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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (25)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (13)
  • Aerodynamics
  • Biology
  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 1980-1984  (39)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: The ratio and flat field photoclinometric methods for determining crater form topography are described. Both methods compensate for the effects of atmospheric scattering by subtracting a haze value from all brightness values. Algorithms were altered to derive relative topographic data for irregular features such as ejecta blankets, lava flows, graben and ridge scarps, dune forms, and stratified materials. After the elevations along the profiles are obtained by integration of the photometric function, a matrix transformation is applied to the image coordinates of each pixel within each profile, utilizing each pixel's integral height, to produce a projection of each profile line onto the surface. Pixel brightness values are then resampled along the projected track of each profile to determine a more correct height value for each pixel. Precision of the methods is discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 263-265
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: A classification database using the reflectivity (derived from the altimetry data), rms slope, and the first principal component of altimetry and topographic slope is presented. The resultant clustered data is examined qualitatively as well as quantitatively, to establish the statistical integrity of each cluster by use of an interactive, ternary plotting algorithm. This algorithm plots, for a cluster, the position of each of its pixels within a ternary diagram whose apices represent reflectivity, rms slope, and the first principal component. The digital values in these three databases are normalized such that unity is represented by a value of 255 in each database. The frequencies of each plotted point within the ternary diagram are recorded in order to establish the mode of each cluster. The pixels of each cluster are displayed as one separate color; their ternary plot will show not only the interrelations between clusters, but also the presence of any anomalous points within a cluster. Existing lunar and terrestrial analog radar data is used to establish fields within this ternary diagram that are indicative of as many different geologic materials and tectonics settings as possible. The resultant fields are used to determine empirically the geologic significance of the clusters resulting from the cluster analysis.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. Program; p 65-66
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Nearly shot-noise limited detection of OH using the technique of laser-induced fluorescence is reported. A LIDAR configuration is used to excite fluoresence in a large volume and a narrow-bandwidth interference filter provides spectral discrimination. This arrangement alleviates the effect of ozone interference and facilitates image processing at relatively close distances. The detection limit is determined mainly by the short-noise of the solar background. Ground-based measurements in Dearborn indicate a detection limit of better than 1 x 10 to the 6th power OH/cubic cm over a forty-minute acquisition period. Under favorable conditions, a comparable detection limit was also observed for airborne measurements.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 23; 4076-408
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A physical model for the Io plasma torus is constructed to explain the EUV radiative emission observed by the Voyager UV spectrometer. Electron impact excitation rate coefficients for electronic transitions of S III, S IV, O II and O III are calculated by the method of distorted waves (Davis, Kepple, and Blaha, 1976); these coefficients account for the asymmetric shape of the 686 A feature. It is concluded that the electron gas must have a distribution function with a non-Maxwellian tail. An approximate representation of the distribution function as two temperature components requires a cold component of 3.5-4 eV and density of 2000 per cu cm and a hot component of about 100 eV and density of 50-100 per cu cm to satisfy observational constraints.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 238
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  • 5
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Current science projections for future earth-imaging instruments indicate the need for as many as 25 spectral bands, with bandwidths as narrow as 20 nanometers. The desire for a multiplicity of bands has led researchers to study various spectrally dispersive instrument designs as a means of providing the desired future capability. These instrument designs, however, are costly, complex, and of high technical risk. This paper describes a 'multiband selection device' containing several spectral filters that can be placed at the exit faces of a broadband multiport beam splitter and thereby provide a multiplicity of spectral bands with a high degree of spatial coregistration while utilizing state-of-the-art linear array detectors. Fabrication of the multiband selection device has been successfully accomplished, and the design and test results are described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The minority carrier diffusion length Ln in the base or substrate region is an important parameter which governs a solar cell's performance. The present investigation is concerned with the development of a multiwavelength analyzer (MWA) technique for the nondestructive spatial testing of polycrystalline solar cells. The MWA method is based on the utilization of the short-circuit current generated by two or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operating at different wavelengths and modulated 180 deg out-of-phase. For a determination of Ln by the MWA technique, it is necessary to know the value of the absorption coefficient.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Solar Cells (ISSN 0379-6787); 9; Sept
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: High-energy radiation detectors suitable for balloon-borne or space-based radiation event studies are described. The employment of NaI(Tl) scintillator bars for gamma ray detection is outlined, and the development of a fluorescent gated gas-filled scintillation proportional counter is reported. A high throughput nondispersive hard X ray spectrograph with angular resolution for cosmic bursts, transients, and sources has been constructed. Features of a sealed high pressure xenon filled imaging proportional counter with a 30 sq cm sensitive area are explored. Finally, the various radiation effects on electronic circuitry in a space environment are defined, and an MOS dosimeter for assaying the cumulative radiation flux in a spacecraft due to ambient conditions is characterized.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A redesign of the antenna electronics package for the NBS/GPS C/A receiver has resulted in significantly reduced cost and improved performance. Major improvements include a simplified and more reliable multiplier/mixer, elimination of all twelve piston trimmer tuning capacitors in the original design, elimination of expensive bandpass filters, less expensive antenna and a simplified packaging scheme.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the 16th Ann. Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Appl. and Planning Meeting; p 467-474
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The three major categories of models of lunar origin which explain the Moon's properties are complete and a more general scenario is presented. The model presented is as the Earth grew by planetesimal bombardment, a circumterrestrial cloud of particles was created from a combination of impact ejected mantle material and planetismals captured directly into orbit around the Earth. The compositional properties are explained two ways: (1) a few big late planetismals of diverse composition are captured in orbit and/or hit the Earth; and (2) the circumterrestrial swarm acts as a filter, preferentially capturing small weak silicate bodies, while passing large iron planetismals.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Planetary Inst. Conf. on the Origin of the Moon; p 51
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A portable dynamic pressure generator was developed to meet the requirements of determining the dynamic sensitivities of in situ pressure transducers at low frequencies. The device is designed to operate in a frequency range of 0 to 100 Hz, although it was only tested up to 30 Hz, and to generate dynamic pressures up to 13.8 kPa (2 psi). A description of the operating characteristics and instrumentation used for pressure, frequency, and displacement measurements is given. The pressure generator was used to statically and dynamically calibrate transducers. Test results demonstrated that a difference an exist between the static and dynamic sensitivity of a transducer, confirming the need for dynamic calibrations of in situ pressure transducers.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-85687 , NAS 1.15:85687
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