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  • 1
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    New Species of Fire Discovered: Fingering Flamelets Form a Dynamic Population (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-02
    Description: Poets and artists have long used fire as a metaphor for life. At the NASA Glenn Research Center, recent experiments in a subcritical Rayleigh number flow channel demonstrated that this analogy holds up surprisingly well when tools developed to characterize a biological population are applied to a class of fire that occurs in near-extinction, weakly convective environments (such as microgravity) or in vertically confined spaces (such as our apparatus). Under these conditions, the flame breaks into numerous 'flamelets" that form a Turing-type reaction-diffusion fingering pattern as they spread across the fuel. It is standard practice on U.S. spacecraft for the astronaut crew to turn off the ventilation to help extinguish a fire, both to eliminate the fresh oxygen supply and to reduce the distribution of the smoke. When crew members think that the fire is fully extinguished, they reactivate the ventilation system to clear the smoke. However, some flamelets can survive, and our experiments have demonstrated that flamelets quickly grow into a large fire when ventilation increases.
    Keywords: Propellants and Fuels
    Type: Research and Technology 2004; NASA/TM-2005-213419
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Energy Storage: Batteries and Fuel Cells for Exploration (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA's Vision for Exploration requires safe, human-rated, energy storage technologies with high energy density, high specific energy and the ability to perform in a variety of unique environments. The Exploration Technology Development Program is currently supporting the development of battery and fuel cell systems that address these critical technology areas. Specific technology efforts that advance these systems and optimize their operation in various space environments are addressed in this overview of the Energy Storage Technology Development Project. These technologies will support a new generation of more affordable, more reliable, and more effective space systems.
    Keywords: Propellants and Fuels
    Type: NASA/TM-2007-214837 , AIAA Paper-2007-0541 , E-16051 , 45th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit; Jan 08, 2007 - Jan 11, 2007; Reno, NV; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Preliminary Appraisal of Ferrocene as an Igniting Agent for JP-4 Fuel and Fuming Nitric Acid (1953)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A preliminary experimental study was made of the properties of ferrocene as a solute and as a suspension in JP-4 fuel, and of the ignition delays of ferrocene - JP-4 mixture with A.F. specification 14104 white fuming nitric acid (WFNA). The investigation covered concentrations of 4 to 10 percent by weight ferrocene, and a temperature range of -40 to 80 F. The solubility of ferrocene in JP-4 is about 5 percent at room temperature and about 1 percent (extrapolated) at -80 F. The solubility is increased somewhat by increased aromatics content. Undissolved ferrocene particles of 100 mesh and smaller settle rapidly in JP-4. Clear solutions of 4 and 5 percent ferrocene in JP-4 fuels containing 10 and 25 percent by volume aromatics, respectively, do not ignite with WFNA at room temperature. Mixtures containing 10 percent ferrocene (100- mesh and smaller undissolved particles in suspension) ignited with vigorous persistent flames at room temperature, but did not ignite at -38 F. The ignition delays at room temperature, however, were widely varied; the range from 85 milliseconds to over 1 second perhaps reflected differences in degree of sedimentation.
    Keywords: Propellants and Fuels
    Type: NACA-RM-E53H21
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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