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  • Aerospace Medicine  (18)
  • ASTRONOMY  (12)
  • Aerodynamics
  • Biology
  • 2005-2009  (25)
  • 1980-1984  (13)
  • 1
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    Amino acid supplementation alters bone metabolism during simulated weightlessness (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: High-protein and acidogenic diets induce hypercalciuria. Foods or supplements with excess sulfur-containing amino acids increase endogenous sulfuric acid production and therefore have the potential to increase calcium excretion and alter bone metabolism. In this study, effects of an amino acid/carbohydrate supplement on bone resorption were examined during bed rest. Thirteen subjects were divided at random into two groups: a control group (Con, n = 6) and an amino acid-supplemented group (AA, n = 7) who consumed an extra 49.5 g essential amino acids and 90 g carbohydrate per day for 28 days. Urine was collected for n-telopeptide (NTX), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), calcium, and pH determinations. Bone mineral content was determined and potential renal acid load was calculated. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was measured in serum samples collected on day 1 (immediately before bed rest) and on day 28. Potential renal acid load was higher in the AA group than in the Con group during bed rest (P 〈 0.05). For all subjects, during bed rest urinary NTX and DPD concentrations were greater than pre-bed rest levels (P 〈 0.05). Urinary NTX and DPD tended to be higher in the AA group (P = 0.073 and P = 0.056, respectively). During bed rest, urinary calcium was greater than baseline levels (P 〈 0.05) in the AA group but not the Con group. Total bone mineral content was lower after bed rest than before bed rest in the AA group but not the Con group (P 〈 0.05). During bed rest, urinary pH decreased (P 〈 0.05), and it was lower in the AA group than the Con group. These data suggest that bone resorption increased, without changes in bone formation, in the AA group.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (ISSN 8750-7587); Volume 99; 1; 134-40
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  • 2
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    Erythropoietin and IL-3 receptor cell surface expression is decreased under conditions that model some aspects of microgravity (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Gravitational and space biology bulletin : publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology (ISSN 1089-988X); Volume 18; 2; 111-2
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  • 3
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    Ultraviolet, X-ray, and infrared observations of HDE 226868 equals Cygnus X-1 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: During April, May, and July of 1978, HDE 226868, the optical counterpart of Cygnus X-1, was repeatedly observed in the ultraviolet with the IUE satellite. Some X-ray and infrared observations have been made during the same period. The general shape of the spectrum is that expected from a late O supergiant. Strong absorption features are apparent in the ultraviolet, some of which have been identified. The equivalent widths of the most prominent lines appear to be modulated with the orbital phase. This modulation is discussed in terms of the ionization contours calculated by Hatchett and McCray, for a binary X-ray source in the stellar wind of the companion.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 242
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  • 4
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    Absolute brightness temperature measurements at 3.5-mm wavelength (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Careful observations have been made at 86.1 GHz to derive the absolute brightness temperatures of the sun (7914 + or - 192 K), Venus (357.5 + or - 13.1 K), Jupiter (179.4 + or - 4.7 K), and Saturn (153.4 + or - 4.8 K) with a standard error of about three percent. This is a significant improvement in accuracy over previous results at millimeter wavelengths. A stable transmitter and novel superheterodyne receiver were constructed and used to determine the effective collecting area of the Millimeter Wave Observatory (MWO) 4.9-m antenna relative to a previously calibrated standard gain horn. The thermal scale was set by calibrating the radiometer with carefully constructed and tested hot and cold loads. The brightness temperatures may be used to establish an absolute calibration scale and to determine the antenna aperture and beam efficiencies of other radio telescopes at 3.5-mm wavelength.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-28; May 1980
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  • 5
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    Nutritional Assessment During a 14-d Saturation Dive: the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operation V Project (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Ground-based analogs of spaceflight are an important means of studying physiological and nutritional changes associated with space travel, particularly since exploration missions are anticipated, and flight research opportunities are limited. A clinical nutritional assessment of the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operation V (NEEMO) crew (4 M, 2 F) was conducted before, during, and after the 14-d saturation dive. Blood and urine samples were collected before (D-12 and D-1), during (MD 7 and MD 12), and after (R + 0 and R + 7) the dive. The foods were typical of the spaceflight food system. A number of physiological changes were reported both during the dive and post dive that are also commonly observed during spaceflight. Serum hemoglobin and hematocrit were decreased (P less than 0.05) post dive. Serum ferritin and ceruloplasmin significantly increased during the dive, while transferring receptors tended to go down during the dive and were significantly decreased by the last day (R + 0). Along with significant hematological changes, there was also evidence for increased oxidative damage and stress during the dive. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was elevated (P less than 0.05) during the dive, while glutathione peroxidase and superoxide disrnutase activities were decreased (P less than 0.05) during the dive. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration also tended to increase during the dive, suggesting the presence of a stress-induced inflammatory response, Decreased leptin during the dive (P less than 0.05) may also be related to the increased stress. Similar to what is observed during spaceflight, subjects had decreased energy intake and weight loss during the dive. Together, these similarities to spaceflight provide a model to further define the physiological effects of spaceflight and investigate potential countermeasures.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
