]

Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

In: Mineralogical Magazine. 2009; 73(1): 27-42. Published 2009 Feb 01. doi: 10.1180/minmag.2009.073.1.27.

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Publication Date: 2009-02-01

Description: Arsenic is a very common by-product of the processing of Cu, Au and polymetallic ores worldwide, where the ore is roasted (calcined) to remove volatile elements. In southwest England, a diverse range of As-mineral species occur as efflorescent secondary mineral growths on historic calciner buildings. Gypsum occurs as abundant dendritic growths comprising either interlocking blades or tabular crystals. Ca-arsenate minerals are locally very abundant as white colloform masses. Positively identified Ca arsenates include pharmacolite, weilite and haidingerite. Other secondary minerals include arsenolite, scorodite, bukovskyite and an As-bearing potassium alum, together with a wide variety of unidentified minerals, including an Al-As-S phase and As-rich F-bearing phases. Gypsum contains As concentrations up to ~7 wt.%. Efflorescent growth at sites exposed to the prevailing weather systems is less abundant than at sheltered sites. This is interpreted as being due to ‘pressure washing’ of exposed sites by driving rain. Successive concentric growths of gypsum and Ca arsenate on masonry are interpreted as being the result of seasonal crystallization.Understanding both current and historicalmining and mineralprocessing methods is criticalin the evaluation of the potential impact on the modern environment. In particular, due to the abundance of As-bearing minerals in a wide range of ore types, many buildings worldwide are potentially significantly contaminated with As even though few are directly related to As production or handling. Characterizing the secondary As mineralspecies present at mine and mineralprocessing sites is critical in understanding the potentialheal th risk these sites might pose.

Print ISSN: 0026-461X

Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022

Topics: Geosciences