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  • United States  (152)
  • Amino Acid Sequence  (135)
  • Chemistry
  • Transfection
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (324)
  • 2005-2009  (324)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbadessa, Giovanni -- Accolla, Roberto -- Aiuti, Fernando -- Albini, Adriana -- Aldovini, Anna -- Alfano, Massimo -- Antonelli, Guido -- Bartholomew, Courtenay -- Bentwich, Zvi -- Bertazzoni, Umberto -- Berzofsky, Jay A -- Biberfeld, Peter -- Boeri, Enzo -- Buonaguro, Luigi -- Buonaguro, Franco M -- Bukrinsky, Michael -- Burny, Arsene -- Caruso, Arnaldo -- Cassol, Sharon -- Chandra, Prakash -- Ceccherini-Nelli, Luca -- Chieco-Bianchi, Luigi -- Clerici, Mario -- Colombini-Hatch, Sandra -- de Giuli Morghen, Carlo -- de Maria, Andrea -- de Rossi, Anita -- Dierich, Manfred -- Della-Favera, Riccardo -- Dolei, Antonina -- Douek, Daniel -- Erfle, Volker -- Felber, Barbara -- Fiorentini, Simona -- Franchini, Genoveffa -- Gershoni, Jonathan M -- Gotch, Frances -- Green, Patrick -- Greene, Warner C -- Hall, William -- Haseltine, William -- Jacobson, Stephens -- Kallings, Lars O -- Kalyanaraman, Vaniambadi S -- Katinger, Hermann -- Khalili, Kamel -- Klein, George -- Klein, Eva -- Klotman, Mary -- Klotman, Paul -- Kotler, Moshe -- Kurth, Reinhard -- Lafeuillade, Alain -- La Placa, Michelangelo -- Lewis, Jonathan -- Lillo, Flavia -- Lisziewicz, Julianna -- Lomonico, Anita -- Lopalco, Lucia -- Lori, Franco -- Lusso, Paolo -- Macchi, Beatrice -- Malim, Michael -- Margolis, Leonid -- Markham, Phillip D -- McClure, Myra -- Miller, Nancy -- Mingari, Maria C -- Moretta, Lorenzo -- Noonan, Douglas -- O'Brien, Steve -- Okamoto, Takashi -- Pal, Ranajit -- Palese, Peter -- Panet, Amos -- Pantaleo, Giuseppe -- Pavlakis, George -- Pistello, Mauro -- Plotkin, Stanley -- Poli, Guido -- Pomerantz, Roger -- Radaelli, Antonia -- Robertguroff, Marjorie -- Roederer, Mario -- Sarngadharan, Mangalasseril G -- Schols, Dominique -- Secchiero, Paola -- Shearer, Gene -- Siccardi, Antonio -- Stevenson, Mario -- Svoboda, Jan -- Tartaglia, Jim -- Torelli, Giuseppe -- Tornesello, Maria Lina -- Tschachler, Erwin -- Vaccarezza, Mauro -- Vallbracht, Angelika -- van Lunzen, Jan -- Varnier, Oliviero -- Vicenzi, Elisa -- von Melchner, Harald -- Witz, Isaac -- Zagury, Daniel -- Zagury, Jean-Francois -- Zauli, Giorgio -- Zipeto, Donato -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):206-7. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5911.206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*history/virology ; *HIV-1/growth & development/isolation & purification ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Nobel Prize ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-10-21
    Description: Human memory is a polygenic trait. We performed a genome-wide screen to identify memory-related gene variants. A genomic locus encoding the brain protein KIBRA was significantly associated with memory performance in three independent, cognitively normal cohorts from Switzerland and the United States. Gene expression studies showed that KIBRA was expressed in memory-related brain structures. Functional magnetic resonance imaging detected KIBRA allele-dependent differences in hippocampal activations during memory retrieval. Evidence from these experiments suggests a role for KIBRA in human memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papassotiropoulos, Andreas -- Stephan, Dietrich A -- Huentelman, Matthew J -- Hoerndli, Frederic J -- Craig, David W -- Pearson, John V -- Huynh, Kim-Dung -- Brunner, Fabienne -- Corneveaux, Jason -- Osborne, David -- Wollmer, M Axel -- Aerni, Amanda -- Coluccia, Daniel -- Hanggi, Jurgen -- Mondadori, Christian R A -- Buchmann, Andreas -- Reiman, Eric M -- Caselli, Richard J -- Henke, Katharina -- de Quervain, Dominique J-F -- P30AG19610/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01MH057899/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL086528-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U24NS051872/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):475-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland. papas@bli.unizh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Animals ; Attention ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Chemistry ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Hippocampus/chemistry/*physiology ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; *Memory ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Phosphoproteins ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins/analysis/*genetics/*physiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Switzerland ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor regulates cellular stress responses and the immune response to infection. NF-kappaB activation results in oscillations in nuclear NF-kappaB abundance. To define the function of these oscillations, we treated cells with repeated short pulses of tumor necrosis factor-alpha at various intervals to mimic pulsatile inflammatory signals. At all pulse intervals that were analyzed, we observed synchronous cycles of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. Lower frequency stimulations gave repeated full-amplitude translocations, whereas higher frequency pulses gave reduced translocation, indicating a failure to reset. Deterministic and stochastic mathematical models predicted how negative feedback loops regulate both the resetting of the system and cellular heterogeneity. Altering the stimulation intervals gave different patterns of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression, which supports the idea that oscillation frequency has a functional role.