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  • 2005-2009  (4)
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  • 1
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    The thermohaline expressway: the Southern Ocean as a centre of origin for deep-sea octopuses (2008)
    Wiley
    In:  Cladistics, 24 (6). pp. 853-860.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-23
    Description: Understanding how environmental forcing has generated and maintained large-scale patterns of biodiversity is a key goal of evolutionary research and critical to predicting the impacts of global climate change. We suggest that the initiation of the global thermohaline circulation provided a mechanism for the radiation of Southern Ocean fauna into the deep sea. We test this hypothesis using a relaxed phylogenetic approach to coestimate phylogeny and divergence times for a lineage of octopuses with Antarctic and deep-sea representatives. We show that the deep-sea lineage had their evolutionary origins in Antarctica, and estimate that this lineage diverged around 33 million years ago (Ma) and subsequently radiated at 15 Ma. Both of these dates are critical in development of the thermohaline circulation and we suggest that this has acted as an evolutionary driver enabling the Southern Ocean to become a centre of origin for deep-sea fauna. This is the first unequivocal molecular evidence that deep-sea fauna from other ocean basins originated from Southern Ocean taxa and this is the first evidence to be dated.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a known and a new hydrothermal vent octopod: their relationships with the genus Benthoctopus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) (2009)
    Magnolia Press
    In:  Zootaxa, 2096 (1). pp. 442-459.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-23
    Description: The resolution of evolutionary relationships among deep-sea incirrate octopuses has been hindered by the paucity of individuals available for morphological studies and by the lack of tissue samples preserved using fixatives compatible with simple DNA extraction techniques. Evolutionary relationships from 11 species of deep-sea incirrate octopuses were investigated using 2392 base pairs (bp) of DNA from four mitochondrial genes (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit III, and cytochrome b) and the nuclear gene, rhodopsin. Morphological examination of these species was also undertaken. Molecular analyses distinguish a species of octopus from hydrothermal vents at Manus Basin from the vent octopodid Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis known from vents on the East Pacific Rise. Both are herein considered members of the clade currently assigned the name Benthoctopus, although taxonomic implications preclude formally naming Vulcanoctopus as a junior synonym. Morphological investigations led to the conclusion that Benthoctopus macrophallus is a junior synonym of Benthoctopus yaquinae. An amended diagnosis of Benthoctopus is provided with additional information on male reproductive characteristics.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    How useful are the recommended counts and indices in the systematics of the Octopodidae (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) (2008)
    The Linnean Society of London | Oxford Acedemic
    In:  Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 95 (1). pp. 205-218.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-23
    Description: A morphological dataset based on 14 standard counts and indices was constructed for 68 specimens comprising 12 species of octopuses. This was used to construct distance matrices based on morphological characters. These matrices were compared with genetic distance matrices compiled during molecular phylogenetic analyses of the same 12 species using four mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. Mantel tests showed that there was significant congruence between the phenetic and genetic matrices, suggesting that the genetic signal is reflected in the morphological data set. Matrices of geographical distance were constructed for the 12 species based on the latitude, longitude, and depth of capture of 1726 individuals. These matrices never showed significant congruence with genetic data or with morphological data. Multivariate analysis of the morphological dataset suggests that these counts and indices, traditionally used for discriminating between species in cephalopods, do not show great discrimination at species level, but provide excellent discrimination at the generic level, and, as such, might be useful for resolving the generic placement of some problematic taxa.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Microsatellite loci from the endemic Southern Ocean octopus Adelieledone polymorpha (Robson, 1930) (2009)
    Wiley
    In:  Molecular Ecology Resources, 9 (3). pp. 1068-1070.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-23
    Description: To determine the pattern of spatial genetic structure in the endemic Southern Ocean octopus Adelieledone polymorpha, microsatellite loci were isolated from partial genomic libraries enriched for repetitive DNA motifs. Seven dinucleotide and two trinucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated successfully and levels of polymorphism were quantified in 34 individuals sampled from the Southern Ocean near South Georgia. No pairs of microsatellite loci were linked significantly; however, one locus deviated (P 〈 0.05) from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Overall, the nine loci produced between five and 16 alleles, with observed and expected heterozygosities varying between 0.22 and 0.86 and between 0.21 and 0.94 respectively. This is the first description of microsatellite loci from an octopus endemic to the Southern Ocean, and these genetic markers are being used to quantify spatial structure within A. polymorpha.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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