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  • 6
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    The Jovian atmospheric window at 2.7 microns: A search for H2S (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The atmospheric transmission window at 2.7 microns in Jupiter's atmosphere was observed at a spectral resolution of 0.1/cm from the Kuiiper Airborne Observatory. From an analysis of the CH4 abundance (80 m-am) and the H2O abundance ( 0.0125 cm-am) it was determined that the penetration depth of solar flux at 2.7 microns is near the base of the NH3 cloud layer. The upper limit to H2O at 2.7 microns and other results suggest that photolytic reactions in Jupiter's lower troposphere may not be as significant as was previously thought. A search for H2S in Jupiter's atmosphere yielded an upper limit of 0.1 cm-am. The corresponding limit to the element abundance ratio S/H was approx. 1.7x10(-8), about 10(-3) times the solar value. Upon modeling the abundance and distribution of H2S in Jupiter's atmosphere it was concluded that, contrary to expectations, sulfur-bearing chromophores are not present in significant amounts in Jupiter's visible clouds. Rather, it appears that most of Jupiter's sulfur is locked up as NH4SH in a lower cloud layer. Alternatively, the global abundance of sulfur in Jupiter may be significantly depleted.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-86661 , NAS 1.15:86661 , REPT-85043
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  • 7
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    The Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) will be a free-flying observatory for high-quality observations and research in the X-ray spectrum. AXAF is planned to be launched in 1991 by the Shuttle and maintained in-orbit over a period of 15 years. This paper presents a summary of the AXAF program and describes several possible configurations which resulted from Phase A studies.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 84-0134
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  • 8
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    The Apollo Medical Operations Project: Recommendations to Improve Crew Health and Performance for Future Exploration Missions and Lunar Surface Operations (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Medical requirements for the future Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM), advanced Extravehicular Activity (EVA) suits and Lunar habitat are currently being developed. Crews returning to the lunar surface will construct the lunar habitat and conduct scientific research. Inherent in aggressive surface activities is the potential risk of injury to crewmembers. Physiological responses and the operational environment for short forays during the Apollo lunar missions were studied and documented. Little is known about the operational environment in which crews will live and work and the hardware will be used for long-duration lunar surface operations. Additional information is needed regarding productivity and the events that affect crew function such as a compressed timeline. The Space Medicine Division at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) requested a study in December 2005 to identify Apollo mission issues relevant to medical operations that had impact to crew health and/or performance. The operationally oriented goals of this project were to develop or modify medical requirements for new exploration vehicles and habitats, create a centralized database for future access, and share relevant Apollo information with the multiple entities at NASA and abroad participating in the exploration effort.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
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  • 9
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    Results from the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory. XLI - Photometry of M31 and M33 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Filter photometry observations from the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory, in six wavelength bands between 1550 and 4250 A, are reported for several positions along the major and minor axes in M31 and at some positions in M33. The spatial resolution is 10 arcmin. The colors along the major axis of M31 within about 20 arcmin of the nucleus are similar to the nucleus; at 45 arcmin the colors are much bluer, indicating a spiral arm population. This behavior is expected from other observations of H I, CO, and early-type stars, which are all concentrated in a ring of material whose inner edge is about 7 kpc (= 35 arcmin) from the nucleus. The center of M33 is bluer than the ring of M31, and the arms of M33 even bluer. There are no colors too blue to be explained (within observational error) by unreddened B stars.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 87; June 198
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  • 10
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    Coordinated X-ray, optical, and radio observations of flaring activity on YZ Canis Minoris (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The YZ Canis Minoris (Gliese 285), a late-type dwarf star with Balmer emission (dM4.5e), is a member of the UV Ceti class of flare stars. Obtaining good X-ray observations of a dMe star flare is important not only for understanding the physics of flares but also for testing current ideas regarding the similarity between stellar and solar flares. The Einstein X-ray Observatory has made it possible to conduct X-ray observations of dMe stars with unprecedented sensitivity. A description is presented of the results of a program of ground-based optical and radio observations of YZ CMi coordinated with those of the Einstein Observatory. The observations were carried out as part of a coordinated program on October 25, 26, and 27, 1979, when YZ CMi was on the dawn side of the earth. Comprehensive observational data were obtained of an event detected in all three wavelength regions on October 25, 1979.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 252
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