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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental aspects of the innervation of skeletal muscle fibers in the chick embryo (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 233-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Motor innervation ; Fiber type ; Myogenesis ; Electronmicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The M. complexus in the chick, commonly called the hatching muscle, undergoes conspicuous growth during the latter stages of embryonic development. Myogenesis of this muscle was compared to that of M. biceps femoris with regard to development of types of muscle fiber and their innervation. In both muscles β fibers are of relatively uniform size and show little growth in diameter between 12 days of development and hatching; α fibers develop continuously and display a wide range of diameters at all stages. Initial thickenings on the sarcolemma of β fibers where axons are closely approximate were first observed at 10 days of development in both muscles. In both muscles β fibers are innervated prior to α fibers. Terminal axon networks bridge intercellular spaces and contact β fibers in different myogenic clusters, α fibers that develop on the surface membrane of β fibers exhibit focal thickenings of the membrane and some cell projections that are directed toward axon-β fiber contacts. These changes occurred only in α fibers of M. complexus. At 14 days of embryogenesis, the processes of synaptogenesis and of myelin formation are less advanced in M. biceps femoris than in M. complexus. At this stage a fibers were observed to be innervated in M. complexus, but not yet in M. biceps femoris. Each β fiber was observed to be encircled by several preterminal axons. It is concluded that the earlier development of M. complexus is correlated with an equally early development of nerve-muscle interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219408
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    IGFBP-4 is an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signalling required for cardiogenesis (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-06
    Description: Insulin-like growth-factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) bind to and modulate the actions of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). Although some of the actions of IGFBPs have been reported to be independent of IGFs, the precise mechanisms of IGF-independent actions of IGFBPs are largely unknown. Here we report a previously unknown function for IGFBP-4 as a cardiogenic growth factor. IGFBP-4 enhanced cardiomyocyte differentiation in vitro, and knockdown of Igfbp4 attenuated cardiomyogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The cardiogenic effect of IGFBP-4 was independent of its IGF-binding activity but was mediated by the inhibitory effect on canonical Wnt signalling. IGFBP-4 physically interacted with a Wnt receptor, Frizzled 8 (Frz8), and a Wnt co-receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), and inhibited the binding of Wnt3A to Frz8 and LRP6. Although IGF-independent, the cardiogenic effect of IGFBP-4 was attenuated by IGFs through IGFBP-4 sequestration. IGFBP-4 is therefore an inhibitor of the canonical Wnt signalling required for cardiogenesis and provides a molecular link between IGF signalling and Wnt signalling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Weidong -- Shiojima, Ichiro -- Ito, Yuzuru -- Li, Zhi -- Ikeda, Hiroyuki -- Yoshida, Masashi -- Naito, Atsuhiko T -- Nishi, Jun-ichiro -- Ueno, Hiroo -- Umezawa, Akihiro -- Minamino, Tohru -- Nagai, Toshio -- Kikuchi, Akira -- Asashima, Makoto -- Komuro, Issei -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 17;454(7202):345-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07027. Epub 2008 Jun 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology ; Heart/*embryology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4/*metabolism ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/metabolism ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 ; Mice ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*cytology/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Somatomedins/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Wnt3 Protein ; Wnt3A Protein ; Xenopus Proteins ; Xenopus laevis ; beta Catenin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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