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785900/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785900/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ashall, Louise -- Horton, Caroline A -- Nelson, David E -- Paszek, Pawel -- Harper, Claire V -- Sillitoe, Kate -- Ryan, Sheila -- Spiller, David G -- Unitt, John F -- Broomhead, David S -- Kell, Douglas B -- Rand, David A -- See, Violaine -- White, Michael R H -- BB/C007158/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C008219/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C520471/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/D010748/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E004210/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E012965/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F005938/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC0071581/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC0082191/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBC5204711/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBD0107481/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBF0059381/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500346/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500346(73596)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):242-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1164860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Cell Imaging, School of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Stochastic Processes ; Transcription Factor RelA/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krane, D E -- Bahn, V -- Balding, D -- Barlow, B -- Cash, H -- Desportes, B L -- D'Eustachio, P -- Devlin, K -- Doom, T E -- Dror, I -- Ford, S -- Funk, C -- Gilder, J -- Hampikian, G -- Inman, K -- Jamieson, A -- Kent, P E -- Koppl, R -- Kornfield, I -- Krimsky, S -- Mnookin, J -- Mueller, L -- Murphy, E -- Paoletti, D R -- Petrov, D A -- Raymer, M -- Risinger, D M -- Roth, A -- Rudin, N -- Shields, W -- Siegel, J A -- Slatkin, M -- Song, Y S -- Speed, T -- Spiegelman, C -- Sullivan, P -- Swienton, A R -- Tarpey, T -- Thompson, W C -- Ungvarsky, E -- Zabell, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1631-2. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1631.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; *Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Humans ; Privacy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-06-27
    Description: Escherichia coli diacylglycerol kinase (DAGK) represents a family of integral membrane enzymes that is unrelated to all other phosphotransferases. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of the DAGK homotrimer with the use of solution nuclear magnetic resonance. The third transmembrane helix from each subunit is domain-swapped with the first and second transmembrane segments from an adjacent subunit. Each of DAGK's three active sites resembles a portico. The cornice of the portico appears to be the determinant of DAGK's lipid substrate specificity and overhangs the site of phosphoryl transfer near the water-membrane interface. Mutations to cysteine that caused severe misfolding were located in or near the active site, indicating a high degree of overlap between sites responsible for folding and for catalysis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2764269/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2764269/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Horn, Wade D -- Kim, Hak-Jun -- Ellis, Charles D -- Hadziselimovic, Arina -- Sulistijo, Endah S -- Karra, Murthy D -- Tian, Changlin -- Sonnichsen, Frank D -- Sanders, Charles R -- R01 GM047485/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM047485-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM47485/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 NS007491/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 NS007491-09/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1726-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1171716.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Biocatalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Diacylglycerol Kinase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: The genome of the eukaryotic protist Giardia lamblia, an important human intestinal parasite, is compact in structure and content, contains few introns or mitochondrial relics, and has simplified machinery for DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, and most metabolic pathways. Protein kinases comprise the single largest protein class and reflect Giardia's requirement for a complex signal transduction network for coordinating differentiation. Lateral gene transfer from bacterial and archaeal donors has shaped Giardia's genome, and previously unknown gene families, for example, cysteine-rich structural proteins, have been discovered. Unexpectedly, the genome shows little evidence of heterozygosity, supporting recent speculations that this organism is sexual. This genome sequence will not only be valuable for investigating the evolution of eukaryotes, but will also be applied to the search for new therapeutics for this parasite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, Hilary G -- McArthur, Andrew G -- Gillin, Frances D -- Aley, Stephen B -- Adam, Rodney D -- Olsen, Gary J -- Best, Aaron A -- Cande, W Zacheus -- Chen, Feng -- Cipriano, Michael J -- Davids, Barbara J -- Dawson, Scott C -- Elmendorf, Heidi G -- Hehl, Adrian B -- Holder, Michael E -- Huse, Susan M -- Kim, Ulandt U -- Lasek-Nesselquist, Erica -- Manning, Gerard -- Nigam, Anuranjini -- Nixon, Julie E J -- Palm, Daniel -- Passamaneck, Nora E -- Prabhu, Anjali -- Reich, Claudia I -- Reiner, David S -- Samuelson, John -- Svard, Staffan G -- Sogin, Mitchell L -- AI42488/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI43273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI51687/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048082/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1921-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015, USA. morrison@mbl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA Replication/genetics ; *Eukaryotic Cells ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Genomics ; Giardia lamblia/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, James C -- Aramayo, Rodolfo -- Bolser, Dan -- Conway, Tyrrell -- Elsik, Christine G -- Gribskov, Michael -- Kelder, Thomas -- Kihara, Daisuke -- Knight, Thomas F Jr -- Pico, Alexander R -- Siegele, Deborah A -- Wanner, Barry L -- Welch, Roy D -- R01 GM058770/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U24 GM077905/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1289-90. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5881.1289b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Computational Biology ; *Databases, Nucleic Acid ; National Library of Medicine (U.S.) ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: The site on HIV-1 gp120 that binds to the CD4 receptor is vulnerable to antibodies. However, most antibodies that interact with this site cannot neutralize HIV-1. To understand the basis of this resistance, we determined co-crystal structures for two poorly neutralizing, CD4-binding site (CD4BS) antibodies, F105 and b13, in complexes with gp120. Both antibodies exhibited approach angles to gp120 similar to those of CD4 and a rare, broadly neutralizing CD4BS antibody, b12. Slight differences in recognition, however, resulted in substantial differences in F105- and b13-bound conformations relative to b12-bound gp120. Modeling and binding experiments revealed these conformations to be poorly compatible with the viral spike. This incompatibility, the consequence of slight differences in CD4BS recognition, renders HIV-1 resistant to all but the most accurately targeted antibodies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862588/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862588/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Lei -- Kwon, Young Do -- Zhou, Tongqing -- Wu, Xueling -- O'Dell, Sijy -- Cavacini, Lisa -- Hessell, Ann J -- Pancera, Marie -- Tang, Min -- Xu, Ling -- Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Zhang, Mei-Yun -- Arthos, James -- Burton, Dennis R -- Dimitrov, Dimiter S -- Nabel, Gary J -- Posner, Marshall R -- Sodroski, Joseph -- Wyatt, Richard -- Mascola, John R -- Kwong, Peter D -- Z99 AI999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1123-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1175868.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD4/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Epitopes ; HIV Antibodies/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Hiv-1 ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; *Immune Evasion ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Conformation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: A U.S. farm policy shift to joint production of commodities and ecological services will advance sustainable agriculture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jordan, N -- Boody, G -- Broussard, W -- Glover, J D -- Keeney, D -- McCown, B H -- McIsaac, G -- Muller, M -- Murray, H -- Neal, J -- Pansing, C -- Turner, R E -- Warner, K -- Wyse, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1570-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agronomy and Plant Genetics Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55018, USA. jorda020@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Crops, Agricultural ; Ecosystem ; Energy-Generating Resources ; *Environment ; Public Policy ; Research ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Theory suggests it should be difficult for asexual organisms to adapt to a changing environment because genetic diversity can only arise from mutations accumulating within direct antecedents and not through sexual exchange. In an asexual microinvertebrate, the bdelloid rotifer, we have observed a mechanism by which such organisms could acquire the diversity needed for adaptation. Gene copies most likely representing former alleles have diverged in function so that the proteins they encode play complementary roles in survival of dry conditions. One protein prevents desiccation-sensitive enzymes from aggregating during drying, whereas its counterpart does not have this activity, but is able to associate with phospholipid bilayers and is potentially involved in maintenance of membrane integrity. The functional divergence of former alleles observed here suggests that adoption of asexual reproduction could itself be an evolutionary mechanism for the generation of diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pouchkina-Stantcheva, Natalia N -- McGee, Brian M -- Boschetti, Chiara -- Tolleter, Dimitri -- Chakrabortee, Sohini -- Popova, Antoaneta V -- Meersman, Filip -- Macherel, David -- Hincha, Dirk K -- Tunnacliffe, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):268-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes/genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; Dehydration ; Gene Dosage ; *Genes, Helminth ; *Genetic Variation ; Helminth Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Lipid Bilayers ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Reproduction, Asexual ; Rotifera/*genetics/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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