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  • Wiley  (5)
  • 2005-2009  (5)
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  • 1
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    A comparison of cumulus parameterization schemes in a numerical weather prediction model for a monsoon rainfall event (2006)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-01
    Description: In order to evaluate cumulus parameterization (CP) schemes for hydrological applications, the Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research's fifth-generation mesoscale model (MM5) was used to simulate a summer monsoon in east China. The performances of five CP schemes (Anthes-Kuo, Betts-Miller, Fritsch-Chappell, Kain-Fritsch, and Grell) were evaluated in terms of their ability to simulate amount of rainfall during the heavy, moderate, and light phases of the event. The Grell scheme was found to be the most robust, performing well at all rainfall intensity and spatial scales. The Betts-Miller scheme also performed well, particularly at larger scales, but its assumptions may make it inapplicable to non-tropical environments and at smaller scales. The Kain-Fritsch scheme was the best at simulating moderate rainfall rates, and was found to be superior to the Fritsch-Chappell scheme on which it was based. The Anthes-Kuo scheme was found to underpredict precipitation consistently at the mesoscale. Simulation performance was found to improve when schemes that included downdrafts were used in conjunction with schemes that did not include downdrafts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Precipitation variability and its relationship to hydrologic variability in Alberta (2009)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-15
    Description: By applying wavelet-based empirical orthogonal function (WEOF) analysis to gridded precipitation (P) and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to gridded air temperature (T), potential evapotranspiration (PET), net precipitation (PPET) and runoff (Q), this paper examines the spatial, temporal and frequency patterns of Alberta's climate variability. It was found that only WEOF-based precipitation patterns, possibly modulated by El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO), delineated Alberta into four major regions which geographically represent northern Alberta Boreal forests, southern Alberta grasslands and Aspen Parklands and the Rocky Mountains and Foothills. The leading mode of wavelet-based precipitation variability WPC1 showed that between 1900 and 2000, a wet climate dominated northern Alberta with significant 4-8, 11 and 25-year periodic cycles, while the second mode WPC2 showed that between 1960 and 2000, southern Alberta grasslands were characterized by decreasing precipitation, dominated by 11-year cycles, and the last two modes WPC3 and WPC4 were characterized by 4-7 and 25-year cycles and both delineated regions where moisture from the Pacific Ocean penetrated the Rocky Mountains, accounted for much of the sub-alpine climate. These results show that WEOF is superior to EOF in delineating Alberta precipitation variability to sub-regions that more closely agree with its eco-climate regions. Further, it was found that while WPC2 could not explain runoff variations in southern Alberta, WPC1, WPC3 and WPC4 accounted for runoff variability in their respective sub-regions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 3
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    Low-frequency variability in Southwestern Canadian stream flow: links with large-scale climate anomalies (2006)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 4
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    Semi-distributed modelling of basin hydrology with radar and gauged precipitation (2006)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-01
    Description: Even though gauged rainfall data generally provide accurate depth measurements, sparsely spaced, gauging stations cannot effectively account for the spatial variability of precipitation at basin scale. On the other hand, radar data such as the WSR-88D stage III radar rainfall data can generally capture the spatial variability of rainfall fields, but tends to underestimate rainfall depth of stratiform storms, or both convective and stratiform storms if a storm is of low intensity. To take advantage of both the strength of radar data (mapping accurate spatial variability of rainfall) and that of gauge data (accurate depth measurements), the two data sets were merged together by the Statistical Objective Analysis (SOA) scheme. The event-based hydrologic experiments using a semi-distributed, physics-based hydrologic model (distributed physically based hydrologic model using remote sensing, DPHM-RS) revealed that WSR-88D Stage III radar rainfall data simulated more accurate runoff hydrographs than gauged data for convective storms but less accurate runoff hydrograph for stratiform storms, because radars measured slightly more rainfall than gauges for convective storms, but substantially less rainfall for stratiform storms. However, after merging WSR-88D stage III radar data with gauge data by SOA, the radar's underestimation of stratiform storm depth decreased substantially, but the adjustment could be counter productive for convective storms. Results show that rainfall spatial variability, depths and hydrologic model resolution play a major role on the accuracy of simulated runoff volumes and peak flows. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
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  • 5
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    Scaling properties of Canadian flood flows (2009)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-15
    Description: This study investigated the spatial scaling properties of Canadian flood flows, namely, annual maximum mean 1-, 5- and 7-day flows using both the product moments (PMs) and probability weighted moments (PWMs). Both approaches demonstrate that flood flows in climatic regions 1 (Pacific), 2 (South British Columbia mountains), 3 (Yukon and northern British Columbia), 6 (Northeastern forest), 7 (Great Lakes and St. Lawrence rivers), 8 (Atlantic), and 10 (Arctic tundra) exhibit simple scaling with scaling exponent θ/H close to 0.90, while flood flows in regions 4 (Prairie provinces), 5 (Northwestern forest), and 9 (Mackenzie) does not with scaling exponent θ/H close to 0.50. The plots of coefficient of variations of flood flows versus drainage area indicate that Cv remains almost constant in regions 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 10, while it decreases as drainage area increases in regions 4, 5, and 9. These results demonstrate that the index flood method is applicable in climatic regions 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 10, while it is not in climatic regions 4, 5, and 9. The physical backgroud of the simple scaling of flood flows in most Canadian climatic regions is that snowmelt or rain-on-snow runoff is a dominant flood-generating mechanism across the country. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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