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  • 1
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    Nuclear power as an energy source (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, Richard C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 22;298(5598):1553-4; author reply 1553-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12452159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; *Nuclear Energy ; *Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Carbon-negative biofuels from low-input high-diversity grassland biomass (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: Biofuels derived from low-input high-diversity (LIHD) mixtures of native grassland perennials can provide more usable energy, greater greenhouse gas reductions, and less agrichemical pollution per hectare than can corn grain ethanol or soybean biodiesel. High-diversity grasslands had increasingly higher bioenergy yields that were 238% greater than monoculture yields after a decade. LIHD biofuels are carbon negative because net ecosystem carbon dioxide sequestration (4.4 megagram hectare(-1) year(-1) of carbon dioxide in soil and roots) exceeds fossil carbon dioxide release during biofuel production (0.32 megagram hectare(-1) year(-1)). Moreover, LIHD biofuels can be produced on agriculturally degraded lands and thus need to neither displace food production nor cause loss of biodiversity via habitat destruction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tilman, David -- Hill, Jason -- Lehman, Clarence -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1598-600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. tilman@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Atmosphere ; *Biodiversity ; *Biomass ; *Carbon/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Fabaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Greenhouse Effect ; Plant Development ; Plant Roots/chemistry ; *Plants/metabolism ; *Poaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Soil/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-09
    Description: Increasing energy use, climate change, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels make switching to low-carbon fuels a high priority. Biofuels are a potential low-carbon energy source, but whether biofuels offer carbon savings depends on how they are produced. Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produce food crop-based biofuels in Brazil, Southeast Asia, and the United States creates a "biofuel carbon debt" by releasing 17 to 420 times more CO2 than the annual greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions that these biofuels would provide by displacing fossil fuels. In contrast, biofuels made from waste biomass or from biomass grown on degraded and abandoned agricultural lands planted with perennials incur little or no carbon debt and can offer immediate and sustained GHG advantages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fargione, Joseph -- Hill, Jason -- Tilman, David -- Polasky, Stephen -- Hawthorne, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1235-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1152747. Epub 2008 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Nature Conservancy, 1101 West River Parkway, Suite 200, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomass ; Brazil ; Carbon ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Crops, Agricultural ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Greenhouse Effect ; Indonesia ; Malaysia ; Plant Development ; *Plants/metabolism ; *Soil ; Time Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Energy. Driving on biomass (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohlrogge, John -- Allen, Doug -- Berguson, Bill -- Dellapenna, Dean -- Shachar-Hill, Yair -- Stymne, Sten -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1019-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1171740.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. ohlrogge@msu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19460990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomass ; *Electricity ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Ethanol ; Gasoline ; *Lignin ; *Motor Vehicles ; Petroleum ; Research
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Energy. Beneficial biofuels--the food, energy, and environment trilemma (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tilman, David -- Socolow, Robert -- Foley, Jonathan A -- Hill, Jason -- Larson, Eric -- Lynd, Lee -- Pacala, Stephen -- Reilly, John -- Searchinger, Tim -- Somerville, Chris -- Williams, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):270-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1177970.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. tilman@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Crops, Agricultural ; Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; *Environment ; *Food ; *Industrial Waste ; Plants ; Politics ; Public Policy ; Trees ; Waste Products ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    A Software Safety Risk Taxonomy for Use in Retrospective Safety Cases (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-2007-045 , 31st Annual Software Engineering Workshop; Mar 06, 2007 - Mar 08, 2007; Baltimore, MD; United States|3rd IEEE Systems and Software Week (SASW2007); Mar 06, 2007 - Mar 08, 2007; Baltimore, MD; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Traceability of Software Safety Requirements in Legacy Safety Critical Systems (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: How can traceability of software safety requirements be created for legacy safety critical systems? Requirements in safety standards are imposed most times during contract negotiations. On the other hand, there are instances where safety standards are levied on legacy safety critical systems, some of which may be considered for reuse for new applications. Safety standards often specify that software development documentation include process-oriented and technical safety requirements, and also require that system and software safety analyses are performed supporting technical safety requirements implementation. So what can be done if the requisite documents for establishing and maintaining safety requirements traceability are not available?
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-2007-052 , Traceability of Software Safety Requirements in Legacy Safety Critical Systems (TEFSE/GCT''07; Mar 22, 2007 - Mar 23, 2007; Lexington, KY; United States
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Software Safety Risk in Legacy Safety-Critical Computer Systems (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Safety Standards contain technical and process-oriented safety requirements. Technical requirements are those such as "must work" and "must not work" functions in the system. Process-Oriented requirements are software engineering and safety management process requirements. Address the system perspective and some cover just software in the system 〉 NASA-STD-8719.13B Software Safety Standard is the current standard of interest. NASA programs/projects will have their own set of safety requirements derived from the standard. Safety Cases: a) Documented demonstration that a system complies with the specified safety requirements. b) Evidence is gathered on the integrity of the system and put forward as an argued case. [Gardener (ed.)] c) Problems occur when trying to meet safety standards, and thus make retrospective safety cases, in legacy safety-critical computer systems.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-2007-051 , IEEE Southeast Conference 2007, IEEE Region 3 Technical Professional and Student Conference; Mar 24, 2007 - Mar 25, 2007; Richmond, VA; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Noncoherent Tracking of a Source of a Data-Modulated Signal (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A proposed tracking receiver system containing three suitably positioned antenna elements and special signal-processing equipment would determine the direction of incidence of a microwave signal containing spread-spectrum digital data modulation. If the system were to contain two sets of antenna elements separated by a known baseline, it could determine the location of the transmitter as the intersection of the lines of incidence on the two antennas. Such systems could be used for diverse purposes in outer space and on Earth, including tracking astronauts and small robotic spacecraft working outside a spacecraft or space station, and locating cellular telephones from which distress calls have been made. The principle of operation does not require the transmission of a special identifying or distress signal by the cellular telephone or other transmitter to be tracked; instead, the system could utilize the data signal routinely sent by the transmitter, provided that the signal had the characteristics needed for processing.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: MSC-23193 , NASA Tech Briefs, November 2003; 5-6
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    A Software Safety Risk Taxonomy for Use in Retrospective Safety Cases (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Safety standards contain technical and process-oriented safely requirements. The best time to include these requirements is early in the development lifecycle of the system. When software safety requirements are levied on a legacy system after the fact, a retrospective safety case will need to be constructed for the software in the system. This can be a difficult task because there may be few to no art facts available to show compliance to the software safely requirements. The risks associated with not meeting safely requirements in a legacy safely-critical computer system must be addressed to give confidence for reuse. This paper introduces a proposal for a software safely risk taxonomy for legacy safely-critical computer systems, by specializing the Software Engineering Institute's 'Software Development Risk Taxonomy' with safely elements and attributes.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: KSC-2007-111 , 3rd IEEE Systems and Software Week SAS/W 2007; Mar 06, 2007 - Mar 08, 2007; Baltimore, MD; United States|31st Annual Software Engineering Workshop; Mar 06, 2007 - Mar 08, 2007; Baltimore, MD; United States
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