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TOXICITY TESTING OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY (2005)

Dewhurst, R. E. ; Callaghan, A. ; Connon, R. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Water and environment journal 19 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1747-6593

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Groundwater is an important resource in the UK, with 45% of public water supplies in the Thames Water region derived from subterranean sources. In urban areas, groundwater has been affected by anthropogenic activities over a long period of time and from a multitude of sources. At present, groundwater quality is assessed using a range of chemical species to determine the extent of contamination. However, analysing a complex mixture of chemicals is time-consuming and expensive, whereas the use of an ecotoxicity test provides information on (a) the degree of pollution present in the groundwater and (b) the potential effect of that pollution. MicrotoxTM, EcloxTM and Daphnia magna microtests were used in conjunction with standard chemical protocols to assess the contamination of groundwaters from sites throughout the London Borough of Hounslow and nearby Heathrow Airport. Because of their precision, range of responses and ease of use, Daphnia magna and MicrotoxTM tests are the bioassays that appear to be most effective for assessing groundwater toxicity. However, neither test is ideal because it is also essential to monitor water hardness. EcloxTM does not appear to be suitable for use in groundwater-quality assessment in this area, because it is adversely affected by high total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2005.tb00544.x

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Grace Anne Milne (Lady Prestwich): more than an amanuensis? (2007)

Mather, J. D. ; Campbell, I.

In: Geological Society Special Publication 281: 251-264.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-29

Description: Grace Anne Milne, born in 1832, was the eldest child of James Milne of Findhorn in Morayshire and his wife Louisa Falconer, sister of the eminent botanist and palaeontologist Hugh Falconer. A marriage to George McCall in 1854 was short-lived. Widowed within 18 months and also losing her infant son, bereavement was followed by some years of depression. At this stage in her life an interest in geology was kindled by her uncle, who had been forced to give up his post in India because of the state of his health. From 1858 she travelled abroad with Falconer and subsequently resided with him in London until his death in 1865. During this period Grace both organized his household and acted as his secretary and companion. His regular and frank letters to her, about his scientific ideas, demonstrate that the relationship was more than one of domestic convenience. In 1870 Grace married Joseph Prestwich, a friend of Falconer and a London wine merchant who spent all his spare time geologizing'. They lived at Shoreham near Sevenoaks in Kent and, between 1874 and 1887, lived for part of the year in Oxford after Prestwich's appointment as professor of geology at the university. With Prestwich's encouragement, from 1874, she began to publish novels, travel articles and scientific papers, as well as helping him in the preparation of his own lectures and diagrams. Her six Chapters on Geology were published in 1880 as well as other articles on subjects such as Scottish scenery and the Channel Tunnel. Most were published in magazines, such as Leisure Hour and Every Girl's Magazine, designed for a readership from the prosperous middle classes. Her interest in geology meant that she was able to play a full part in Prestwich's life, helping him with his work and travelling with him on his geological adventures. She was a geologist in her own right and held in high regard by the Fellows of the Geological Society.

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200 years of British hydrogeology -- an introduction and overview (2007)

Mather, J. D.

In: Geological Society Special Publication 225: 1-13.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: In the early years of the 19th century William Smith and his pupil John Farey began to apply stratigraphic principles to the sinking of water wells. Between 1840 and 1870 engineers, such as Robert Stephenson, and geologists, such as James Clutterbuck, Joseph Prestwich and David Ansted began to make systematic observations. After 1870 Geological Survey officers, particularly William Whitaker, Joseph Lucas and Charles de Rance, became involved in groundwater work. Lucas introduced the term hydrogeology and produced the first British hydrogeological maps. The first half of the 20th century was a period of missed opportunities with the significant advances in hydrogeology taking place in mainland Europe and North America. The Water Act of 1945 marked the start of a new era in which the Geological Survey and, after 1965, the Water Resources Board led the way. Hydrogeology is now a mainstream branch of geology in Britain and interest in the subject is such that the Hydrogeological Group of the Geological Society has a membership of around 1050.

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Joseph Lucas (1846-1926) -- Victorian polymath and a key figure in the development of British hydrogeology (2007)

Mather, J. D. ; Torrens, H. S. ; Lucas, K. J.

In: Geological Society Special Publication 225: 67-88.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: Joseph Lucas joined the Geological Survey in 1867 and spent almost 9 years mapping in Yorkshire. Forced to resign in ignominious circumstances, for the rest of his life he earned his living advising on groundwater supplies. In 1874 he was the first to use the term hydrogeology in its modern context and defined this new subject in a series of papers in the 1870s. He drew the first British maps showing groundwater contours and described how to carry out a hydrogeological survey. For many years he lobbied for such a survey to be carried out over the whole country and for it to be used as a basis for water resource planning. He was an accomplished linguist, translating material from a variety of European languages, and wrote books on natural history and genealogy. He and his family lived at Tooting, in south London, where he is buried in the Churchyard of Saint Nicholas.

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Stevenson Buchan (1907-1996): field geologist, hydrogeologist and administrator (2007)

Gray, D. A. ; Mather, J. D.

In: Geological Society Special Publication 225: 287-293.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: Stevenson Buchan, a Scot educated at Aberdeen University, joined the Geological Survey of Great Britain in 1931. Assigned to the Southern District Unit he became involved in hydrogeology when he revised the 6-inch to the mile maps of Greater London. This led to the publication of a memoir on the water supply of the County of London in 1938. During the war he was involved in the search for water and coal. Appointed Head of a new Water Department when hostilities ceased he was given responsibility for overseeing the statutory obligations placed on the Survey by recent Water Acts. He developed around him a group of able colleagues creating the first groundwater research group of any size in the UK. Promoted to Assistant Director in 1960, he was very active internationally and in his role as an enabler and administrator played an important role in the development of hydrogeology in the UK.

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