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    Soil invertebrates disrupt carbon flow through fungal networks (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-16
    Description: Annual carbon flux through soil respiration is ten times greater than fossil fuel combustion, but its component parts are poorly understood because they are the product of complex multitrophic interactions between soil organisms. A major component of carbon flux from plants to soil occurs through networks of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here, using 13CO2 pulse labeling, we show that natural densities of the numerically dominant fungal feeding invertebrate Protaphorura armata (order Collembola) reduces 13C enrichment of mycorrhizosphere respiration by 32%. Our findings emphasize the importance of multitrophic interactions in regulating respiration of recent plant photosynthate from soil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, David -- Krsek, Martin -- Wellington, Elizabeth M H -- Stott, Andrew W -- Cole, Lisa -- Bardgett, Richard D -- Read, David J -- Leake, Jonathan R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1047.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK. D.Johnson@abdn.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/*physiology ; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Chain ; Mycorrhizae/metabolism/*physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phospholipids/analysis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Scotland ; *Soil/analysis ; *Soil Microbiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Combining models to examine the financial impact of infertility caused by bovine viral diarrhoea in Scottish beef suckler herds (2008)
    Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-21
    Description: SUMMARYIn beef suckler herds, reproductive failure is a major cause of financial loss during a bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) outbreak due to reduction in the numbers of calves, increased calving spread and the financial implications of dealing with infertile cows. These losses may be hidden and/or not fully attributed to BVD. A model of herd dynamics was built and combined with an epidemiological model to encapsulate the disruptions to reproduction that BVD may cause in beef suckler herds and to estimate the associated financial consequences of such disruptions.Results from the model suggest that the average losses associated with BVD in Scottish beef suckler herds via impaired reproduction alone may vary between £43 and £22/cow/year during the course of a BVD epidemic. These results indicate that an outbreak can be costly and these losses may be hidden by the use of low risk management practices such as a long breeding season, not only in herds with no evidence of antibodies but also in herds where there are some antibody positive (immune) animals.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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